Sergei Yesenin biography briefly the most important. Yesenin's biography: interesting facts from life

30.09.2019

Very often parents are looking for short biography of Yesenin for children We will try to help in this matter as well.

The great poet of all times and peoples, Sergei Yesenin, remained in the memory not only of the Russian people, but of the whole world, not only as a legendary creative person, but also as a man of unprecedented beauty, who knows how to lyrically and beautiful words break people's hearts. Especially what attracts fans of his work is his unsurpassed gift of poetry. His masterpieces are like a musical stream that flows from the very heart and soul, in which there is a great love for the Motherland and its vast expanses. And how much regret and despair is caused by the fact that such a magnificent nature was able to devote herself to people for such a short time, because the heart contracts with pain, thinking about how much more creative treasures the poet could give us if he had not left this world in the very dawn of strength and talent.

Sergei Yesenin was born on September 21, 1895 in an ordinary peasant family and from an early age had a delicate and vulnerable soul and temperament. His mother and father lived in the village of Konstantinov, but he was raised by his maternal grandfather. It is he, being prosperous and smart person, who loves books, taught the still very young Yesenin to love nature and art, which later became one of the main themes of his creative activity.

Yesenin's biography is the life of an active and purposeful person. Despite his enormous talent and mental abilities, Yesenin had only four classes of education at a rural school. In 1912, in search of work, he moved to the capital of our country, Moscow. The bookstore and printing house became his first place of work. At the same time, the poet actively attends musical literary societies and lecture classes.

In 1914, the first works of the young but talented poet saw the light when they began to be published in the editorial offices of the capital. Just a year later, in the northern capital of our country, he meets with S. Gorodetsky, A. Blok and Klyuev, who had a huge impact on Yesenin's work. The literary life of the capital received him with love. Two years later, Sergei Yesenin released his first collected works called "Radunitsa". passed military service in the royal troops, but still devoted a lot of time to his work.

studying brief bibliography of Yesenin for children, it is impossible to miss the fact that this man was a constant object of attention of women and was very popular with them due to his beauty, both external and words. For some time, Sergei Yesenin lived in a civil marriage with Anna Izryadnova and they had a son, Yuri. In the period from 1917 to 1921 he led a family life with his wife Zinaida Reich. In this marriage, he had a daughter and a son. Isadora Duncan, a well-known dancer, was his next wife. The life of the poet was filled with loneliness and depression, despite the fact that he was constantly surrounded by female attention.

Sergei Yesenin visited many parts of not only his homeland, but also the world. During his travels he created numerous works. A dynamic life, trips, hiding from himself and from power, destroyed his last marriage with Sophia Tolstaya, who was the granddaughter of a well-known writer. Although their family broke up, this woman continued to devote her life to the memory of the poet and wrote a huge number of memoirs about him, which should definitely be noted in Yesenin's brief biography.

Yesenin's biography is amazing, but rather short, because it ended in 1925, when he was only thirty years old. The last point of his wanderings and creative activity was the Vagankovskoye cemetery in Moscow.

Yesenin - Sergei Alexandrovich (1895-1925), Russian poet. From the first collections ("Radunitsa", 1916; "Rural Book of Hours", 1918) he appeared as a subtle lyricist, a master of a deeply psychologized landscape, a singer of peasant Russia, an expert in the folk language and folk soul. In 1919-23 he was a member of a group of Imagists. Tragic attitude, spiritual confusion are expressed in the cycles "Mare's Ships" (1920), "Moscow Tavern" (1924), the poem "The Black Man" (1925). In the poem "The Ballad of Twenty-Six" (1924), dedicated to the Baku commissars, the collection "Soviet Russia" (1925), the poem "Anna Snegina" (1925), Yesenin sought to comprehend the "commune rearing Russia", although he continued to feel like a poet "Russia leaving ”, “golden log hut”. Dramatic poem "Pugachev" (1921).

Childhood and youth

Born into a peasant family, as a child he lived in the family of his grandfather. Among Yesenin's first impressions are spiritual poems sung by wandering blind men and grandmother's tales. After graduating with honors from the Konstantinovsky four-year school (1909), he continued his studies at the Spas-Klepikovskaya teacher's school (1909-12), from which he graduated as a "teacher of the literacy school." In the summer of 1912, Yesenin moved to Moscow, for some time he served in a butcher's shop, where his father worked as a clerk. After a conflict with his father, he left the shop, worked in a book publishing house, then in the printing house of I. D. Sytin; during this period he joined the revolutionary workers and was under police surveillance. At the same time, Yesenin was studying at the historical and philosophical department of Shanyavsky University (1913-15).

Literary debut and success

Composing poetry from childhood (mainly in imitation of A. V. Koltsov, I. S. Nikitin, S. D. Drozhzhin), Yesenin finds like-minded people in the Surikov Literary and Musical Circle, of which he becomes a member in 1912. He begins to print in 1914 in Moscow children's magazines (the debut of the poem "Birch"). In the spring of 1915, Yesenin arrived in Petrograd, where he met A. A. Blok, S. M. Gorodetsky, A. M. Remizov, N. S. Gumilyov and others, became close to N. A. Klyuev, who had a significant influence on him . Their joint performances with poems and ditties, stylized as a "peasant", "folk" manner (Yesenin appeared to the public as a golden-haired young man in an embroidered shirt and morocco boots), were a great success.

Military service

In the first half of 1916, Yesenin was drafted into the army, but thanks to the efforts of his friends, he was appointed (“with the highest permission”) as an orderly to the Tsarskoye Selo military hospital train No. 143 of Her Imperial Majesty Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, which allows him to freely visit literary salons, visit at receptions with patrons, to perform at concerts. At one of the concerts in the infirmary, to which he was seconded (here the sisters of mercy the empress and the princess served), he meets with royal family. At the same time, together with N. Klyuev, they perform, dressed in ancient Russian costumes, sewn according to the sketches of V. Vasnetsov, at the evenings of the Society for the Revival of Artistic Russia at Feodorovsky Town in Tsarskoye Selo, and are also invited to Moscow to Grand Duchess Elizabeth. Together with the royal couple in May 1916, Yesenin visited Evpatoria as a train attendant. This was the last trip of Nicholas II to the Crimea.

"Radunitsa"

Yesenin's first collection of poems "Radunitsa" (1916) is enthusiastically welcomed by critics, who found a fresh stream in it, noting the author's youthful spontaneity and natural taste. In the poems of "Radunitsa" and subsequent collections ("Dove", "Transfiguration", "Country Book of Hours", all 1918, etc.), Yesenin's special "anthropomorphism" is formed: animals, plants, natural phenomena, etc. are humanized by the poet, forming together with people connected by roots and all their nature with nature, a harmonious, holistic, beautiful world. At the junction of Christian imagery, pagan symbolism and folklore stylistics, paintings of Yesenin's Russia, painted with a subtle perception of nature, are born, where everything: a heating stove and a dog's shelter, unmowed hayfields and marshy swamps, the hubbub of mowers and the snoring of a herd becomes the object of the poet's reverent, almost religious feeling ("I I pray for scarlet dawns, I take communion by the stream").

Revolution

In early 1918 Yesenin moved to Moscow. Encouraged by the revolution, he writes several short poems (The Jordanian Dove, Inonia, The Heavenly Drummer, all 1918, etc.), imbued with a joyful foreboding of the "transformation" of life. God-fighting moods are combined in them with biblical imagery to indicate the scale and significance of the events taking place. Yesenin, singing the new reality and its heroes, tried to match the time (Cantata, 1919). In later years, he wrote "Song of the Great Campaign", 1924, "Captain of the Earth", 1925, etc.). Reflecting on “where the fate of events is taking us,” the poet turns to history (dramatic poem Pugachev, 1921).

Imagism

Searches in the field of imagery bring Yesenin closer to A. B. Mariengof, V. G. Shershenevich, R. Ivnev, at the beginning of 1919 they united in a group of imagists; Yesenin becomes a regular at the Pegasus Stable, a literary cafe of the Imagists at the Nikitsky Gates in Moscow. However, the poet only partly shared their platform - the desire to clear the form from the "dust of content". His aesthetic interests are turned to the patriarchal rural way of life, folk art, the spiritual fundamental principle of the artistic image (treatise "Keys of Mary", 1919). Already in 1921, Yesenin appeared in the press criticizing the "clown's antics for the sake of the antics" of the "brothers"-Imagists. Gradually artsy metaphors leave his lyrics.

"Moscow tavern"

In the early 1920s in Yesenin's poems, motifs of “life torn apart by a storm” appear (in 1920, a marriage with Z.N. Reich, which lasted about three years, broke up), drunken prowess, replaced by anguished melancholy. The poet appears as a hooligan, a brawler, a drunkard with a bloodied soul, hobbling "from brothel to brothel", where he is surrounded by "alien and laughing rabble" (collections "Confessions of a Hooligan", 1921; "Moscow Tavern", 1924).

Isadora

An event in Yesenin's life was a meeting with the American dancer Isadora Duncan (autumn 1921), who six months later became his wife. A joint trip to Europe (Germany, Belgium, France, Italy) and America (May 1922 August 1923), accompanied by noisy scandals, shocking antics of Isadora and Yesenin, exposed their "mutual misunderstanding", aggravated by the literal absence common language(Yesenin did not speak foreign languages, Isadora learned several dozen Russian words). Upon returning to Russia, they parted.

Poems of recent years

Yesenin returned to his homeland with joy, a sense of renewal, a desire "to be a singer and a citizen ... in the great states of the USSR." During this period (1923-25) his best lines are created: the poems “The golden grove dissuaded ...”, “Letter to mother”, “We are now leaving little by little ...”, the cycle “Persian motives”, the poem “Anna Snegina” and others. The main place in his poems still belongs to the theme of the motherland, which is now acquiring dramatic shades. The once united harmonious world of Yesenin's Russia splits into two: "Soviet Russia", "Russia leaving". The motif of the competition between the old and the new, outlined in the poem “Sorokoust” (1920) (“the red-maned foal” and “the cast-iron train on its paws”) is being developed in the poems of recent years: fixing the signs of a new life, welcoming “stone and steel”, Yesenin more and more feels like a singer of a “golden log hut”, whose poetry “is no longer needed here” (collections “Soviet Russia”, “Soviet Country”, both 1925). The emotional dominant of the lyrics of this period are autumn landscapes, motives for summing up, farewell.

tragic ending

One of his last works was the poem "Country of Scoundrels" in which he denounced the Soviet regime. After that, persecution began in the newspapers, accusing him of drunkenness, fights, etc. The last two years of Yesenin's life were spent in constant traveling: hiding from prosecution, he travels to the Caucasus three times, travels to Leningrad several times, seven times to Konstantinovo. At the same time, he is once again trying to start a family life, but his union with S.A. Tolstoy (the granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy) was not happy. At the end of November 1925, due to the threat of arrest, he had to go to a neuropsychiatric clinic. Sofia Tolstaya agreed with Professor P.B. Gannushkin about the poet's hospitalization in paid clinic Moscow University. The professor promised to provide him with a separate ward where Yesenin could do literary work. Employees of the GPU and the police ran off their feet, looking for the poet. Only a few people knew about his hospitalization in the clinic, but there were informants. On November 28, security officers rushed to the director of the clinic, Professor P.B. Gannushkin and demanded the extradition of Yesenin, but he did not extradite his countryman for reprisal. The clinic is being monitored. After waiting for a moment, Yesenin interrupts the course of treatment (left the clinic in a group of visitors) and leaves for Leningrad on December 23. On the night of December 28, in the Angleterre Hotel, Sergei Yesenin is killed by staging suicide.

Yesenin's autobiography dated May 14, 1922

I am the son of a peasant. Born in 1895 on September 21 in the Ryazan province. Ryazan district. Kuzminskaya volost. From the age of two, due to the poverty of my father and the large number of my family, I was given up for education to a rather prosperous maternal grandfather, who had three adult unmarried sons, with whom almost all of my childhood passed. My uncles were mischievous and desperate guys. For three and a half years they put me on a horse without a saddle and immediately put me into a gallop. I remember that I was crazy and held on to the withers very tightly. Then I was taught to swim. One uncle (Uncle Sasha) took me to the boat, drove away from the shore, took off my clothes and, like a puppy, threw me into the water. I clumsily and frightenedly clapped my hands, and until I choked, he kept shouting: “Oh, bitch! Well, where are you fit? "Bitch" he had an affectionate word. After about eight years, I often replaced a hunting dog for another uncle, swimming in the lakes for shot ducks. Very well I was taught to climb trees. None of the boys could compete with me. For many who were disturbed by rooks at noon after plowing, I removed their nests from birch trees, a dime apiece. Once he broke loose, but very successfully, scratching only his face and stomach and breaking a jug of milk that he was carrying to his grandfather for mowing.

Among the boys, I have always been a horse-breeder and a big brawler, and I always walked around in scratches. For mischief, only one grandmother scolded me, and grandfather sometimes provoked me to fisticuffs and often told my grandmother: “Don’t touch him, you fool. He'll be stronger that way." Grandmother loved me with all her might, and her tenderness knew no bounds. On Saturdays I was washed, my nails were cut, and my head was shirred with garlic oil, because not a single comb took curly hair. But the oil did little to help. I always yelled with a good obscenity, and even now I have some kind of unpleasant feeling by Saturday. On Sundays I was always sent to mass and. to check that I was at mass, they gave 4 kopecks. Two kopecks for the prosphora and two for the removal of parts to the priest. I bought prosphora and instead of the priest made three marks on it with a penknife, and for the other two kopecks I went to the cemetery to play piggy with the guys.

This is how my childhood went. When I grew up, they really wanted to make a village teacher out of me, and therefore they sent me to a closed church teacher's school, after graduating from which, at the age of sixteen, I had to enter the Moscow Teachers' Institute. Fortunately, this did not happen. I was so fed up with the methodology and didactics that I didn’t even want to listen. I started writing poetry early, about nine years old, but I attribute conscious creativity to 16-17 years. Some of the poems of these years are placed in the "Radunitsa".

At the age of eighteen I was surprised, having sent my poems to magazines, by the fact that they were not being published, and suddenly burst into St. Petersburg. I was received very warmly there. The first one I saw was Blok, the second was Gorodetsky. When I looked at Blok, sweat dripped from me, because for the first time I saw a living poet. Gorodetsky introduced me to Klyuev, whom I had never heard a word about before. With Klyuev, despite all our internal strife, a great friendship began between us, which continues to this day despite the fact that we have not seen each other for six years. He now lives in Vytegra, writes to me that he eats bread with chaff, drinking empty boiling water and praying to God for a shameful death.

During the years of war and revolution, fate pushed me from side to side. I traveled far and wide across Russia, from the Arctic Ocean to the Black and Caspian Seas, from the West to China, Persia and India. Most the best time in my life I consider 1919. Then we spent the winter in 5 degrees of room cold. We didn't have any firewood. I have never been a member of the RCP, because I feel much more to the left. My favorite writer is Gogol. Books of my poems: "Radunitsa", "Dove", "Transfiguration", "Rural Book of Hours", "Treryadnitsa", "Confession of a Hooligan" and "Pugachev". I am currently working on big thing under the name "Country of villains". In Russia, when there was no paper, I printed my poems together with Kusikov and Mariengof on the walls of the Strastnoy Monastery or simply read it somewhere on the boulevard. The best admirers of our poetry are prostitutes and bandits. We are all in great friendship with them. The Communists do not like us because of a misunderstanding. Behind this, to all my readers, the lowest hello and a little attention to the sign: “Please do not shoot!”

Yesenin's autobiography from 1923

Born 1895 October 4th. The son of a peasant in the Ryazan province., Ryazan district, the village of Konstantinov. Childhood passed among the fields and steppes.

He grew up under the supervision of his grandmother and grandfather. Grandmother was religious, she dragged me around the monasteries. At home she gathered all the crippled who sing spiritual verses from “Lazar” to “Mikola” in Russian villages. Ros was mischievous and naughty. There was a brawler. Grandfather himself sometimes forced me to fight so that he would be stronger.

Poetry began to compose early. Grandma gave pushes. She told stories. I did not like some fairy tales with bad endings, and I remade them in my own way. Poetry began to write, imitating ditties. I had little faith in God. I did not like to go to church. At home they knew this and, in order to test me, they gave 4 kopecks for the prosphora, which I had to carry to the altar to the priest for the ritual of taking out the parts. The priest made 3 cuts on the prosphora and took 2 kopecks for it. Then I learned to do this procedure myself with a penknife, and 2 kopecks. he put it in his pocket and went to play in the cemetery with the boys, to play money. Once my grandfather figured it out. There was a scandal. I ran away to another village to my aunt and did not show up until they forgave me.

He studied at a closed teacher's school. At home they wanted me to be a village teacher. When they took me to school, I missed my grandmother terribly and one day I ran home for more than 100 miles on foot. They scolded the house and took it back.

After school, from the age of 16 to 17 he lived in the village. At the age of 17 he left for Moscow and entered the Shanyavsky University as a volunteer. At the age of 19 he came to St. Petersburg on his way to Revel to visit his uncle. I went to Blok, Blok brought Gorodetsky, and Gorodetsky with Klyuev. My poems made a big impression. All the best magazines of that time (1915) began to publish me, and in the fall (1915) my first book, Radunitsa, appeared. Much has been written about her. Everyone unanimously said that I was a talent. I knew it better than others. For "Radunitsa" I released "Dove", "Transfiguration", "Country Book of Hours", "Keys of Mary", "Treryadnitsa", "Confession of a hooligan", "Pugachev". The Country of Scoundrels and Moscow Tavern will soon be out of print.

Extremely individual. With all the foundations on the Soviet platform.

In 1916 he was called up for military service. With some patronage of Colonel Loman, adjutant of the Empress, he was presented with many benefits. He lived in Tsarskoye near Razumnik Ivanov. At the request of Loman, he once read poetry to the empress. After reading my poems, she said that my poems are beautiful, but very sad. I told her that all of Russia is like that. He referred to poverty, climate, and so on. The revolution found me at the front in one of the disciplinary battalions, where I landed because I refused to write poems in honor of the tsar. He refused, consulting and seeking support in Ivanov-Razumnik. During the revolution, he arbitrarily left Kerensky's army and, living as a deserter, worked with the Socialist-Revolutionaries not as a party member, but as a poet.

During the split of the party, he went with the left group and in October was in their fighting squad. He left Petrograd together with the Soviet authorities. In Moscow, in 18, he met with Mariengof, Shershenevich and Ivnev.

The urgent need to put into practice the power of the image prompted us to publish the manifesto of the Imagists. We were the initiators of a new era in the era of art, and we had to fight for a long time. During our war, we renamed the streets after ourselves and painted the Strastnoy Monastery with the words of our poems.

1919-1921 traveled around Russia: Murman, Solovki, Arkhangelsk, Turkestan, the Kyrgyz steppes, the Caucasus, Persia, Ukraine and Crimea. In 1922, he flew by airplane to Koenigsberg. Traveled throughout Europe and North America. I am most satisfied with the fact that I returned to Soviet Russia. What happens next remains to be seen.

Yesenin's autobiography dated June 20, 1924

I was born in 1895 on September 21 in the village of Konstantinov, Kuzminskaya volost, Ryazan province. and Ryazan district. My father is a peasant Alexander Nikitich Yesenin, my mother is Tatyana Fedorovna.

He spent his childhood with his maternal grandfather and grandmother in another part of the village, which is called. matt. My first memories date back to when I was three or four years old. I remember the forest, the big ditch road. Grandmother goes to the Radovetsky Monastery, which is 40 versts from us. I, grabbing her stick, can hardly drag my legs from fatigue, and my grandmother keeps saying: “Go, go, berry, God will give happiness.” Blind people often gathered at our house, wandering through the villages, singing spiritual verses about the beautiful paradise, about Lazar, about Mikol and about the groom, the bright guest from the city of the unknown. The nanny is an old woman who took care of me, told me fairy tales, all those fairy tales that all peasant children listen to and know. Grandfather sang old songs to me, so viscous, mournful. On Saturdays and Sundays he shared the Bible and sacred history with me.

My street life was different from my home life. My peers were mischievous guys. With them, I climbed together in other people's gardens. I ran away for 2-3 days to the meadows and ate, together with the shepherds, the fish that we caught in small lakes, first muddying the water with our hands, or broods of ducklings. After, when I returned, I often flew.

In the family we had a fit uncle, except for my grandmother, grandfather and my nanny. He loved me very much, and we often went with him to the Oka to water the horses. At night, when the weather is calm, the moon stands upright in the water. When the horses drank, it seemed to me that they were about to drink the moon, and I rejoiced when it, together with the circles, floated away from their mouths. When I was 12 years old, I was sent to study from a rural zemstvo school to a teacher's school. My relatives wanted me to become a rural teacher. Their hopes extended to the institute, fortunately for me, which I did not get into.

I started writing poetry at the age of 9, I learned to read at the age of 5. At the very beginning, rural ditties had an influence on my work. The period of study left no traces on me, except for strong knowledge Church Slavonic. That's all I got. The rest he did himself under the guidance of a certain Klemenov. He introduced me to the new literature and explained why one should be afraid of the classics in some respects. Of the poets, I liked Lermontov and Koltsov the most. Later I switched to Pushkin.

In 1913 I entered Shanyavsky University as a volunteer. After staying there for 1.5 years, he had to go back to the village due to financial circumstances. At this time, I wrote a book of poems "Radunitsa". I sent some of them to the St. Petersburg magazines and, without receiving an answer, went off on my own. He came and found Gorodetsky. He received me very cordially. Then almost all the poets gathered at his apartment. They started talking about me, and they began to print me almost like hot cakes.

I published: "Russian Thought", "Life for All", "Monthly Journal" by Mirolyubov, "Northern Notes", etc. This was in the spring of 1915. And in the autumn of the same year, Klyuev sent me a telegram to the village and asked me to come to him. He found me a publisher, M.V. Averyanov, and a few months later my first book, Radunitsa, was published. It came out in November 1915 with the note 1916. During the first period of my stay in St. Petersburg, I often had to meet with Blok, with Ivanov-Razumnik. Later with Andrei Bely.

I met the first period of the revolution sympathetically, but more spontaneously than consciously. In 1917 my first marriage took place to 3. N. Reich. In 1918, I parted with her, and after that my wandering life began, like all Russians during the period 1918-21. During these years I have been in Turkestan, the Caucasus, Persia, the Crimea, Bessarabia, the Orenbur steppes, the Murmansk coast, Arkhangelsk and Solovki. In 1921, I married A. Duncan and left for America, having previously traveled all over Europe, except for Spain.

After going abroad, I looked at my country and events in a different way. I don't like our barely cooled camp. I like civilization. But I really don't like America. America is that stench where not only art disappears, but in general best impulses humanity. If today they are heading for America, then I am ready to prefer our gray sky and our landscape: a hut, a little rooted into the ground, a spinner, a huge pole sticking out of the spinner, a skinny horse waving its tail in the distance in the wind. It's not like the skyscrapers that have so far only given us Rockefeller and McCormick, but it's the very thing that raised Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Pushkin, Lermontov, and others. First of all, I love bringing out the organic. Art for me is not the intricacy of patterns, but the most necessary word of the language in which I want to express myself. Therefore, the Imagism trend founded in 1919, on the one hand by me, and on the other by Shershenevich, although it formally turned Russian poetry along a different channel of perception, did not give anyone else the right to claim talent. Now I reject all schools. I think that a poet cannot adhere to any particular school. It binds him hand and foot. Only a free artist can bring free speech. That's all, short, schematic, with regard to my biography. Not everything is said here. But I think it's still too early for me to draw any conclusions for myself. My life and my work is still ahead.

"About myself". October 1925

Born in 1895, September 21, in the Ryazan province, Ryazan district, Kuzminskaya volost, in the village of Konstantinov. From the age of two, I was given to be raised by a rather prosperous maternal grandfather, who had three adult unmarried sons, with whom almost all of my childhood passed. My uncles were mischievous and desperate guys. For three and a half years they put me on a horse without a saddle and immediately put me into a gallop. I remember that I was crazy and held on to the withers very tightly. Then I was taught to swim. One uncle (Uncle Sasha) took me to the boat, drove away from the shore, took off my clothes and, like a puppy, threw me into the water. I clumsily and frightenedly clapped my hands, and until I choked, he kept shouting: “Eh! Bitch! Well, where are you fit? ..” “Bitch” he had an affectionate word. After about eight years, I often replaced a hunting dog for another uncle, swam on the lakes for shot ducks. He was very good at climbing trees. Among the boys he was always a horse-breeder and a big brawler, and he always walked in scratches. For mischief, only one grandmother scolded me, and grandfather sometimes provoked me to fisticuffs and often said to my grandmother: “Don’t touch him, you fool, he will be stronger like that!” Grandmother loved me with all her urine, and her tenderness knew no bounds. On Saturdays I was washed, my nails were cut, and my head was shirred with garlic oil, because not a single comb took curly hair. But the oil did little to help. I always yelled with a good obscenity, and even now I have some kind of unpleasant feeling by Saturday.

This is how my childhood passed. When I grew up, they really wanted to make a village teacher out of me, and therefore they sent me to a church teacher's school, after graduating from which I was supposed to enter the Moscow Teachers' Institute. Fortunately, this did not happen.

I started writing poetry early, about nine years old, but I attribute conscious creativity to the age of 16-17. Some of the poems of these years are placed in the "Radunitsa". At the age of eighteen, I was surprised, having sent my poems to magazines, that they were not being published, and I went to Petersburg. I was received very warmly there. The first one I saw was Blok, the second was Gorodetsky. When I looked at Blok, sweat dripped from me, because for the first time I saw a living poet. Gorodetsky introduced me to Klyuev, whom I had never heard a word about before. Despite all our internal strife, we struck up a great friendship with Klyuev. In the same years, I entered the Shanyavsky University, where I stayed for only a year and a half, and again went to the village. At the University I met the poets Semenovsky, Nasedkin, Kolokolov and Filipchenko. Of the contemporary poets, I liked Blok, Bely and Klyuev the most. Bely gave me a lot in terms of form, while Blok and Klyuev taught me lyricism.

In 1919, with a number of comrades, I published a manifesto of Imagism. Imagism was the formal school that we wanted to establish. But this school had no ground and died of itself, leaving the truth behind the organic image. I would gladly give up many of my religious verses and poems, but they are of great importance as a poet's path before the revolution.

From the age of eight, my grandmother dragged me to different monasteries, because of her, all sorts of wanderers and pilgrims always huddled with us. Various spiritual verses were sung. Grandfather opposite. Was not a fool to drink. From his side, eternal unmarried weddings were arranged. After, when I left the village, I had to figure out my way of life for a long time.

During the years of the revolution, he was entirely on the side of October, but he accepted everything in his own way, with a peasant bias. In terms of formal development, I am now more and more drawn to Pushkin. As for the rest of the autobiographical information, they are in my poems.

Yesenin's life story

Some interesting facts from the life of Sergei Yesenin:

Sergei Yesenin graduated with honors from the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School in 1909, then the church teacher's school, but after studying for a year and a half, he left it - the profession of a teacher did not attract him much. Already in Moscow, in September 1913, Yesenin began to attend the Shanyavsky People's University. A year and a half of university gave Yesenin the foundation of education that he so lacked.

In the autumn of 1913, he entered into a civil marriage with Anna Romanovna Izryadnova, who worked together with Yesenin as a proofreader at Sytin's printing house. On December 21, 1914, their son Yuri was born, but Yesenin soon left the family. In her memoirs, Izryadnova writes: “I saw him shortly before his death. He came, he said, to say goodbye. When I asked why, he said: “I’m washing off, I’m leaving, I feel bad, I’ll probably die.” He asked not to spoil, to take care of his son. After the death of Yesenin, the people's court of the Khamovnichesky district of Moscow dealt with the case of recognizing Yuri as the child of the poet. On August 13, 1937, Yuri Yesenin was shot on charges of preparing an assassination attempt on Stalin.

On July 30, 1917, Yesenin married the beautiful actress Zinaida Reich in the Church of Kirik and Ulita in the Vologda district. On May 29, 1918, their daughter Tatyana was born. Daughter, blond and blue-eyed, Yesenin was very fond of. On February 3, 1920, after Yesenin divorced Zinaida Reich, their son Konstantin was born. One day, he accidentally found out at the station that Reich was on the train with his children. A friend persuaded Yesenin to at least look at the child. Sergei reluctantly agreed. When Reich swaddled her son, Yesenin, barely looking at him, said: “Yesenins are not black ...” But according to contemporaries, Yesenin always carried photographs of Tatyana and Konstantin in his jacket pocket, constantly took care of them, sent them money. On October 2, 1921, the Orel People's Court ruled to dissolve Yesenin's marriage to Reich. Sometimes he met with Zinaida Nikolaevna, at that time already the wife of Vsevolod Meyerhold, which caused Meyerhold's jealousy. There is an opinion that of his wives, Yesenin, until the end of his days, loved Zinaida Reich the most. Shortly before his death, in the deep autumn of 1925, Yesenin visited Reich and the children. As an adult, he talked with Tanechka, he was indignant at the mediocre children's books that his children read. Said: "You must know my poems." The conversation with Reich ended in another scandal and tears. In the summer of 1939, after the death of Meyerhold, Zinaida Reich was brutally murdered in her apartment. Many contemporaries did not believe that this was pure criminality. It was assumed (and now this assumption will more and more develop into certainty) that she was killed by NKVD agents.

On November 4, 1920, at the literary evening "Trial of the Imagists", Yesenin met Galina Benislavskaya. Their relationship with varying success lasted until the spring of 1925. Returning from Konstantinov, Yesenin finally broke with her. It was a tragedy for her. Insulted and humiliated, Galina wrote in her memoirs: “Due to the awkwardness and brokenness of my relationship with S.A. more than once I wanted to leave him as a woman, I wanted to be only a friend. But I realized that from S.A. I can’t leave, I can’t break this thread ... ”Shortly before the trip to Leningrad in November, before going to the hospital, Yesenin called Benislavskaya:“ Come say goodbye. He said that Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya would come too. Galina replied: “I don’t like such wires.” Galina Benislavskaya shot herself at Yesenin's grave. She left two notes on his grave. One is a simple postcard: “December 3, 1926. I killed myself here, although I know, after that more more dogs they will hang on Yesenin ... But he and I don't care. In this grave, everything is dearest to me ... ”She is buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery next to the grave of the poet.

Autumn 1921 - acquaintance with the "sandal" Isadora Duncan. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, Isadora fell in love with Yesenin at first sight, and Yesenin was immediately carried away by her. On May 2, 1922, Sergei Yesenin and Isadora Duncan decided to fix their marriage according to Soviet laws, as they had a trip to America. They signed at the registry office of the Khamovniki Council. When they were asked what surname they choose, both wished to have a double surname - Duncan-Yesenin. So they wrote down in the marriage certificate and in their passports. “Now I am Duncan,” Yesenin shouted when they went out into the street. This page of the life of Sergei Yesenin is the most chaotic, with endless quarrels and scandals. They broke up and got back together many times. Hundreds of volumes have been written about Yesenin's romance with Duncan. Numerous attempts have been made to unravel the mystery of the relationship between these two such dissimilar people. But was there a secret? Throughout his life, Yesenin, deprived of a real friendly family as a child (his parents constantly quarreled, often lived apart, Sergei grew up with his maternal grandparents), dreamed of family comfort and peace. He constantly said that he would marry such an artist - all his mouth was open, and that he would have a son who would become more famous than he was. It is clear that Duncan, who was 18 years older than Yesenin and constantly touring, could not create the family he dreamed of. In addition, Yesenin, as soon as he was married, sought to break the fetters that fettered him.

In 1920, Yesenin met and became friends with the poetess and translator Nadezhda Volpin. On May 12, 1924, the illegitimate son of Sergei Yesenin and Nadezhda Davydovna Volpin was born in Leningrad - a prominent mathematician, a well-known human rights activist, he periodically publishes poetry (only under the name Volpin). A. Yesenin-Volpin is one of the founders (together with Sakharov) of the Human Rights Committee. Now lives in the USA.

March 5, 1925 - acquaintance with the granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy Sophia Andreevna Tolstaya. She was 5 years younger than Yesenin, blood flowed in her veins greatest writer peace. Sofya Andreevna was in charge of the library of the Writers' Union. On October 18, 1925, the marriage with S.A. Tolstaya was registered. Sofya Tolstaya is another failed Yesenin's hope to start a family. Coming from an aristocratic family, according to the recollections of Yesenin's friends, she was very arrogant, proud, she demanded respect for etiquette and unquestioning obedience. These qualities of hers were in no way combined with the simplicity, generosity, cheerfulness, and mischievous nature of Sergei. They soon separated. But after his death, Sofya Andreevna dismissed various gossip about Yesenin, they said that he allegedly wrote in a state of drunken stupor. She, who repeatedly witnessed his work on poetry, claimed that Yesenin took his work very seriously, never sat down at the table drunk.

On December 24, Sergei Yesenin arrived in Leningrad and stayed at the Angleterre Hotel. Late in the evening of December 27, the body of Sergei Yesenin was found in the room. Before the eyes of those who entered the room, a terrible picture appeared: Yesenin, already dead, leaning against a steam heating pipe, blood clots on the floor, things scattered, on the table lay a note with Yesenin’s dying verses “Goodbye, my friend, goodbye .. .” The exact date and time of death has not been established.

Yesenin's body was transported to Moscow for burial at the Vagankovsky cemetery. The funeral was grandiose. According to contemporaries, not a single Russian poet was buried like this.

S.A. Yesenin is a poet who lived very short life, just 30 years old. But over the years, he wrote hundreds of beautiful poems, many "small" poems and large epic works, artistic prose, as well as an extensive epistolary heritage, which included the reflections of S.A. Yesenin about spiritual life, philosophy and religion, Russia and the revolution, the poet's responses to the events of the cultural life of Russia and foreign countries, reflections on the greatest works of world literature. “It’s not in vain that I live ...,” wrote Sergei Yesenin in 1914. His bright and impetuous life left a deep mark both in the history of Russian literature and in the heart of every person.

S.A. was born Yesenin on October 3, 1895 in the village of Konstantinovo, Kuzminskaya volost, Ryazan province, in a family of peasants - Alexander Nikitich and Tatyana Fedorovna Yesenin. In one of his autobiographies, the poet wrote: “I started writing poetry at the age of 9, they learned to read at 5” (vol. 7, p. 15). Education S.A. Yesenin began in his native village, graduating from the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo 4-year school (1904-1909). In 1911 he entered the "Second Class Teacher's School" (1909-1912). By 1912, the writing of the poem "The Tale of Evpatiy Kolovrat, of Batu Khan, the Three-Handed Flower, of the Black Idol and Our Savior Jesus Christ", as well as the preparation of a book of poems "Sick Thoughts" dates back to 1912.

In July 1912 S.A. Yesenin moves to Moscow. Here he settles at Bolshoy Strochenovsky lane, house 24 (now the Moscow State Museum of S.A. Yesenin). The young poet was full of strength and desire to express himself. It was in Moscow that the first known publication by S.A. took place in the children's magazine Mirok. Yesenin - the poem "Birch" under the pseudonym "Ariston". The poet also published in the magazines "Protalinka", " Milky Way”, “Niva”.

In March 1913, he went to work in the printing house of the I.D. Sytin as assistant proofreader. In the printing house he met Anna Romanovna Izryadnova, with whom he entered into a civil marriage in the fall of 1913. This year the poet is working on the poem "Tosca" and the dramatic poem "Prophet", the texts of which are unknown.

During his stay in Moscow, S.A. Yesenin enters as a volunteer at the historical and philosophical department of the People's University named after A.L. Shanyavsky, but also listens to lectures on the history of Russian literature read by Yu.I. Aikhenwald, P.N. Sakulin. Professor P.N. The young poet brought his poems to Sakulin, wanting to hear his opinion. The scientist especially highly appreciated the poem “The scarlet light of dawn weaved out on the lake ...”.
S.A. Yesenin took part in meetings of the Surikov literary and musical circle, officially established in 1905. However, the literary situation in Moscow seemed insufficiently saturated to the young poet; he believed that success could be achieved in Petrograd. In 1915 S.A. Yesenin leaves Moscow. Arriving in the northern capital, the poet goes to Alexander Blok, hoping for his support. The meeting of the two poets took place on March 15, 1915 and left a deep mark on everyone's life. In his 1925 autobiography, S.A. Yesenin wrote: “When I looked at Blok, sweat dripped from me, because for the first time I saw a living poet” (vol. 7, p. 19). A.A. Block left positive feedback about the poems of S.A. Yesenin: "Poems are fresh, clean, vociferous." Blok introduced the young poet to the literary environment of Petrograd, introducing him to famous poets (S.M. Gorodetsky, N.A. Klyuev, Z.N. Gippius, D.S. Merezhkovsky, etc.), publishers. Poems by S.A. Yesenin is published in St. Petersburg magazines ("Voice of Life", "Monthly Journal", "Chronicle"), the poet is invited to literary salons. A particularly important and joyful event for the poet is the publication of his first collection of poems, Radunitsa (1916).

In 1917, the poet marries Z.N. Reich.

The poet initially enthusiastically welcomes the revolution that took place in 1917, hoping that the time of "peasant's paradise" is coming. But it cannot be said that the poet's attitude to the revolution was unambiguous. He understands that the ongoing changes are taking the lives of many thousands of people. In the poem "Mare Ships" S.A. Yesenin writes: “With oars of severed hands / You are rowing to the land of the future.” (vol. 2, p. 77). By 1917-1918. refers to the work of the poet on the works "Father", "Coming", "Transfiguration", "Inonia".

The year 1918 is connected in the life of S.A. Yesenin with Moscow. Here, together with the poets A.B. Mariengof, V.G. Shershenevich, A.B. Kusikov, I.V. Gruzinov, he founded the literary movement of the Imagists, from English word"image" is an image. The poetry of the Imagists is filled with complex, metaphorical images.

However, S.A. Yesenin did not accept some of the provisions of his "fellow writers." He was sure that a poem cannot be just a "catalog of images", the image must be meaningful. The poet defends the meaning, the harmony of the image in the article “Life and Art”.
The highest manifestation of his Imagism S.A. Yesenin called the poem "Pugachev", on which he worked in 1920-1921. The poem was highly appreciated by Russian and foreign readers.

In the autumn of 1921 in the studio of the artist G.B. Yakulova S.A. Yesenin meets the American dancer Isadora Duncan, with whom he married on May 2, 1922. Together with his wife S.A. Yesenin traveled through Europe and America. During his stay abroad, S.A. Yesenin is working on the "Moscow Tavern" cycle, the dramatic poem "Country of Scoundrels", the first edition of the poem "The Black Man". in Paris in 1922 French the book Confessions of a Hooligan was published, and in Berlin in 1923 - Poems of a Brawler. The poet returned to Moscow in August 1923.
In the late period of creativity (1923-1925) S.A. Yesenin is experiencing a creative take-off. The true masterpiece of the poet's lyrics is the cycle "Persian Motifs", written by S.A. Yesenin during a trip to the Caucasus. Also in the Caucasus, the lyric-epic poem "Anna Snegina" and the philosophical poem "Flowers" were written. The birth of many poetic masterpieces was witnessed by the wife of the poet S.A. Tolstaya, with whom he married in 1925. During these years, "The Poem of 36", "The Song of the Great Campaign", the books "Moscow Tavern", "Birch Calico", the collection "On Russia and the Revolution" were published. Creativity S.A. Yesenin of the late period is distinguished by a special, philosophical character. The poet looks back life path, reflects on the meaning of life, tries to comprehend the events that changed the history of his Motherland, to find his place in new Russia. Often the poet reflected on death. Having finished work on the poem "The Black Man" and sending it to his friend, P.I. Chagin, S.A. Yesenin wrote to him: “I am sending you the Black Man. Read and think, what are we fighting for, lying down in bed? .. "

Life S.A. Yesenina ended in St. Petersburg, on the night of December 27-28, 1925. The poet was buried in Moscow at the Vagankovsky cemetery.

Share on social networks!

Brief biography of Sergei Yesenin for children

The great poet of all times and peoples, Sergei Yesenin, remained in the memory not only of the Russian people, but of the whole world, not only as a legendary creative person, but also as a man of unprecedented beauty, who knows how to strike the hearts of people with lyrical and beautiful words. Especially what attracts fans of his work is his unsurpassed gift of poetry. His masterpieces are like a musical stream that flows from the very heart and soul, in which there is a great love for the Motherland and its vast expanses. And how much regret and despair is caused by the fact that such a magnificent nature was able to devote herself to people for such a short time, because the heart contracts with pain, thinking about how much more creative treasures the poet could give us if he had not left this world in the very dawn of strength and talent.

Sergei Yesenin was born on September 21, 1895 in an ordinary peasant family and from an early age had a delicate and vulnerable soul and temperament. His mother and father lived in the village of Konstantinov, but he was raised by his maternal grandfather. It was he, being a wealthy and intelligent man who loves books, who taught the still very young Yesenin to love nature and art, which later became one of the main themes of his creative activity.

In 1914, the first works of the young but talented poet saw the light when they began to be published in the editorial offices of the capital. Just a year later, in the northern capital of our country, he meets with S. Gorodetsky, A. Blok and Klyuev, who had a huge impact on Yesenin's work. The literary life of the capital received him with love. Two years later, Sergei Yesenin released his first collected works called "Radunitsa". He did military service in the tsarist troops, but still devoted a lot of time to his work.

It is impossible to miss the fact that this man was a constant object of attention of women and was very popular with them due to his beauty, both external and words. For some time, Sergei Yesenin lived in a civil marriage with Anna Izryadnova and they had a son, Yuri. In the period from 1917 to 1921 he led a family life with his wife Zinaida Reich. In this marriage, he had a daughter and a son. Isadora Duncan, a well-known dancer, was his next wife. The life of the poet was filled with loneliness and depression, despite the fact that he was constantly surrounded by female attention.

2Short biography of S. Yesenin

Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin. Born September 21 (October 3), 1895 in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province - died December 28, 1925 in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). The great Russian poet, a representative of the new peasant poetry and lyrics, as well as Imagism.

Born in the village of Konstantinovo, Kuzminskaya volost, Ryazan district, Ryazan province, in a peasant family.

Father - Alexander Nikitich Yesenin (1873-1931).

Mother - Tatyana Fedorovna Titova (1875-1955).

Sisters - Catherine (1905-1977), Alexandra (1911-1981).

In 1904, Yesenin went to the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School, after which in 1909 he began his studies at the parochial second-class teacher's school (now the S. A. Yesenin Museum) in Spas-Klepiki. After graduating from school, in the fall of 1912, Yesenin left home, then arrived in Moscow, worked in a butcher's shop, and then - in the printing house of I. D. Sytin. In 1913, he entered the historical and philosophical department of the Moscow City People's University named after A. L. Shanyavsky as a volunteer. He worked in a printing house, was friendly with the poets of the Surikov Literary and Musical Circle.

In 1914, Yesenin's poems were first published in the children's magazine Mirok.

In 1915, Yesenin came from Moscow to Petrograd, read his poems to S. M. Gorodetsky and other poets. In January 1916, Yesenin was called to war and, thanks to the efforts of his friends, he was appointed ("with the highest permission") as an orderly in the Tsarskoye Selo military hospital train No. 143 of Her Imperial Majesty the Empress Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. At this time, he became close to a group of "new peasant poets" and published the first collections ("Radunitsa" - 1916), which made him very famous. Together with Nikolai Klyuev, he often performed, including in front of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and her daughters in Tsarskoe Selo.

In 1915-1917, Yesenin maintained friendly relations with the poet Leonid Kannegiser, who later killed the chairman of the Petrograd Cheka, Uritsky.

By 1918 - the beginning of the 1920s, Yesenin's acquaintance with Anatoly Mariengof and his active participation in the Moscow group of Imagists dates back.

During the period of Yesenin's passion for imaginism, several collections of the poet's poems were published - "Treryadnitsa", "Confession of a Hooligan" (both - 1921), "Poems of a Brawler" (1923), "Moscow Tavern" (1924), the poem "Pugachev".

In 1921, the poet, together with his friend Yakov Blumkin, traveled to Central Asia, visited the Urals and the Orenburg region. From May 13 to June 3, he stayed in Tashkent with his friend and poet Alexander Shiryaevts. There, Yesenin spoke to the public several times, read poems at poetry evenings and in the homes of his Tashkent friends. According to eyewitnesses, Yesenin liked to visit the old city, the teahouses of the old city and Urda, listen to Uzbek poetry, music and songs, visit the picturesque surroundings of Tashkent with his friends. He also made a short trip to Samarkand.

In the autumn of 1921, in the workshop of G. B. Yakulov, Yesenin met a dancer, whom he married six months later. After the wedding, Yesenin and Duncan traveled to Europe (Germany, France, Belgium, Italy) and to the USA (4 months), where he stayed from May 1922 to August 1923. The newspaper "Izvestia" published Yesenin's notes about America "Iron Mirgorod". The marriage to Duncan broke up shortly after their return from abroad.

In the early 1920s, Yesenin was actively engaged in book publishing, as well as selling books in a bookstore he rented on Bolshaya Nikitskaya, which occupied almost all of the poet's time. In the last years of his life, Yesenin traveled a lot around the country. He visited the Caucasus three times, several times went to Leningrad, seven times to Konstantinovo.

In 1924-1925, Yesenin visited Azerbaijan, published a collection of poems at the Krasny Vostok printing house, and was printed at a local publishing house. There is a version that here, in May 1925, a poetic “Message to the Evangelist Demyan” was written. He lived in the village of Mardakan (a suburb of Baku). Currently, his house-museum and a memorial plaque are located here.

In 1924, Yesenin decided to break with Imagism because of disagreements with A. B. Mariengof. Yesenin and Ivan Gruzinov published an open letter disbanding the group.

Sharply critical articles about him began to appear in the newspapers, accusing him of drunkenness, brawls, fights and other anti-social acts, although the poet, by his behavior (especially in the last years of his life), sometimes gave grounds for this kind of criticism. Several criminal cases were opened against Yesenin, mainly on charges of hooliganism; the Case of the Four Poets is also known, connected with the accusation of Yesenin and his friends of anti-Semitic statements.

Soviet authority worried about Yesenin's state of health. So, in Rakovsky’s letter to October 25, 1925, Rakovsky asks “to save the life of the famous poet Yesenin - undoubtedly the most talented in our Union”, suggesting: “invite him to your place, make it good and send with him to the sanatorium a comrade from the GPU, who I wouldn’t let him get drunk ... ”On the letter, Dzerzhinsky’s resolution, addressed to his close friend, secretary, head of the GPU V. D. Gerson: “M. b., can you do it? Next to it is Gerson's note: "I called repeatedly - I could not find Yesenin."

At the end of November 1925, Sofya Tolstaya agreed with the director of the paid psycho-neurological clinic of Moscow University, Professor P. B. Gannushkin, to hospitalize the poet in his clinic. Only a few people close to the poet knew about this. On December 21, 1925, Yesenin left the clinic, canceled all powers of attorney at the State Publishing House, withdrew almost all the money from the passbook, and a day later left for Leningrad, where he stayed at No. 5 of the Angleterre Hotel.

In Leningrad, the last days of Yesenin's life were marked by meetings with N. A. Klyuev, G. F. Ustinov, Ivan Pribludny, V. I. Erlikh, I. I. Sadofiev, N. N. Nikitin and other writers.

Personal life of Sergei Yesenin:

In 1913, Sergei Yesenin met Anna Romanovna Izryadnova, who worked as a proofreader in the printing house of the I.D. Sytin Partnership, where Yesenin went to work. In 1914 they entered into a civil marriage. On December 21, 1914, Anna Izryadnova gave birth to a son named Yuri (he was shot on false charges in 1937).

In 1917, he met and on July 30 of the same year got married in the village of Kiriki-Ulita, Vologda province, with a Russian actress, the future wife of director V. E. Meyerhold. The groom's guarantors were Pavel Pavlovich Khitrov, a peasant from the village of Ivanovskaya Spasskaya volost, and Sergei Mikhailovich Baraev, a peasant from the village of Ustya, Ustyanskaya volost, the bride's guarantors were Alexei Alekseevich Ganin and Dmitry Dmitrievich Devyatkov, a merchant's son from the city of Vologda. The wedding took place in the building of the Passage Hotel. From this marriage were born a daughter, Tatiana (1918-1992), a journalist and writer, and a son, Konstantin (1920-1986), a civil engineer, football statistician and journalist. At the end of 1919 (or at the beginning of 1920), Yesenin left the family, and in the arms of Zinaida Reich, who was pregnant with her son (Konstantin), one and a half year old daughter Tatyana remained. On February 19, 1921, the poet filed for divorce, in which he undertook to financially support them (the divorce was officially filed in October 1921). Subsequently, Yesenin repeatedly visited his children adopted by Meyerhold.

From the first collections of poetry ("Radunitsa", 1916; "Rural Book of Hours", 1918) he appeared as a subtle lyricist, a master of a deeply psychologized landscape, a singer of peasant Russia, an expert in the folk language and folk soul.

In 1919-1923 he was a member of a group of Imagists. Tragic attitude, mental confusion are expressed in the cycles "Mare's Ships" (1920), "Moscow Tavern" (1924), the poem "The Black Man" (1925). In the poem "The Ballad of Twenty-Six" (1924), dedicated to the Baku commissars, the collection "Soviet Russia" (1925), the poem "Anna Snegina" (1925), Yesenin sought to comprehend the "commune rearing Russia", although he continued to feel like a poet "Russia leaving ”, “golden log hut”. Dramatic poem "Pugachev" (1921).

In 1920 Yesenin lives with his literary secretary Galina Benislavskaya. Throughout his life, he repeatedly met with her, sometimes he lived at the Benislavskaya house, until his marriage to S. A. Tolstaya in the fall of 1925.

In 1921, from May 13 to June 3, the poet stayed in Tashkent with his friend, the Tashkent poet Alexander Shiryaevts. At the invitation of the director of the Turkestan Public Library, on May 25, 1921, Yesenin spoke in the library at a literary evening hosted by his friends, in front of the audience of the Art Studio, which existed at the library. Yesenin arrived in Turkestan in the carriage of his friend Kolobov, a responsible employee of the NKPS. He lived on this train all the time of his stay in Tashkent, then on this train he traveled to Samarkand, Bukhara and Poltoratsk (current Ashgabat). On June 3, 1921, Sergei Yesenin left Tashkent and returned to Moscow on June 9, 1921. By coincidence, most of the life of the poet's daughter Tatyana was spent in Tashkent.

In the autumn of 1921, in the workshop of G. B. Yakulov, Yesenin met the dancer Isadora Duncan, whom he married on May 2, 1922. At the same time, Yesenin did not speak English, and Duncan barely spoke Russian. Immediately after the wedding, Yesenin accompanied Duncan on tours in Europe (Germany, Belgium, France, Italy) and the USA. Usually, describing this union, the authors note its love-scandalous side, however, these two artists, undoubtedly, were brought together by the relationship of creativity. However, their marriage was brief, and in August 1923 Yesenin returned to Moscow.

In 1923, Yesenin struck up an acquaintance with the actress Augusta Miklashevskaya, to whom he dedicated seven heartfelt poems from the Love of a Hooligan cycle. In one of the lines, the name of the actress is obviously encrypted: “Why does your name ring like that, Like the August coolness?” It is noteworthy that in the fall of 1976, when the actress was already 85, in an interview with literary critics, Augusta Leonidovna admitted that the affair with Yesenin was platonic and she did not even kiss the poet.

On May 12, 1924, Yesenin's son Alexander was born after an affair with the poetess and translator Nadezhda Volpin - later a famous mathematician and figure in the dissident movement, Yesenin's only living child.

On September 18, 1925, Yesenin married for the third (and last) time - to Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya (1900-1957), the granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy, at that time the head of the library of the Writers' Union. This marriage also did not bring happiness to the poet and soon broke up. Restless loneliness was one of the main reasons for Yesenin's tragic end. After the poet's death, Tolstaya devoted her life to collecting, preserving, describing and preparing Yesenin's works for publication, leaving memoirs about him.

According to the memoirs of N. Sardanovsky and the letters of the poet, Yesenin was a vegetarian for some time.

Death of Sergei Yesenin:

On December 28, 1925, Yesenin was found dead in the Angleterre Hotel in Leningrad. His last poem - "Goodbye, my friend, goodbye ..." - according to Wolf Erlich, was handed to him the day before: Yesenin complained that there was no ink in the room, and he was forced to write with his own blood.

According to the version that is now generally accepted among academic researchers of Yesenin's life, the poet, in a state of depression (a week after the end of treatment in a psychoneurological hospital), committed suicide (hanged himself).

After a civil memorial service at the Union of Poets in Leningrad, Yesenin's body was taken by train to Moscow, where a farewell was also arranged at the Press House with the participation of relatives and friends of the deceased. He was buried on December 31, 1925 in Moscow at the Vagankovsky cemetery.

Neither immediately after the death of Yesenin, nor in the next few decades after the death of the poet, other versions of his death, except for suicide, were put forward.

In the 1970s and 1980s, versions arose about the murder of the poet, followed by a staged suicide of Yesenin (as a rule, members of the OGPU are accused of organizing the murder). A contribution to the development of this version was made by the investigator of the Moscow Criminal Investigation Department, retired colonel Eduard Khlystalov. The version of Yesenin's murder has penetrated into popular culture: in particular, it is presented in artistic form in the television series Yesenin (2005).

In 1989, under the auspices of the Gorky IMLI, the Yesenin Commission was established under the chairmanship of the Soviet and Russian Yesenin scholar Yu. L. Prokushev; at her request, a number of examinations were carried out, which led to the following conclusion: “the now published “versions” about the murder of the poet with subsequent staging of hanging, despite some discrepancies ... are a vulgar, incompetent interpretation of special information, sometimes falsifying the results of the examination” (from the official response of the professor at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Doctor of Medical Sciences B. S. Svadkovsky to the request of the chairman of the commission Yu. L. Prokushev). Versions of the murder of Yesenin are considered late fiction or "unconvincing" and other biographers of the poet.