Every day a person has to look for solutions to various problems or simply compare facts. In everyday life, we rarely think that such skills can be developed. It seems to many that this is unrealistic for adults, others refer to the lack of time. Today we will consider such an issue as the development logical thinking.
What it is?
In order to fully understand what kind of phenomenon this is, let's pay attention to its components - the actual thinking and logic.
Thinking is understood mental process, during which information is processed and connections are established between events, objects or phenomena. The factor of subjectivity, that is, a personal attitude to something, is very strong here. 
Logic leads to objectivity in our thinking. Simply put, it is the science of correct, true thinking. It has its own methods, laws and forms. The “cornerstone” for her is experience and knowledge, not emotions.
In order to come to simple conclusions, common sense is enough. But in difficult situations one cannot do without appropriate thinking, which helps to “work out” the most correct course of action even with a minimum of facts.
Important! The first exercises are best done one-time. For example, solve one crossword puzzle or play a few simple games of chess. This will be enough to get you started.
Logical thinking is a process in which a person resorts to logical concepts based on evidence and reasonableness. Its goal is to get a reasonable conclusion based on "givenness", that is, specific premises.
There are three types of logical reasoning:
- Figurative-logical. With it, the situation is, as it were, “played out” by the imagination, while we recall the images of the objects involved or the features of phenomena. Yes, you can call it imagination.
- Abstract. Here it is already more complicated, categories, objects or connections that do not exist in reality (that is, abstractions) are used.
- verbal in which people share their logical judgments with others. Here, not only the tendency to analyze is important, but also competent speech.
What is it for?
The ability to think logically is valuable for everyone, regardless of the type of activity. True, for some it is a means of obtaining a general, everyday conclusion, while others use formalized and strict logic (engineers, philosophers, mathematicians).
Did you know? Aristotle was the first to systematize knowledge of logic. The philosopher wrote a cycle of six works devoted to basic concepts and categories. This collection is known as the Organon.
Mind training helps:
- Faster and more accurate to draw the right conclusions even in;
- Calculate soberly, avoiding self-deception and not allowing yourself to be deceived;
- Fix your own mistakes and ;
- State your arguments clearly and concisely;
- Persuade the interlocutor, giving the necessary arguments.
Any of these points is worth thinking about working on your logical apparatus. Having mastered these techniques, you can quickly separate the necessary data from the verbal or documentary “husk”. There is also a psychological point: with such an “arsenal”, a person is not afraid of difficulties and confidently achieves academic success or career heights. Logical thinking: innate or acquired?
The ability to think logically is a trait that people acquire. This is confirmed by both psychologists and other specialists. No one is born with the gift of logical thinking already formed.
Even the simplest level, figurative-logical, manifests itself by the age of one and a half years, when they begin to analyze everything that surrounds them, and gradually separate the important from the secondary.
Such skills are often referred to as experiential skills, that is, those that are associated with personal experience. Unfortunately, templates are often added to them, which are “driven in” by the environment. This is how you lose your ability to think critically.Meanwhile, anyone can reach the level of abstraction. Often we talk about non-existent phenomena without even thinking about the fact that our logical apparatus is working hard at this time. 
Teachers and "techies" will confirm that own experience and regular training perfectly develops logic, even if a person was far from regular multi-level thinking. There would be a desire.
Can adults develop logical thinking?
It is possible and even necessary. The world is changing very quickly, and with the old “baggage” of knowledge, it can be difficult to think about something in a balanced way. Many people think that the basics received at school or university will be enough, but this is not entirely true.
It happens that the first levels are passed easily, and then it’s already “parking”. Do not despair, give a little rest, and the solution will surely come.
Do not be afraid to peep the answers (especially at the very beginning of classes). Knowing the input data and solutions, you can calculate a logical solution path and apply it to other situations.
Important! It also helps to read serious books - historical, philosophical or popular science. It’s not worth “swallowing” them hundreds of pages, read a little, pondering the information.
In many serious companies, HR specialists give candidates such problems in the course of the process, evaluating the speed of the solution and the reasoning of the answer. They can be both purely professional and without reference to the type of activity. So the logic will have to work. 
Board games
The first thing that comes to mind is chess. A leisurely game requires analysis and thoughtfulness, while reaction speed is not needed here. You can play with anyone, but it is better to choose a stronger opponent who can show the fastest and most effective combinations. After a few games, you will notice that you yourself are playing complex etudes, counting on a move - two ahead.
There are also a lot of other games - whole thematic sets are offered, based on the plots of popular books or TV shows. So you can have a great time with friends or family, at the same time keeping the logic “in good shape”.There are also plenty of such games for ingenuity. This is a great tool for those who are thinking about how to develop logic. Some of them come with a countdown, but this should not be annoying. 
All of them use the principle of "cause and effect". That is, the original data may have several solutions, but only one will be correct. For all the seeming simplicity, it will be difficult for an unprepared person at first - the answer options often seem mutually exclusive, although they are composed in such a way that, it seems, any one fits. This is the essence of training.
Did you know? One of the "fathers" of modern (or non-classical) logic is the Russian philosopher Nikolai Aleksandrovich Vasiliev. Having begun work back in tsarist times, already in 1918 he entered the list of "old" scientists recognized by the Soviet government.
The number of questions can be anything - from 10 or more, so you can "indulge" in such tasks even at lunchtime. 
Crosswords and puzzles
Everything is simple here. In an effort to fill in all the cells with the missing words, we “scroll” all our knowledge.
Japanese Sudoku is more difficult. You have to fill in the cells so that in each 3x3 square (and there are usually 9 of them), the numbers from 1 to 9 come across once, and with large lines and columns the same story. Start with the simplest, usually the difficulty is indicated in the task.
An excellent way would be to solve graphic crossword puzzles, at least the same Japanese ones. They have one solution in the form of a picture. It will turn out if you shade the cells correctly (focusing on the indicated numbers). Here, too, you can peep the solution and compare it with the initial data - it can be difficult to navigate right away.
You can try to make your own crossword puzzle. Guessing can be more difficult than looking for an answer, especially since you have to correlate the arrangement of letters and cells. 
The study of deduction and induction
In order not to complicate things, we immediately note that the deductive method provides for a conclusion from the general to the particulars, and induction, on the contrary, brings the scattered to the general.
Important! The diary helps to analyze the connection of events. To some, it seems archaic, but at times it is useful to re-read old entries and restore them in subsequent actions and “calculate” possible options their development.
Deduction- this is pure logic, but it has one weakness: the initial facts must be true. Here is an example of such a conclusion: “all racing cars are difficult for ordinary drivers”, “I am an ordinary driver”, therefore “I will not cope with a powerful car on the track”.In life, we often use inductive way, such reasoning is based on facts that may not be true. Then our conclusions have to be substantiated. Often this leads to hasty generalizations and wrong decisions. There is also the so-called incomplete induction, in which the conclusion significantly exceeds the "sum" of individual facts.
These abilities can be developed by mentally “chasing away” various everyday situations and cases. 
We develop logical thinking in children
When working with, you have to take into account their age. It is worth remembering this when thinking about how to develop logical thinking in a child.
At different stages of development, equally diverse logical methods are used:
- For the smallest (up to 3 years), clarity and simplicity are important. At this stage, the foundations are laid: kids learn to distinguish between different things and (objects for various purposes and cubes that are different in coloring are used).
Did you know? Mastering logical techniques at an early age sometimes leads to unusual results. For example, the legendary mathematician William Sidis consciously called himself an atheist at the age of six, which was a bold step for America at the beginning of the 20th century.
- At the age of 3-4 years, verbal-figurative logic is fixed. The easiest way is to draw with one extra object. The child is offered to tell why he is not suitable. You can also play with words.
- Before school (5 - 6 years old) they take the simplest tasks with numbers and graphic games, and complicate speech and question games;
- After 7 years, they try to improve their speech skills, develop the ability to generalize, analyze and search for cause-and-effect relationships. During this period, they move to abstractions.
Puzzles
They must be age appropriate. In this case, the child imagines what objects or phenomena are mentioned in the task. The main emphasis is on figurative thinking - in the form of a riddle, kids usually reveal new "facets" of the things around them.
This approach allows you to evaluate everything that happens in a multifaceted way. The most effective interval for such exercises is from 2 to 5 years.In any children's store There are many such sets on display. Again, choose based on age.
For kids, it is better to choose a set of large figures (the same cubes or balls). They do not contain elements that a child can inadvertently swallow. Assembling simple structures from them (snakes, houses, etc.), you activate the logical apparatus - the baby remembers specific traits and tries to recreate them. 
To the services of those who are older - prefabricated modules such as "Lego". Here you have to work according to the instructions, correlating the details with the image. The help of parents will be very helpful. Such sets have another plus - nodes can be combined. For example, to assemble another house or another car from “blocks”. It will only benefit by developing thinking.
It is more difficult with younger schoolchildren - it is not easy to tear modern children away from gadgets, and you will not interest them in banal cubes. This is where parents come into play. In stores you can see kits for assembling models of aircraft or ships. If you buy a set of initial complexity with a small number of parts, you can not only interest the child, but also spend more time with him - without the help of his father, he is unlikely to immediately collect what is in the picture.
Games
For kids, games with geometric shapes are suitable. Offer to find the extra one or collect the same ones. At the same time, ask how they differ.
Did you know? Collecting Rubik's cubes for speed began immediately after their appearance. The current record belongs to Colin Barnes (5.25 s). But the Brazilian Pereira Campagna, with a result of 25.14 s, is hardly inferior to him in skill - he collected the piece ... with his feet!
Here the association is also connected - by showing the figure, you can ask what it resembles. For spatial imagination, they are folded into the simplest structures such as a house.
Speech games are also important, especially those focused on the difference: “in spring it is warm, and in winter it is ...”. If this is a stage already passed, they name the objects and ask them to say which group they belong to. 
Older children can be shown the basics of playing chess or checkers. Explaining the move of the figures, you seem to provoke the child to try different variants. Simple "tic-tac-toe" should not be forgotten either.
Puzzles
Such logical "alphabets" lay the foundations of thinking. Their elements are made large and safe for children.
Popular types are dies that connect if the patterns on them match desired color or a letter. For example, one has a black cat
True, it is better to postpone complex monochromatic sections like the image of the sky - if it was not possible to collect it right away, the child may lose interest or lose faith in his strength.
We learned how to "develop" your logic skills and what it takes. As you can see, it is quite simple for both an adult and a child. Good luck in training!
Logical thinking- this is exactly what every person needs to develop and age does not matter here. Logic serves a person all his conscious life, it is with the help of it that we draw any conclusions and then make a decision. In addition, logic helps us to predict the consequences of our actions and the actions of other people, helps to foresee various life difficulties and be prepared to solve them. Development of logic should be one of the top priorities for everyone.
First, remember that logical thinking needs constant development. To develop logical thinking, you need to devote one hour a day to reading useful literature. If you read fiction, then you will not be able to develop logic with it. It is necessary to select books that have been written successful people. When reading literature, you should always think and reflect on what you are reading. Books should tell someone's success story, don't waste time on novels if you want to develop logic. For the development of logic are used various exercises, techniques and methods developed by experts. How to develop logical thinking?
It is very easy to find a worthy opponent in chess and play at least three games a day with him. Playing this game, your logic will constantly strain, and therefore develop. Remember, if you do not train logic, then it ceases to improve and you begin to degrade. Constantly train your logical thinking at least by playing chess. If chess seems too difficult for you for now, play checkers. This game has many variations and you can easily find a partner in the game.
An excellent game is also suitable for the development of logical thinking - Scrabble. The rules are very simple, you need to add words from the letters you have. There is a variation of this game in Russia Scrabble but the rules are stricter. These games develop not only logic but also memory.
Also in the development of logic daily solving will help you crosswords, puzzles, sudoku. This activity will not give rest to your brain. Devote a little time to solving one of any crossword a day and you will notice significant changes very soon.
Do an association exercise while walking down the street. For example, you saw a traffic light and start picking up various associations that arise in your head: traffic light - road - pedestrian - car - road signs - highway - truck - speed limits, etc.
To develop logic start writing various articles or even books on your own. To get started, pick the topics that interest you. Then you can move on to what you don't know. Keeping a diary may also help, but think about what you write. Choose your words and phrases carefully, write as if it were your memoirs, which may be published in the future.
Start solve problems for the development of logic. Now there are a lot of them on the Internet, just don’t start right away with complex ones. Try something easy to start with and gradually move on to more difficult ones. After a while, it will become easier for you and you will calmly build logical conclusions.
For the development of logical thinking it will be useful to create new crosswords and puzzles on your own. This way of developing logic is more difficult than the usual guessing of crossword puzzles. Your thinking will begin to work in the other direction, which will positively affect your logic.
Come up with different options for how it is possible to use the things familiar to us. For example, let's take a table, it can be used as a house, as a ladder, as a bench, etc. The more you come up with various options, all the better.
All of the above is not difficult to perform, but even interesting. Try to fulfill exercise every day and you will definitely succeed.
Frame from the cartoon "Despicable Me"
A child with a developed logical thinking stands out favorably among his peers - it will be easier for him to study, solve school and household tasks. talks about interesting working options for training logic in preschoolers and younger students.
For those who are preparing for the main school exam
It is interesting and effective to engage in the development of logic and thinking with a child at home. And you don't have to be a teacher or have any special knowledge to do it. Experts recommend alternating types of games to train different kinds thinking: visual-figurative and visual-effective, abstract-logical and verbal-logical, spatial, non-standard.
1. Oral games
Word games - very simple and affordable way develop a child's logical thinking, broaden their horizons and, of course, increase vocabulary. Choose games that teach you to identify analogies, generalize, distribute objects and phenomena into groups, and make logical connections.
- Play associations. Name an object and offer to name a similar one. Ask why the child chose him, what similarities he found.
- Come up with new endings for famous fairy tales.
- Compose stories, poems together: someone starts one line - the other continues in meaning
- Play "daneki": think of an object, phenomenon or character and invite the child to guess it by asking questions that can only be answered with "yes" or "no".
- Play "believe - do not believe." You say a phrase, for example, "all cats are red" or "watermelon is a berry." The task of the child is to answer, true statement or not. If the answers and solutions are ambiguous or there are several of them, this is even good. The main thing is that the child can logically justify the answer.
2. Look-take-write-draw
Children are mostly visual, so they like games with pictures, images. Classes using cards, paper and pens stimulate the development of figurative and logical thinking.
Here are some ideas for this type of activity:
- offer games for comparing and grouping objects by color, shape, size and other features;
- solve puzzles with matches - "remove one match to get another figure";
- make up stories from pictures;
- solve puzzles and puzzles on paper, go through mazes.
3. Board games
Colorful sets with drawings, figures, clear rules attract both children and adults. checkers, chess, sea battle, dominoes are time-tested classic games that will always be relevant and suitable for family vacation. They teach how to win and accept defeat beautifully, to enjoy communication and the game process.
In addition, chips and pictures from board games can be used for learning. Here are some ways.
- Invite the child to guess objects and toys by touch, by shape.
- Arrange figures or pictures according to the algorithm. For example, make sequences of them: ascending, descending, by color, size.
- Use dominoes and trominoes to learn counting, addition and subtraction.
4. Design
Children by nature are builders and creators. Games with the designer help develop motor skills, fine motor skills and creative thinking. Creation of buildings according to schemes, reproduction of ideas in reality develops spatial and structural-logical thinking.
It would be nice to find time for joint activities with the child and in this format. With the help of cubes, you can create very entertaining tasks.
5. Riddles and puzzles
This great way practice non-standard thinking and logic with children. The most understandable type of puzzles is oral, which have been passed down from generation to generation and have survived to this day.
To pump the child's imagination and spatial perception, use puzzles in the form of geometric shapes (Rubik's Cube, Tangram, Pentomino).
6. Chess problems
A good selection of problems on the chess field will introduce the child to chess pieces, the basic rules of the game and the coordinate plane. You can independently invent tasks on a chessboard or print ready-made ones from the Internet. Modern children may like the interactive format more.
Checkmate the black King in one move:
For example, our platform has more than 100 chess problems for beginners, from simple to complex.
7. Logic tasks
Perhaps the solution of logical problems is the most effective way development of logic and thinking. Books and manuals with tasks are convenient to take on the road. But their frequent drawback is the lack of consistency, a clear presentation of the theory and comments on the solution.
It is possible and necessary to develop and train logic and thinking different ways. The main task of the parent is to find and offer the child good games, educational sites or other interesting formats of activities that will stimulate the development of the child in the right direction. For example, you can study on the Logiclike.com online platform:
As well as "Shapes, scans and reflections", "True and falsehood", "Problems for movement" and more. The site has more than 3000 tasks, 15+ thematic categories, 3 levels of difficulty.
LogicLike to help - practice with pleasure and develop!
Thinking logically means separating the important from the unimportant, finding relationships and drawing conclusions, providing evidence and refutation, being convincing and not being gullible. And although during the course of life everyone uses this ability more than once, most people think in a stereotyped way, since they do not seek to develop logical thinking. They do not stimulate him, rarely resorting to logic, but it needs to be trained and this can be done almost from the cradle. You just need to know how to properly develop logical thinking, and first you need to understand how it works.
Each age has its own laws and types of logical thinking
For young children, it is not yet common to think about something abstractly, in the mind. The very first stages of the formation of logical thinking in children are visual-effective and visual-figurative. To comprehend - you need to see and touch.
Then verbal-logical thinking appears, when the child no longer needs to have in front of him what he says and thinks about. In adults, such logical thinking is transformed into the ability to study the task and set goals, develop a plan and ways to achieve it. The highest aerobatics of mental activity is the ability to think creatively, not to use ready-made knowledge, but to create new ones, to invent and invent.
Logic in life
Obviously, the last of the listed methods of logical thinking are extremely useful for successfully overcoming any difficulties. But many retreat before them, confident that they will not cope. What a delusion! Even if the task is difficult, you can always be creative in solving it. And for those who fail, numerous tools and exercises for the development of logical thinking will help: training, exercises, puzzles, games.
But first, the basic laws of logical thinking:
- First, it is never too early or too late to engage in its development. There is no need to wait for the child to grow up and learn to reason "in the mind", just as adults do not need to give up classes because of their age.
- Secondly, each level of mental activity has its own exercises for logical thinking, even if they seem too simple and primitive. The visual thinking of children is a stepping stone to the logical, and it cannot be ignored, immediately demanding abstract mental operations from the child.
- Thirdly, logic and imagination do not exclude or replace each other. Fantasy and imagination help, not hinder the development of mental abilities. Therefore, in addition to standard logical tasks, there are those that simultaneously stimulate the intellect, logic and imagination.
To develop means to play
Children do not think about how to develop their logical thinking, they just play. So let them get both benefit and pleasure from an easy and fun activity.
First of all, riddles. Any, for example, wonderful riddles-verses by Timofey Belozerov. The main thing is to let the children think for themselves or think with them, but do not prompt!
Another example of an exercise for the development of logical thinking: through images and pictures - take any children's picture and cut it into several parts. How younger child, the less details needed.
For older children - logical games with words. This is the search for the superfluous, and the combination of words into general groups according to certain signs, and guessing the intended objects through questions and answers. At the same time, the skills of generalization and classification, determining the properties of an object, and building logical connections are trained.
Exercises of a more complex level - the analysis of sayings and proverbs, the search for a common meaning in them, the search for patterns in the number series.
But it doesn't have to be complicated. Psychology teaches that logical thinking, like any skill, can be easily trained in a non-intrusive playful way. Therefore, even adults should not neglect games. And enough of them have been invented: chess, reversi (a game where you need to surround and appropriate opponent's chips), scrabble (composing as long words as possible) and the like. These entertainments stimulate strategic and tactical thinking, the ability to foresee the opponent's intention and the consequences of their actions. So developing logical thinking is not only useful, but also interesting.
"Cross out the excess"
For the lesson, you will need cards with rows of 4-5 words or numbers.
The child, after reading the series, must determine what common feature unites most of the words or numbers of the series, and find one extra. Then he must explain his choice.
Option 1
Words are combined in meaning.
Pan Pan,ball , plate.
Pen,doll , notebook, ruler.
Shirt,shoes , sweater dress.
Chair, sofa, stool,closet.
Happy,bold , joyful, happy.
Red Green,dark , blue, orange.
Bus, wheel, trolleybus, tram, bike.
Option 2
Words are not united by meaning, but by formal features (for example, they begin with one letter, with a vowel, there is the same prefix, the same number of syllables, one part of speech, etc.). When compiling such a series, you need to make sure that only one sign matches. The exercise requires high level attention development.
phone, fog,port , tourist. (Three words begin with the letter "T".)
April, performance, teacher,snow , rain. (Four words end in "b".)
Wall, paste,notebook , legs, arrows. (In four words, the stress falls on the first syllable.)
drawing, power, wind, life, minute. (In four words, the second letter is "I".)
Option 3
16, 25, 73, 34 (73 is extra, for the rest the sum of the digits is 7)
5, 8, 10, 15 (8 is extra, the rest are divisible by 5)
64, 75, 86, 72 (72 is extra, the rest of the numbers have a difference of 2)
87, 65, 53, 32 (53 is too much, the rest have the first digit more than the second by 1)
3, 7, 11, 14 (14 is extra, the rest are odd)
"Invisible Words"
For the lesson, you will need to type words in which the letters are mixed.
For example, there was the word "book", it became - "nkagi". This evil sorceress got angry and made all the words invisible. It is necessary to return each word to its former, correct form. Completing a task requires a high concentration of attention. During the exercise, the ability to analyze the material is trained.
Option 1
Restore the correct order of letters in words.
Dubrzha, kluka, balnok, leon, gona, sug.
Selnots, imza, chenite, tarm, myase.
Pmisyo, kroilk, bubaksha, stovefor, bomeget.
Kovora, kirutsa, shakok, sakob.
Option 2
To make it more interesting for the child to complete the task, you can group the words into columns so that after deciphering the first letters of correctly spelled words will also form a word.
Write the invisible words correctly and read the new tree, consisting of the first letters of the deciphered words.
PTLAOK -
CHREKA -
GIRA-
VDUZOH -
ADE-
BRUAT -
Answer: hello.
VAUD -
URVAK -
CHICO -
CSSLA -
Answer: lesson.
KSOTMU -
LEWY -
OFF -
OKNEA -
Answer: cinema.
POSEK -
SHOW -
KODCHA -
AVSUTG-
CHER -
OBADI -
KHUKYAN -
Answer: a gift.
Option 3
Restore the correct order of the letters in the words and find among them one superfluous in meaning.
1. Here are invisible animals, but one word is superfluous (perch).
Yazats, devmed, black, nokyu, dexterous.
2. Here are invisible flowers, but one word is superfluous (birch).
Pyualtn, Zora, Bzerea, Snarsits, Lydnash.
3. Here the trees are invisible, but one word is superfluous (acorn).
Oinsa, bdu, zhuldier, nelk.
Option 4
Find another in one word by rearranging the letters.
1. Find the invisible animals by swapping the letters in the words.
Strength, salt, jar, peony.
2. Find the invisible game in the word.
Cone.
3. Find an invisible tree in the word.
Pump.
4. Find an item of invisible clothing in the word.
Bast shoes.
5. Find the invisible flower in the word.
Midge.
Option 5
There are many invisible words hidden in one word. For example, in the very word "word" several words are hidden: hair, solo, ox and fishing. Try to find as many invisible words as possible in the words:
pillow
keyboard
rocket
score
present
parents
"Another Letter"
In this exercise, riddles and tasks are given, according to the conditions of which, by replacing one letter in a word, you can get a new word. The number of letters in words cannot be changed. For example: oak - tooth, dream - catfish, steam - feast.
Option 1
Guess riddles.
They can put us at school
If we don't know anything.
Well, if with the letter "T",
He meows at you.(count - cat)
Anyone will pass through it.
With the letter "P" - it pours from the forehead.(half sweat)
If "K" - the hostess is crying.
If "G" - the horse is galloping.(bow - meadow)
With "R" - she is an actor,
With "C" - everyone needs it in the kitchen.(role - salt)
With the letter "D" - the entrance to the apartment,
With the letter "3" - lives in the forest.(door is a beast)
With "D" - mom dresses up in a dress,
With "N" - at this time they fall asleep.(daughter - night)
With "L" - the goalkeeper did not help out,
With "D" - we change the calendar. (goal - year)
With the letter "K" - she is in a swamp,
With "P" - you will find it on a tree.(bump - kidney)
With "T" - he is on fire with food,
With "3" - with horns, with a beard.(boiler - goat)
With "R" - and hide and seek, and football.
With "L" - she is given an injection. (game - needle)
Option 2
Words with one missing letter are given. Form as many words as possible, substituting one letter for the gap, as in the sample.
Sample: ...ol - role, salt, mole, pain, zero.
Ro... -
Glasses -
Ba... -
Ar -
Ara -
Aika -
Yen -
Ohm -
Option 3
Get from one word to another through a chain of words by replacing one letter at each stage. For example, how to get the word "goal" from the word "smoke"? It is necessary to make several transformations: smoke - house - com - count - goal. Only nouns can be used in the chain, only one letter changes each time. Performing this exercise, the child learns to analyze and predict the result. It is desirable to reach the goal in the least number of moves, that is, the one with the shortest chain wins.
Get from the word "moment" the word "steam", from the word "cheese" the word "mouth", from the word "house" the word "ball", from the word "moment" the word "hour".
"Houses"
Performing mathematical tasks forms logical thinking. We offer the game "Houses", the content of which can become more complicated depending on the level of knowledge of the child.
Option 1
Put one of the signs of mathematical operations in the free window of the house so as to get a number on the roof.
Option 2
Put one of the signs of mathematical operations in the free windows of the house to get the number on the roof as a result. There are several possible solutions for these tasks.
"Puzzles"
We suggest you teach children to solve puzzles. This lesson perfectly develops logical thinking, methods of analysis and synthesis. To learn how to solve puzzles, you need to familiarize yourself with the special rules for compiling them.
Basic rules for solving puzzles
1. A noun is guessed in the nominative case.
2. Parts of a word are sometimes depicted with drawings or symbols. They may be read in different ways. For example: 1 - unit, count, one. All options need to be checked.
3. Commas before a picture or symbol indicate the number of letters to be discarded from the beginning of the word indicated by the picture or symbol. For instance: ,☆ - reads like "riding".
4. Commas after a picture or symbol indicate the number of letters to be discarded from the end of the word indicated by the picture or symbol.
5. If equality is indicated above the figure, for example A \u003d And, then the letter A must be replaced with And.
6. If the equality 2 = And is indicated, then the second letter in the word must be replaced with And.
7. Letters or drawings may be depicted inside other letters, above them, below them, behind them and on them. This is how the parts of the words “in”, “above”, “under”, “for”, “on” are denoted.
8. The numbers above the figures mean a change in the order of the letters in the word.
Use the rules to solve puzzles.
"Addition and Subtraction"
To develop the ability to think logically, we offer exciting examples of addition and subtraction. These are special examples that do not use numbers familiar to the child, but words. With them, you need to perform mathematical operations, after guessing the original word and writing the answers in brackets. Here is a sample solution for such examples.
Addition
Given: boo + shade = unopened flower
Solution: bu + tone = bud
Subtraction
Given: mode of transport - o = unit of measurement Solution: metro - o = meter
Option 1
Replace the words in brackets with the ones you need to use addition to get the correct equality.
b + food = bad luck
k + insect = girl's hairstyle
y + bad weather with rain = danger
y + Vacation home= success
o + opponent = long hole
y + child-girl = angler's tackle
o + tool = edge of the forest
c + animal hair = distributed during fun
y + one = done to the patient
m + fish soup = insect
y + ball in goal = in triangle
for + country house = needs a decision
ka + reward = whim
o + settlement = piece of land
av + tomato = weapon
ba + shade = White bread
ob + for scooping up food = on a notebook and on a book
ku + for nails \u003d hand with fingers pressed to the palms
ko + played by actor = monarch
by + misfortune = success in battle
at + pine forest = apparatus
at + battle = waves near the shore
Answers : misfortune, scythe, threat, luck, ravine, fishing rod, edge, laughter, prick, fly, angle, task, whim, vegetable garden, automatic machine, loaf, cover, fist, king, victory, device, surf.
Option 2
Replace the words in brackets with the ones you need to use subtraction to get the correct equality.
vessel - a \u003d money is stored there
moralizing poem - nya = deep voice
underwear - s = afraid of everything
tomato - at = separate book
shallow place in the river - b \u003d they are written on the blackboard
strong fear - great master = snake
bird - pronoun = criminal
military unit - k \u003d we walk on it at home
facial hair of a man - solemn verse = pine forest
bird - eye = garbage
flower - with = game
fantasy - ta = knight's weapon
you can cook in it - ate = pet
on the neck in winter - f = geometric figure
young plant- ok = person's height
the goalkeeper is standing in them - a = on clothes around the neck
sport - c = body has right and left
Answers: bank, bass, coward, volume, chalk, already, thief, floor, boron, rubbish, lotto, sword, cat, ball, growth, gate, side.
"Next Number"
The ability to compare and analyze is well developed when performing tasks in which it is required to identify patterns. We suggest using series of numbers for this. The child needs to find a pattern within a series of numbers and continue it following the same logic.
3, 5, 7, 9 ... . (Row of odd numbers, next number 11.)
16, 22, 28, 34 ... . (Each next number is 6 more than the previous one, the next number is 40.)
55, 48, 41, 34 ... . (Each next number is less than the previous one by 7, the next number is 27.)
12, 21, 16, 61, 25 .... (In each pair of numbers, the numbers are reversed, the next number is 52.)
"Definitions"
Each object or phenomenon has many signs, but we do not always notice them. When performing this task, the child must look at objects and phenomena from different angles.
The exercise can be performed individually or collectively, in the form of a competition.
Option 1
Come up with as many definitions as possible that characterize objects or phenomena. (The task trains analysis skills, as it is necessary to distinguish parts from a whole.)
Snow - cold, fluffy, light, white, lacy, iridescent, thick, beautiful, etc.
River -
Firework -
Clouds -
Kitten -
Rainbow -
Option 2
Think over the listed definitions and guess the object or phenomenon that they characterize. (This option is more difficult, when performing synthesis skills are trained: it is necessary to combine all the signs and determine which subject they refer to. The hint is the gender of adjectives and participles.)
Gusty, hurricane, warm, piercing - wind.
Dark, quiet, moonlit, black - ... (night).
Long, asphalt, forest, broken - ... (road).
Kind, caring, beloved, beautiful - ... (mother).
Short, long, cut, shiny - ... (hair).
Magical, interesting, folk, kind - ... (fairy tale).
Strong, fragrant, sweet, hot - ... (tea).
Hot, cheerful, long-awaited, sunny - ... (summer).
Loyal, shaggy, noisy, beloved - ... (dog).
Round, bright, yellow, hot - ... (sun).
"Confusion-2"
This exercise contains sentences in which some words are mixed up or replaced. In order to complete tasks, you need to use logical thinking.
Option 1
Due to unforeseen circumstances, one word disappeared from the sentence, and an inappropriate, random word took its place. Put things in order in each sentence: delete a random word and return the correct word.
I overslept this morning, I was in a hurry, but, unfortunately, I came to schoolbefore. (with delay)
I boughtlong loaf , presented it to the conductor and got on the train, (ticket)
It was hot outside, so Masha put onfur coat (sundress)
On the roof of my grandmother's housestick from which smoke came out when the stove was heated. (pipe)
Whenit dawned , we began to look into the night sky, looking at the stars and the moon. (it got dark)
I like to swim on the beach and wallow on pavement.(sand)
Option 2
And in these sentences, the words changed places, and it became very difficult to understand what was being said. Restore the correct word order in the sentences.
My friends on the children's playground were playing.
Five in the Russian language I received a lesson.
Aquarium fish are interesting to watch life.
I made all for gifts to relatives.
It was quiet on the street after fresh and thunderstorms.
You can see stars in the falling night sky in August.
"Assignments with text"
To complete the exercise, prepare excerpts from the texts.
Completing tasks with texts perfectly develops logical thinking. In this exercise, we present several options for such tasks. They apply to any passages unfamiliar to the child. literary works(fairy tales, stories, etc.).
Option 1
Read the passage and invite the child to come up with 5-7 headings for it. They should reflect the main content and be original. Tell the child that you can use the words from the text. If the exercise is performed by several people, then it can be carried out in the form of a competition.
Option 2
Read a passage consisting of 10-15 sentences and ask them to convey its content in 2-3 sentences, that is, to do brief retelling. This exercise will form the child's ability to generalize the material, to highlight the main thing. Such tasks are useful for the development of logical thinking.
Option 3
Read the passage to the child, skipping the middle part, which the child must complete. The logical connection of the insert invented by the child with the beginning and end of the original text is evaluated.
Option 4
Read the passage and invite the child to come up with a continuation of the text. This task develops both imagination and logical thinking, since the content of the continuation must be justified by the previous events described in the passage.
"Pantomime"
This game perfectly develops logical thinking. What is pantomime? Pantomime is a performance using facial expressions and gestures, without words. The minimum number of participants is 5, one of them is the leader, the rest are divided into two teams. The facilitator guesses the words, monitors compliance with the rules and awards points for correct execution tasks. Teams take turns playing the game.
The leader goes out with a member of the first team from the room in which the rest of the players are, and calls the word. For example "bath". The player must, with the help of pantomime,
show the given word to your team, whose members can ask questions. The demonstrator cannot answer, but can only nod his head or use other gestures. Its goal is to show a given object or phenomenon in such a way that the team can quickly guess. The facilitator may limit the time for pantomime. For each word guessed by the team, 1 point is awarded. Then the task is given to the second team. The game can be played with three participants, one of which is the leader. Then points are not awarded, but words are simply guessed.
All the exercises and games that are offered in this article will help children master the techniques of logical thinking, learn to think logically on practical material. The gradual complication of tasks allows you to develop logical thinking. This will help the child at school, make the process of mastering knowledge easier, more interesting and more successful.
Help the child explain the essence of the tasks and examples of their implementation, which are given in the exercises.
The exercises proposed in the book will allow the child to independently compare, analyze, synthesize, classify.
Having mastered the skills of logical thinking, the child will learn to draw conclusions, think clearly and clearly, solve any problems. This is the surest way to excellent study!
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