Tags on the tool about verification. Inspection and testing of hand and power tools

17.06.2019

PTEEP and POT R M are written in blood… It sounds terrible, but it is true. Behind each line are human sacrifices. Disregard for safety rules leads to tragedy.

According to statistics, most often experienced electricians with a solid work experience and a high electrical safety group become victims of accidents in electrical installations.

A person believes in his professionalism so much that he ceases to be afraid - and this is the sad result.

At any enterprise, electrical safety issues should be dealt with specially trained person - responsible for electrical equipment. This is not a position, but an “honorable duty,” as Rostekhnadzor inspectors joke.

Let's quote PTEEP: “1.2.3. To directly fulfill the obligations for organizing the operation of electrical installations, the head of the Consumer (except for citizens - owners of electrical installations with a voltage above 1000 V) appoints the person responsible for the electrical facilities of the organization (hereinafter - the responsible for the electrical facilities) with the appropriate document ... The person responsible for the electrical facilities and his deputy are appointed from among the managers and specialists of the Consumer " .

Exactly This specialist is responsible for for conducting special and organizing measurements and tests of power tools.

What is a portable power tool?

Electric wrenches, electric drills, electric planers, grinders and polishers and other electrified mechanisms not fixed to a permanent foundation, as well as electric extension cords and portable lamps - all this portable power tool.

Before entering into the results of measurements and tests, need to take these steps. You need to start by assigning each power tool and portable lamp serial number(according to the new rules - inventory), which is written on the case with paint or a permanent marker in the place that is least exposed to mechanical stress.

Periodicity

Let's go back to the "Rules" technical operation electrical installations of consumers "and in clause 3.5.11. we read that it is necessary to test portable power tools at least once every 6 months. Maybe more often.

Who is authorized to carry out measurements and tests?

For testing and measurement work special equipment required, devices are an integral part of the electrical laboratory, therefore, the enterprise must have such a laboratory in order to carry out work on its own.

If, due to various circumstances, the enterprise cannot afford such a luxury, one should contact an organization that owns a licensed electrical laboratory and qualified personnel.

The electrical safety group for persons performing testing and measurement work should be not lower than III.

Journal of accounting and testing of electrical equipment.

Posted information

Contains the following graphs:

name of the power tool;
inventory number;
date of last test;
the reason for the test, inspection (after repair or periodic);
insulation resistance measurement;
checking the health of the ground circuit;
external inspection and check of idling;
date of the next test, inspection;
the person who carried out the check, test (full name, signature).

We will consider the order of filling in each of the columns separately and in great detail.

Name

It must exactly match the name of the tool indicated in the passport.

For example, you can’t just write “drill”, you must specify: “Makita HP 207 network impact drill”.

Inventory number

Above, the procedure for assigning and applying an inventory number to the tool body was considered.

At this stage, the inventory number is recorded without errors in the appropriate column.

Date of last test

Everything is very simple here: we write the date of the last test of a portable power tool, fixed. If the tool is new, we enter in this column the date of the factory test indicated in the passport.

Reason for testing

There are only two such reasons: the tool has been in repair and requires additional testing, or the next check has come up (6 months have passed since the date of the previous test).

External inspection and check of idling

Checking the power tool should begin with an external examination. Procedure:

carefully inspect the body of the tool, make sure that there are no cracks, chips and dirt;
carefully examine the plug, paying attention to how tightly the pins are fixed in the body;
check the supply wire for flexibility, the absence of twists, breaks and cracks on the surface of the wire, inspect the attachment points to the plug and the tool body (double insulation should not be broken).

Idling test is carried out by turning on the tool in the electrical network and pressing the "Start" button. The power tool is tested without load. What you should pay attention to:

According to the results of the inspection and idling test an entry is made in the log, including the date of the check and its result(satisfactory or unsatisfactory).

Insulation resistance measurement

This procedure is performed using a megohmmeter. Instrument Requirements:

output voltage - 1000 V;

The measurement is carried out by a team of two people, the electrical safety team of one of them should not be below III. Before starting work, you need to check megaohmmeter.

For this you need short-circuit the terminals of the device, turn the knob until the arrow on the scale approaches 0. Then you need to disconnect the leads and turn the knob again. The instrument pointer should deviate to ∞.

Measurement procedure:

The instrument leads are connected to the plug pins of the power tool being tested. Attention must be paid to the tips of the device leads did not touch each other. Depending on the type of megohmmeter, you need to rotate the knob of the device or press the button for 1 minute. Record the readings of the megohmmeter, stop the measurement, disconnect the leads.
Fix one of the leads of the device on the pin of the tool plug, the second - on the metal part of the tool body. Measure within 1 minute, fix the reading of the device, stop the measurement.
Connect the output of the device to another pin of the tool plug, do not touch the device lead previously attached to the metal part of the tool body. Carry out the measurement for 1 minute, fix the reading of the device, stop the measurement, disconnect the leads.

Insulation resistance considered normal if the measured value exceeds 0.5 MΩ.

In the event that at least one of the measurements showed lower insulation resistance, the tested power tool is rejected (the entry "Unsatisfactory" in the corresponding column of the log).

If all three measurements of the insulation resistance of the tool showed satisfactory result, an entry is made in the appropriate column of the journal, fixing the date of the test and its result (satisfactory).

Checking the health of the ground circuit

The test is carried out on a power tool having earthing contacts on the plug. The purpose of this test is check the integrity of the ground circuit, therefore, the closer the instrument reading is to 0, the better. Device requirements:

not expired date of the next verification (indicated on the label attached to the instrument case, after the words "Good until ...");
absence of dirt and visible mechanical damage(cracks, chips).

The check can be carried out by one person. Should start with ohmmeter performance testing: turn on the device and close the outputs to each other. The arrow on the scale should point to 0. After opening the outputs, a working device will show ∞.

Actually continuity check occurs as follows: one of the terminals of the device is attached to the grounding contact of the instrument plug, the second - to metal parts corps.

When the device is turned on, its readings are recorded, the result is entered in the appropriate column of the log with the date indicated.

Ground circuit is faulty, if the readings of the device tend to ∞ (record "Unsatisfactory"). In this case, the power tool cannot be exploited.

Date of next test

The frequency of inspections was mentioned above. It is worth dwelling in more detail on those cases when tests are carried out more often than once every six months. This becomes necessary under the condition of active operation of a portable power tool, the terms are determined by those responsible for the electrical economy.

How to determine the date of the next test: add 6 months to current date(or the amount determined by the person responsible for the electrical economy) and make an entry in the appropriate column of the journal.

The person who carried out the test

Entered in this column data of the person who carried out the check(surname, initials) and put his signature.

This completes the completion of the logbook for checking and testing the power tool, so that in six months (or earlier) again repeat the whole procedure.

It may seem to some that all of the above measures are redundant, which it is not necessary to do them at all. Let's try to convince a hypothetical opponent of the opposite.

Rostekhnadzor statistics tell us that the majority of accidents (more than 60%) occur at consumer electrical installations. The reason is the failure to comply with mandatory measures aimed at maintaining the safe condition of electrical equipment, including portable power tools.

It is worth thinking about what unwillingness to follow the rules leads to human casualties and draw the appropriate conclusions.

Safety rules when working with electrical equipment must not be neglected. Therefore, it is important to fill out the accounting documents correctly. We will figure out how to document the presence of a power tool and the fact of its timely checks. Here is a log of electrical equipment, a sample of which can be downloaded at the end of the material.

Why do you need an electrical equipment log

To avoid accidents when working with electrical equipment, it is important to comply with established safety and operation standards:

not allowed to work with electrical equipment unqualified personnel;
timely test the tool;
register the whole tool and electrical equipment, dates and results of its tests in a special journal.

The need to maintain special log books for electrical equipment in organizations is indicated by the order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated January 13, 2003 N 6 " On approval of the Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations". Energy consumers, according to the rules, are citizens, entrepreneurs and organizations, regardless of ownership and organizational and legal forms, that own electrical installations with a voltage of 1,000 volts and up to 220,000 volts.

The head of the organization must ensure:

correct maintenance, operation and maintenance of the tool;
testing of electrical equipment;
selection of electrical personnel, timely medical examinations;
training and testing the knowledge of such personnel;
appointment of a person responsible for electrical facilities (if necessary, in each division), who will deal with electrical safety issues.

The rules say that each structural unit must create a list of technical documentation approved by the technical manager. This list, among other things, includes electrical equipment logbooks, in which all the main tools should be listed, indicating the characteristics and inventory numbers. The magazines are accompanied by instructions, data sheets, certificates, test reports, measurements, repairs and maintenance. The word "logs" is used in plural. So how many electrical forms should a company have?

How many power tool ledgers should an organization have?

Unified forms of documents are not attached to the rules, from which we can conclude that the form of such accounting is arbitrary.

There is a recommended form for recording, checking and testing power tools and auxiliary equipment for it, which is given in the appendix to the rules. security at work With tool And fixtures (RD34 . 03 . 204 ) . These standards have been approved Ministry of Energy of the USSR April 30, 1985 Oh yeah. They are not registered by the Ministry of Justice, and therefore are not a normative act.

Since January 2016, the operation of power tools has been regulated by the Rules No. on labor protection when working with tools and devices approved by order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia of August 17, 2015 N 552n. This is an official legal act, which, however, does not contain any recommended forms for accounting forms.

In a letter from the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated August 16, 2016 N 15-2 / OOG-2956 officials explain that the rules of RD 34.03.204 approved in the USSR can be applied today in the part that does not contradict modern Rules. This means that the usual sample of the recommended form of the electrical equipment inspection form can be used to account for the tool. It is worth remembering that this is not a mandatory form and you can take into account the equipment in a different way.

In practice, several accounting documents are often created relating to electrical appliances and equipment:

for registration of electrical equipment and power tools;
accounting, inspection and testing of power tools and auxiliary equipment;
a separate register for checking the grounding of electrical equipment.

Also share checks various kinds equipment.

For convenience, you can have 2 and 3 different documents, however, when checking, it is enough if you have one log that lists the characteristics of electrical equipment, inventory numbers and, most importantly, the results and dates of checks. The old form, recommended by the rules of the USSR Ministry of Energy, quite fully reflects this information.

Rules for filling and logging

The document is maintained by an employee specially appointed by order of the head - responsible for electrical facilities. In each structural unit, a responsible person is appointed and a separate journal is started. The assigned electrical safety group of the responsible person must be at least third.

Apply to the design of the form general rules maintaining primary accounting documents: pages must be numbered, stitched, certified with the seal of the organization and the signature of a manager or authorized person. The seal is placed on a paper strip, with which the ends of the lacing are glued, so that part of it falls on the certification inscription, and part on the last page.

The standard form of the journal contains the following information:

sequence number of the record;
full name of the instrument;
inventory number;
date of last test;
the reason for the inspection (scheduled periodic - once every six months; unscheduled - after repair);
date and result of the high voltage insulation test;
date and result of insulation resistance measurement;
date and result of the grounding test;
date and result of external inspection of electrical equipment and testing of idling;
time of the next check according to the plan;
Name and signature of the person who performed the inspection.

Here is an example of a completed document.

It is necessary to carry out tests of electrical equipment with special devices in an electrical laboratory. If there is no such laboratory at the enterprise, then the tool is checked in licensed organizations that have the necessary equipment.

Let's go through the columns of the log in more detail, understanding what exactly and after what check you should write:

the name of the electric tool is copied from its technical passport - we enter in detail indicating the brand and model;
the inventory number must be assigned and painted on the body, it is important to enter it without errors;
if the test is the first, then in the column "date of the last test" we indicate the date of the factory check from the data sheet. If not the first, look at the date in the log;
the reason for the test is either planned or after repair. Scheduled inspections are carried out at least once every 6 months, the technical manager may establish the need for more frequent tests, depending on the intensity of equipment operation;
during an external examination of the tool, we look for chips, check the fastenings of the plug, the wire - for flexibility, creases and insulation violations. When testing idling, we turn on the tool in the network, press "start", checking the smoothness of pressing, the presence of extraneous noise, the smell of burning, sparking. According to the result, we write down - satisfactory or unsatisfactory;
insulation resistance is checked with a device called a megger. The check is carried out by 2 people, one of them must have an electrical safety group of at least the third. The device is connected to the tool, the handle is rotated (or a button is pressed) until the megger needle approaches zero. Readings are recorded, then measured in two more ways. The reading must be greater than 0.5 Mohm. If all three measurements showed a normal result, we write it down in the column - satisfactory;
the serviceability of the grounding circuit of tools with grounding contacts on the plug is checked with an ohmmeter. The instrument readings should tend to zero. The device is attached to grounding contacts and metal parts of the case. The test is carried out by 1 person. According to the results, we write down - satisfactory or not;
we carefully check the date of the next inspection when making an entry, especially if the employee responsible for the electrical facilities has set test dates more often than once every six months;
the employee conducting the test, completing the entry in the electrical equipment register, puts his last name, initials and signature.

Earthing Inspection Log

Responsibility

In accordance with Article 9.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, violations in the field of operation of electrical equipment are punishable by fines:

for individuals - from 1000 to 2000 rubles;
for officials - from 2000 to 4000 rubles;
for individual entrepreneurs - from 2000 to 4000 rubles or suspension of activities for up to 90 days;
for legal entities - from 20,000 to 40,000 rubles or a suspension similar to that of an individual entrepreneur.

The lack of mandatory documentation is one of the violations, and the manager needs to decide whether to download the electrical equipment log (sample fill) for free and use it, thereby fulfilling the requirements of the Rules for the Technical Operation of Electrical Installations, or risk being fined a large amount.

Any construction and repair is not complete without hand tool, which simplifies and speeds up its execution. In this case, portable power tools are most often used as the most reliable and mobile. Electric energy is one of the most widespread all over the world, it is used both in domestic conditions and in production. However, not every craftsman knows that an electric tool must be checked regularly so that it does not cause an accident associated with human injury. electric shock or explosion (fire) when working in dangerous fire hazardous conditions. In this article, we will tell you how a power tool is checked, how often this should be done, and who should be involved in this type of work.

Classification of power tools for electrical safety

When operating an electric tool, you should know that, according to the current GOST, it is divided into several protection classes. The check of a portable power tool, its frequency and methodology directly depend on this.

0 - has only working insulation without grounding devices and connections;
01 - there is a working insulation and a grounding element, however, the cord itself, which is supplied with the tool, does not have a ground wire;
1 - has a working insulation and a grounding element, which is connected through a cable with a corresponding output;
2 - equipped with double insulation, that is, the electrical wiring and current-carrying parts are insulated, and the body is made of a dielectric material;
3 - this class of power tools is connected to a reduced safe voltage - no more than 42 volts, while the devices are not subject to grounding.

Most often, in everyday life and at the enterprise, workers use exactly class 2 power tools, since it has sufficient insulation so that a person is not injured.

Tool Check Method

It is allowed to use household and industrial power tools that have passed the test. For this, a clear algorithm has been developed, which must be observed by everyone who wants to work with him. At the same time, it is necessary to clearly understand the difference between verification and verification.

Verification- These are tests that are carried out in special laboratories located at every large enterprise. The tests include:

Determination of the presence and serviceability of the ground circuit by using a special ohmmeter - one end of the device is connected to the terminal on the plug, and the other to the ground located on the tool itself. Measurements should show no more than 0.5 ohms, which satisfies the safety conditions for using the tool.
The measurement for the integrity and quality of the insulation is checked with a megohmmeter at a voltage of no more than 500 V for a power tool designed for an operating voltage of 220 V. You can not twist it quickly, this will be enough to see the insulation resistance of the tool. In this case, be sure to remember to press the button that turns on the electric tool. The device must show an insulation resistance of more than 500 kOhm, if this value is less, work with it is prohibited.
Then a trial test is carried out while idling for 5-7 minutes.

It can also be used to test the power tool with increased voltage. In this case, a tool with a voltage of up to 50 Volts is tested with a test voltage of 550 V. If the tool is designed for a voltage above 50 V, but with a power of up to 1 kW, the test voltage should be 900 V, above 1 kW - 1350 V. Tests are carried out for 1 minutes.

Examination- is carried out by visual control and inspection. You need to check not only the case, but also the cord connecting it to the power source. You need to pay attention to:

The integrity of the body, it can be cracks and breaks.
The power cable, there should not be visible drying out, damage, chafing, as well as signs of burning and heating. Pay special attention and check the places where the electric cord enters the housing and the plug.
The plug and its contact part, which will be connected to the network, is inspected and checked for integrity.

The check must be carried out before starting work, and before switching on after switching to another workplace. Naturally, professional laboratory verification is carried out only at large enterprises and firms; in domestic conditions, an employee, at least before work, should carefully examine the power tool he has taken in his hands.

If we talk about the terms for checking a power tool, then according to the existing regulatory rules, periodic verification of the tool should be at least every year, and it is necessary to check the power tool, as mentioned earlier, before each use. If manual electrical equipment is used in extreme climatic and industrial conditions, it is recommended to check it with a megohmmeter at least once every 10 days.

Important point! When checking the tool at the enterprise, first of all, you need to look at the date of the test. If the date is overdue or there is no tag on testing the power tool at all, then it is forbidden to operate it - it must be removed and handed over for testing.

Registration and accounting check

Power tools used in enterprises for professional purposes must be numbered and entered in the register. Enterprise management and structural unit it is necessary to organize a clear accounting for the storage, operation and verification of manual electrical equipment. All the necessary information is recorded in a specially prepared journal, and an appropriate protocol is issued based on the results of the verification and verification. And also a mandatory measure that ensures the safety of the operation of this equipment is a qualified briefing of personnel with a knowledge test, in which the verification methods are announced under the signature, as well as the rules for using it. One of important criteria checks and safe work is the use of auxiliary equipment such as carriers and extension cords. They also need to be checked once a year, and to ensure this is the direct responsibility of the person responsible for electrical facilities.

The frequency of checking the power tool must be documented. So in the event of a breakdown in the service center, they will quickly find and eliminate its cause. But why is it so important to work with reliable tools?

Power tools should always be bought new, when buying tools "from hand" you need to carefully inspect them.

It is difficult to imagine a modern person without a power tool. Look around: almost every self-respecting man has a certain amount of electrical appliances and devices necessary to perform repair work. This entire set is difficult to replace with mechanical counterparts. But each tool requires special attention.

In any production related to the use of power tools, rules are introduced that regulate the procedure for working and Maintenance the entire instrument. The frequency of checking the power tool is determined depending on the intensity of its use. And here it is important to clearly understand the difference between the concepts of "verification" and "verification".

How to prepare the tool for work?

Instrument inspection scheme.

Power tools are checked daily before starting work. It includes simple steps:

visual inspection of the tool to detect cracks in the body;
checking the reliability of fastening of all parts;
inspection of the supply cable to determine the integrity of its insulation
control of the integrity of electrical connections, if any.

In parallel with the inspection of the power tool, necessary care: Remove dust and grease from the tool body.

What is verification?

Verification is a set of measuring measures aimed at determining specifications electrical products. For verification, a certain frequency is established. In production, verification is most often carried out at least once every 6 months. “At least” just means that such a procedure can be carried out much more often. So, in conditions of intensive use of power tools, it is recommended to check once every 10 days.

The operator working with the tool under test is not allowed for verification. This function must be carried out by qualified personnel. The main task of verification is to measure the grounding and determine the quality of the insulator. Grounding is checked with an ohmmeter. A megohmmeter is used to check the integrity of the wiring and determine the insulation resistance between phase and ground.

An insulation resistance of 0.5 Mohm indicates its reliability and the possibility of further operation.

The test is performed with the voltage on for at least 1 minute. An insulation resistance of 0.5 Mohm indicates its reliability and the possibility of further operation. If the wiring does not receive a permit for further operation, then it is either replaced or the power tool is written off. The next verification step is to study the operation of the device at idle (at least 5 minutes). During this procedure, the condition of the motor brushes is inspected. Excessive sparking indicates that the brushes need to be replaced. After each verification, the obtained data are recorded in a special log.

If a centralized storage of an electric tool is organized at the production site, then its verification is carried out in accordance with the regulations established at the enterprise. Verification and verification of the tool is carried out after each use, and the results are documented. The tool is issued to the employee on record. At the end of the work, the tool is deposited, about which an additional entry is made in the appropriate journal. In the event of an electrical injury to an employee, such a journal can be used in legal proceedings as an official document. The safety engineer or other authorized person is responsible for the frequency and quality of verification.

How to check the tool at home?

At home, checking the power tool is the same: inspection of the tool and electrical wiring is necessary before each start of work.

When buying a new power tool, check the certificate of conformity.

Even new products must be carefully examined before purchase. During the inspection, pay special attention to the plug and the protective sleeve next to it. It is enough to bend the coupling at a slight angle to determine its integrity. Claims for inspection by employees of a trade organization should not scare you: if the quality of the goods is decent, then by your actions you will not be able to harm it or spoil its presentation. When buying, it is mandatory to request a quality certificate for the product and make a mark on the sale in technical passport accompanying the tool.

The frequency of instrument verification is determined by the user himself, depending on the frequency of its use. For example, if a tool is rarely used, then it should be checked at least once a year. During long-term storage in electrical wiring various chemical processes that cause corrosion can take place. Even if you are not using the tool, make it a rule to turn it on for a few minutes without load at least once a quarter. This will ensure the reliability of the bearings and, in case of damage, you will be able to detect it.

Suspicion should cause: an unusual sound, the smell of smoke and overheating of the instrument. Any of these signs indicates that the tool needs to be checked by specialists. You also determine the frequency of verification yourself as needed. But even here you cannot do without the help of specialists: this work must be carried out by people with special training and the appropriate permit.

Conclusions on the topic of the publication

You should not ignore the verification procedure. It is best to contact a specialized company, where for a moderate fee you will be provided with qualified assistance. A defective tool can cause injury, so it is best to always know its current condition in advance.

As elsewhere, when working with a power tool, you must use logic and common sense. You do not need to rely only on your own confidence and intuition, as well as hope that the tool will not let you down. It is better to have a reliable guarantee everywhere and in everything.

Using a defective tool may result in emergencies, will cause harm to the user of the tool and people around. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to check the power tool in a timely manner.

This check must be carried out in accordance with the rules existing in the legislation on labor protection. The necessary algorithms for this check are also written there. further work after troubleshooting and troubleshooting. The most dangerous in this regard are conductive components and mechanisms, if accidentally touched, an electric shock can occur. To protect against such situations, the conductive parts are repeatedly insulated. However, over time, the tool wears out, insulation breakdowns are possible. Therefore, a check of power tools is provided, as well as their verification.

How to check and verify?

When checking electrical tools, a thorough external inspection of the equipment under test is carried out for mechanical damage, violation of the integrity of the case, inspection of the insulation of the power cable, analysis of the integrity of the conductive cores. In addition, the mechanical integrity of the plug and the quality of the contacts are checked.

Verification is a more thorough procedure that must be carried out at regular intervals. It includes a set of the following operations:

Measuring the insulation of the cores of the cable that feeds the tool. Produced using a megohmmeter;
Determining the integrity of the cores using;
Analysis of the tool in idle mode for 5-10 minutes. In this case, it is carried out again (the tool is considered verified if this value is not less than 0.5 MΩ.

According to the regulations, household power tools should be checked at least once every six months. If an industrial tool is constantly exposed to adverse factors(high temperatures, increased dust, chemical exposure), the maximum period between checks should not exceed 10-12 days.

The procedure for routine inspection of professional power tools is different from that of home appliances.

Checking a professional power tool

On industrial and construction organizations all power tools are accounted for, each employee who owns them is responsible for their current condition. It swings both the presence and the state of health. Therefore, the user himself is interested in checking power tools. The verification process itself and the main results of its implementation are recorded in the appropriate log. In addition, when transferring a set of tools from one team to another, it is also carefully checked. This log also reflects deviations in the results of this check. Responsibility for the timely conduct of the audit rests with the employee to whom this tool is assigned.

If during the test, deviations in the operation of the power tool are detected or a malfunction is found in the cable, plug, it is forbidden to work with it. With the appropriate permit, the employee has the right to eliminate this malfunction. If this is not possible, the instrument is officially declared unfit for use. further use, there should be a corresponding entry in the accounting sheet.

Checking a household power tool

Checking a household electrical tool occurs according to a more simplified technology. In this case, the responsibility for the timely conduct of this check and for the consequences of using a failed tool lies with its owner. There are no regulatory documents in this case, the owner of the power tool should be guided by considerations of his own safety. Before each turning it on, it is advisable to check, at least according to a simplified scheme, including monitoring the reliability of fixing all nozzles used for it. To reduce the likelihood of failure, the power tool must be thoroughly cleaned of dust and dirt after use, and stored in a proper place for this. At least once a month, it is recommended to check power tools by testing them in idle mode.