Adolf Hitler: biography, interesting facts, video. Fuhrer Adolf Hitler: a brief biography of the man who created a real hell factory

20.10.2019

Immediately after the advent of the new thirty-third year in still free Germany, although not quite prosperous after the crisis, the Reich Chancellor was replaced. People just shrugged their shoulders and went about their business. The townsfolk could not even imagine that in just a couple of months their life would change in the most radical way, because then the future founder of the totalitarian dictatorship of the Third Reich came to power. At that time, almost no one knew who Hitler was, but soon the whole world started talking about him. Let's put value judgments aside and look at the factual material to understand how this man managed to do what he did.

Adolf Hitler: biography of a man who knows about the "inbreeding" in his own family

The unexpected defeat in the First World War put an end to the history of the German Empire. The Weimar Republic "on the wreckage" was weak and unviable: the people were in terrible poverty, and the economy was torn to shreds by the victorious states demanding payments. Total poverty and nationwide humiliation have become fertile ground for the growth of all kinds of radical sentiments in society. It was in this situation that one of the most reviled and hated people in the future, Adolf Hitler, loomed on the horizon. Then no one even guessed that soon the "Thousand-Year Reich", reverently built by him, would turn into almost the worst hell of human history.

In the early days of his chancellorship, Hitler did a titanic job of imposing Nazi principles and ideology on various institutions. He did everything to ensure maximum control for his party: over culture, education, economy, legislation. Trade unions were abolished, and good-natured German burghers were forced to join various nationalist organizations. By July 33, the deed was done - the only non-banned (permitted) party in Germany was the NSDAP.

The first enemy of mankind

The future ideologue of Nazism did not immediately become a monster that destroyed millions of lives of innocent people. He wrote short stories, poems and short stories quite well, and also painted good landscapes, but he never received a higher education. When the First World War broke out, he signed up as a volunteer. It was in the trenches under a hail of bullets that he became acquainted with the ideas of National Socialism and imbued them to the core. After taking office as chancellor, based on ideas of maximum authoritarianism and racial inequality, Hitler confidently abolished major freedoms and began building a new supposedly people's state.

In theory, the idea was to unite all social strata without exception, as well as regions under the leadership of a single person. It is clear that this person was supposed to be Hitler - an ideal citizen, a luminary and a demigod, adored by everyone. In fact, it turned out to be somewhat different. The Third Reich quickly became a police power in which anyone could be arrested and even executed. All members of the country's government became obedient puppets of the Fuhrer, and politics revolved only around his "priceless" figure. The outcome of such a view of the construction of the state was predetermined, as was the fate of the first enemy of mankind.

The birth and childhood of Adolf

The popular German philologist of the first half of the twentieth century, Max Gottschald, who studies proper names, believed that the surname Hitler (Hiedler or Hittlaer) comes from the German noun Waldhütler, which means "forester" or "caretaker", and is identically Hütler. The origin of the word is originally German, but it should be understood that this does not always indicate belonging to a particular nation or race.

The father of the future evil genius, Alois Hitler, was the son of an unmarried peasant woman, therefore, at birth, he received his surname from his mother - Schicklgruber. His biological father could be Johann Georg Hiedler or his brother Nepomuk Güttler. According to another version, Adolf's grandfather could have been the son of the banker Leopold Frankenberger, and this one was definitely a Jew. However, the German historian, closely involved in this family, argued that such an alignment is possible, but unlikely.

Presumably the grandfather of the future German leader, Nepomuk Güttler, was also the grandfather of Clara Pölzl, married Hitler. Alois was married three times. When the second wife ordered to live long, his relative, probably a niece, the daughter of a half-sister, helped to look after the household.

Permission for the marriage of Alois and Clara had to be requested from the Vatican, because local priests did not allow closely related ties. Adolf himself later tactfully called the marriage of his parents "intsucht" in a "botanical" manner, so as not to use the ugly word "incest", and also diligently avoided talking about his own origin.

On April 20, 1889, in the picturesque Austrian town of Braunau an der Inn, a boy was born in the Hitler family, named nice name Adolf. Clara, who had lost babies before, doted on little Dolphy. However, Hitler's early years were far from joyful and cheerful. The despotic tyrant-father, who loves to give a beating to the "unreasonable" woman, and the mother who slavishly and devotedly loved him - the boy could not even think of complaining to someone about the oppression of his father.

Youth of the future dictator

Until the ninety-second year, the Hitlers lived in Braunau, but then Alois got a new place and the family, in which two more children from Clara's first marriage (Alois and Angela) lived, moved to Passau. Edmun was born here (he died at the dawn of the new century), who turned out to be inferior, and the family moved again, already to Lunts. It was here that Adolf was sent to the Fischlgame school for a year. Soon the father felt bad, so he bought a large piece of land in Gafeld and moved there, taking all the members of his large family. By this time, the Hitlers also had a daughter, Paula, whom Dolfi adored all his life.

Until the spring of 1998, Adolf went to a Catholic school at a monastery in the nearby town of Lambach an der Traun. The smart kid got exceptionally high grades, studying was easy for him. He sang with might and main in the choir and was even appointed an assistant clergyman during the mass. Then the family moved again, and Adolf was enrolled in a school in Leonding, where he stayed until the new century.

At about the same time, in view of the unseemly value judgments of Alois, the young Hitler already looked at the church from a critical point of view. The public school in Linz, where he was subsequently sent, was not what he wanted. Here they demanded a lot, but they did not pay attention to the students themselves.

Reversal of fate: from artist to politician

In 1903, the pope died unexpectedly, and Adolf, who still loved this domestic despot, sobbed at the grave. After his death, Hitler firmly decided that the path of an official was not for him: he would become a man of art - a poet, writer or artist. Two years later, he nevertheless entered a school in Steyr, but doctors discovered a lung disease in the young man. This at once crossed out the future in the office, which the “illness” himself was incredibly happy about.

In December of the seventh year, Clara died of oncology, despite a complex and expensive operation performed the year before. Having issued an orphan's pension, Adolf left for Vienna, where he hoped to enter the Academy of Fine Arts. He tried twice, but the competition never passed. By that time, his internal anti-Semitism had already formed. He hid from military service precisely because he did not want to live in barracks with the Jews.

Interesting

In the ninth or tenth year, Adolf made acquaintance with Reinhold Hanisch, who offered to sell a couple of his paintings. Things went well, Hitler began to actively draw, and then suddenly accused the "producer" of fraud. The future leader continued to trade in paintings on his own, she brought good income, therefore it turned out to refuse the orphan's pension in favor of Paulina.

On August 14, the First World War broke out, and Hitler happily carried the documents to the office - he wanted to defend his homeland. In November of the same year, he already proudly bore the rank of corporal, and in December - the Iron Cross of the second degree. Adolf received many more awards, was wounded until he caught gas during an attack near La Montaigne in October 1918. He received a serious eye injury and was sent to the hospital, where he learned about the defeat and overthrow of Kaiser Ludwig III.

Some time after treatment, he spent in a psychiatric hospital, and then served in the guards of the prison camp. Hitler later returned to the army, undecided whether he wanted to be an artist, architect or politician. In June of the following year, the leadership of the Bavarian Infantry Regiment seconded him to special agitator courses in order to conduct "education" with soldiers who returned from the front. In September, when he came to a meeting of the German Workers' Party (DAP) in a beer hall, he proved to be such an excellent orator that he was immediately invited to join the organization.

Hitler's rise to power

When, by 1920, the NSDAP had become one of the most prominent parties in Bavaria, and the future famous Nazi Ernst Röhm became the leader of the stormtroopers (SA), Hitler became a prominent figure in the political field. They began to reckon with him, to listen to his opinion, but this was not enough. In November twenty-third, taking with him detachments of stormtroopers, Hitler came to the beer "Bürgerbräukeller" with a huge hall, in which a rally was just being held. There he announced the overthrow of the Berlin leadership of the country. In turn, Kar, at that time the commissioner of Bavaria, announced the dissolution of the NSDAP. Stormtroopers lined up in columns and advanced to the Ministry of Defense. Then the police began firing and dispersed the demonstrators.

For raising a rebellion, the leaders of the uprising were convicted. Hitler was given five years, but nine months later he was already released for unknown reasons. In the 26th NSDAP formed the Hitler Youth (children's and youth organization of the Nazis), and Goebbels began to slowly conquer "red Berlin" with the help of propaganda. In the thirty-second, Hitler for the first time puts forward his candidacy for the post of Reich President of the country and fails. In December of the same year, Kurt von Schleicher was appointed to the coveted position, but Adolf was no longer satisfied with this state of affairs. By the end of January 1933, Hitler gets the position he needs - becomes Chancellor of the Reich.

Then everything went like clockwork: a month after the above events, a fire broke out in the Reichstag. They accused the communists, seized the Dutchman Marinus van der Lubbe and hanged him. Later it turned out that the fire was specially planned by the Nazis to level the trust in the communists, who had good support among the people.

In 1934, the Night of the Long Knives, already carried out by the Gestapo, thundered. They spared no one: old people, children, pretty women and the same stormtroopers. More than a thousand people died "not in vain" - in the referendum on August 19, the Nazi Party won more than eighty percent of the vote. Hitler formed his own cabinet, headed by Vice Chancellor Franz von Papen.

Bloody pages of history and the Fuhrer's allies

First, unemployment was completely and irrevocably eliminated. Every citizen of Germany was involved in some cause. Hitler, the beginning of whose reign was drenched in blood, pursued an active social policy, allocated benefits and assistance to needy Germans. Sports events and holidays have become regular and almost mandatory. The people were seized by some strange hysteria of admiration for the Nazis.

In the thirty-fifth, the Nuremberg Resolutions were adopted, depriving the Gypsies and Jews of all rights and freedoms. Pogroms constantly arose, the case clearly "smelled of kerosene." The adopted “endlozung” (the law on the physical destruction of all representatives of the Jewish people) became the peak.

It only remained to begin to gradually return the lost lands. First they annexed Austria, then part of Czechoslovakia. The world community silently watched the development of events. At the beginning of the thirty-ninth, Time positioned Hitler as the man of the year, and already in March, the expansion continued: Lithuania was captured, and Poland was demanded to open a “corridor” to Prussia. In August, a non-aggression pact was signed with the USSR. The entry into Poland on September 1 was the beginning of World War II and the impetus for the Great Patriotic War. In less than a month, the Nazis dealt with the Poles, moved to Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland and France.

In the spring of 1941, Greece and Yugoslavia fell, and on June 22, fascist planes were already bombing Kiev. This was the Fuhrer's fatal mistake. From the middle of the forty-second, Hitler's victorious march across Europe choked near Stalingrad, and by the beginning of the forty-fifth fighting were completely transferred to Germany. The Berlin Pact on the creation of the so-called Berlin-Rome Axis (Achsenmächte), concluded back in the fortieth year, began to crumble before our eyes. The allies - Romania, Japan, Italy, Hungary, Croatia, Slovenia, Finland - realized that there would be no "Thousand Year Reich" anymore, and began to resist.

Meticulous maintenance of a list of personal enemies

The mental state of the Fuhrer has always been of interest to historians and researchers, because sometimes, in addition to general atrocities, which in themselves do not fit in the head of a normal person, he did something “speaking”. For example, a “List of Hitler’s Personal Enemies” was compiled, as well as a “Search List of the USSR” (Sonderfahndungsliste UdSSR). These columns of names included people who should be immediately destroyed as soon as they fell into the hands of the Nazis.

Levitan.
Stalin-Dzhugashvili.
Dimitrov.
Kournikov.
Franklin Roosevelt.
Charles de Gaulle.
Winston Churchill.
Molotov and many others.

There were almost five and a half thousand names in the complete lists. Among them were not only politicians and managers, but also cultural figures, actors, famous doctors, scientists, athletes, special services and even ordinary people. It's like a paranoid psychosis.

Dangerous hobbies in the occult

Long before the swastika became a symbol of Nazi Germany, it was used as a symbol of the continuity of being by different peoples. Among the Slavs and the Hindus, it means an endless solar cycle, which cannot be interrupted. In Buddhism, the swastika symbolizes the unification of the basic elements that make up everything that exists: water, fire, earth and air. For the first time, Hitler saw such a sign back in an elementary Catholic school with one of the abbots, but the idea to make it a symbol of the new state does not belong to him. In the book "My Struggle", the Fuhrer writes that the youth sent in sketches, and he was already drawing up the final version.

As a result, the four-pointed swastika became the Nazi symbol, with right side ends rotated 45 degrees. A laconic black cross in a white circle on a red background had a sacred meaning. It meant the irreconcilable and endless destruction of non-Aryan peoples until complete extermination. In 1946, at the Nuremberg Trials, a decision was made to ban the use of such symbols. However, in 2015, Roskomnadzor softened its position somewhat - demonstrating the symbol without promoting Nazism is no longer a crime.

Adolf Hitler was a fan of mysticism and various theories of the supernatural origin of some races. Therefore, in the thirty-fifth year, a special pseudo-scientific organization "Ahnenerbe" (Ahnenerbe) was even created. Its members were engaged in all sorts of occult and ideological developments, the study of history and the search for ancient artifacts considered magical. Conducted in the "Ahnenerbe" and terrible experiments on living people and the bodies of the dead. The militants of the organization were engaged in the looting of exhibitions, museums, galleries and other cultural heritage.

Female favorite: what is Hitler known for on the "love front"

Despite the actively pursued policy of persecution of homosexuality in Germany in those years, some historians still claim that the German leader had bisexual inclinations and even experience in same-sex relationships. The famous German researcher Lothar Mahtan is sure of the Fuhrer's homosexuality, Kevin Abrams and Scott Lively in the book "Pink Swastika" fully share his opinion. However, evidence for this has never been found.

Hitler had his own view of marriage and relations with women in general: he was against marriage, because it immediately made him inaccessible to others. He preferred to remain free so that every girl in Germany and beyond could wish and dream of his "indulgence".

Mistresses, Eva Braun and offspring of the German leader

Hitler had some kind of semi-mystical influence on women. He, like a python, knew how to bewitch them, braid and fall in love with him to unconsciousness. There are cases of suicides of girls on this basis. He had many mistresses, but only the notorious Eva Braun became his only wife.

From a connection with Hilda Lokamp, about whom little is known, a boy appeared, according to rumors - the son of Hitler. The fate of the woman herself and her offspring remains unclear.
Charlotte Lobjoie met Adolf in 1916 and he even painted her portrait. She was a swarthy, black-haired Frenchwoman, the daughter of a butcher, who looked like a nomadic gypsy. In the spring of the eighteenth, she gave birth to a boy, Jean-Marie Lauret-Frison, who, according to her, was the son of the Fuhrer. His son, Philip, who considers himself the Fuhrer's grandson, is now negotiating to conduct a DNA test and prove a direct relationship.
Sigrid, daughter of Oskar von Laffert of Damarets, born in 1916. After a fleeting connection with Hitler, she tried to hang herself on the handle of the door to her room.
Maria Reiter (Kubish) met Hitler in 1927 in a store where she worked as a saleswoman. In the same year, she tried to commit suicide because of her love for Adolf, but in the end she managed to get married twice.
Unity Valkyrie Mitford is a real hereditary aristocrat from an ancient English family, a convinced Nazi. After the declaration of war, the girl tried to shoot herself, but failed. In the fortieth year she caught meningitis and died.
Renata Müller was a famous film actress whose appearance thrilled the men of Germany and beyond. Met Adolf in the thirties, then became addicted to opium and alcohol. She died of an overdose of sleeping pills. It was rumored that the Nazi authorities carefully eliminated it.

A separate role in the life of the Fuhrer Hitler was occupied by his own niece Geli Raubal. She was a blooming, ruddy-cheeked and full of health girl, almost two decades younger than Adolf himself. From the twenty-fifth, until her suicide in the thirty-first, Geli lived in the apartment of the German leader. She was clearly in a privileged position: her room could not be entered, and her orders could not be disobeyed. Geli's death was a real shock for the man, he withdrew into himself, but then found peace on the chest of the daughter of opera singer Gretl Slezak and actress Leni Riefenstahl.

The daughter of a Munich teacher, Eva Braun, a natural blonde who graduated from the school of maids of honor, first saw the Fuhrer in the 29th. She was only seventeen, and he was thirty years older. Adolf looked after her reverently and selflessly, took her to the theater and cinema, gave flowers and diamonds. After Geli's death, it was Eva who became the main woman in Hitler's life. At the end of April 1945, just before the surrender of Germany, when the Soviet troops were already victoriously marching through Berlin, she died. Eva married her lover, turning into Madame Hitler. True, it was not necessary to stay in this role for long, only a day.

In order to provide the nation with reliable and loyal followers of the new generation, the Thor project was created and launched. Especially for him, several dozen young purebred German women were selected, who were supposed to give birth from the Fuhrer. In the forty-fifth, the laboratory was disbanded, and the children were distributed to the surrounding peasants and artisans. Some of them or their descendants may still walk among us today.

The last years of a bloody leader: in case of collapse

Despite his organizational talent, as well as sincere confidence in the correctness of his actions, Hitler understood that his entire harmonious plan could fail. Therefore, he built bunkers, the main of which, Wolfschanze, was located near the town of Rastenburg, in eastern Prussia. It contained gold, art and other valuables. However, most of the treasures looted by the Nazis have never been found. And the building itself did not bring anything good to its creator - it was here that he committed suicide.

For the first time, they tried to encroach on the life of the great leader of the German nation in the thirtieth year. It happened at the Kaiserhof Hotel, where an unknown person tried unsuccessfully to spray poison or acid on the Fuhrer's face. From the moment he assumed the office of chancellor in the thirty-third and until the thirty-eighth (five years), Adolf Hitler was committed to total sixteen attempts! They all failed.

On April 30, 1945, on the second day after marrying Eva Braun, realizing that the entry of Soviet troops into Berlin could mean only one thing, Adolf Hitler and his wife, and together with them Goebbels with his wife and six offspring, committed suicide by swallowing ampoules of cyanide . According to another version, the leader first drank poison, and then also put a bullet in his temple for fidelity. Their bodies were taken out of the bunker, laid on the grass, doused with gasoline and burned. The Fuhrer was identified by dentures, but later the results of the identification were called into question.

In the seventieth year of the territory of the "Wolf's Lair", which had previously been under the jurisdiction of the Soviet military unit, it was decided to give Germany. The ashes of all those who rested in the graves were dug up, completely incinerated, crushed and thrown into the Biederitz River (according to other sources - into the Elbe). However, not everyone believed that the almighty Fuhrer died then. Popular legend has it that doppelgangers were killed in his stead. Adolf himself and his wife Eva were allegedly taken to Barcelona, from where they went to Argentina, where they calmly lived out the rest of their days in prosperity and peace.

The most incredible facts of life

Occult researcher Dr. Greta Leiber believes that in the thirty-second year, Hitler signed a real pact with the devil, as evidenced by the document she found. At the same time, Adolf's signature on paper is genuine. Regarding the signature of Satan, historians have serious doubts.

It is believed that drugs were used in the Third Reich to inspire soldiers, as well as stimulants for people of various professions. It is believed that the Fuhrer himself took oxycodone and cocaine prescribed by his attending physician Theodore Gilbert Morell. This fact is confirmed by the German writer and researcher Norman Ohler.

Hitler was very fond of cartoons, especially Disney ones. He even sketched characters for fun.

Henry Ford was the only American who was mentioned by the Fuhrer in the book "My Struggle".

In 1938, Adolf Hitler was proposed as a nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize. Fortunately, his subsequent steps cleared up the situation, and the issue of the award was never raised again.

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Biography, life story of Adolf Hitler

Surname etymology

According to the famous German philologist, specialist in onomastics Max Gottschald (1882-1952), the surname "Hitler" (Hittlaer, Hiedler) was identical to the surname Hütler ("caretaker", probably "forester", Waldhütter)

Pedigree

Father - Alois Hitler (1837-1903). Mother - Clara Hitler (1860-1907), nee Pölzl.

Alois, being illegitimate, until 1876 bore the name of his mother Maria Anna Schicklgruber (German: Schicklgruber). Five years after the birth of Alois, Maria Schicklgruber married the miller Johann Georg Hiedler (Hiedler), who spent his whole life in poverty and did not have his own home. In 1876, three witnesses testified that Giedler, who died in 1857, was the father of Alois, which allowed the latter to change his surname. The change in the spelling of the surname to "Hitler" was allegedly caused by a misprint by the priest when writing in the Birth Registration Book. Modern researchers consider the probable father of Alois not Hidler, but his brother Johann Nepomuk Güttler, who took Alois to his house and raised him.

Adolf Hitler himself, contrary to the assertion widespread since the 1920s and even included in the 3rd edition of the TSB, never bore the surname Schicklgruber.

On January 7, 1885, Alois married his relative (the granddaughter of Johann Nepomuk Güttler) Clara Pölzl. This was his third marriage. By this time, he had a son, Alois, and a daughter, Angela, who later became the mother of Geli Raubal, Hitler's alleged mistress. Due to family ties, Alois had to obtain permission from the Vatican in order to marry Clara. Clara by Alois gave birth to six children, of which Adolf was the third.

Hitler knew about inbreeding in his family and therefore always spoke very briefly and vaguely about his parents, although he required others to document their ancestors. From the end of 1921, he began to constantly overestimate and obscure his origins. He wrote only a few sentences about his father and maternal grandfather. On the contrary, he often mentioned his mother in conversations. Because of this, he did not tell anyone that he was related (in a direct line from Johann Nepomuk) to the Austrian historian Rudolf Koppensteiner and the Austrian poet Robert Gamerling.

CONTINUED BELOW

Adolf's direct ancestors, both in the Schicklgruber line and in the Hitler line, were peasants. Only the father made a career and became a government official.

Attachment to the places of childhood, Hitler had only to Leonding, where his parents are buried, Spital, where relatives lived on the maternal side, and Linz. He visited them and came to power.

Childhood

Adolf Hitler was born in Austria, in the town of Braunau an der Inn near the border with Germany on April 20, 1889 at 18:30 at the Pomeranian Hotel. Two days later he was baptized with the name Adolf. Hitler was very much like his mother. The eyes, shape of the eyebrows, mouth and ears were exactly like hers. His mother, who gave birth to him at the age of 29, loved him very much. Before that, she lost three children.

Until 1892, the family lived in Branau in the hotel "At the Pomeranian", the most representative house in the suburbs. In addition to Adolf, his half-blooded (half-blooded) brother Alois and sister Angela lived in the family. In August 1892, my father was promoted and the family moved to Passau.

On March 24, a brother was born - Edmund (1894-1900) and Adolf for some time ceased to be the center of attention of the family. On April 1, my father received a new appointment in Linz. But the family remained in Passau for another year so as not to move with a newborn baby.

In April 1895, the family gathers in Linz. On May 1, at the age of six, Adolf entered the one-year public school in Fischlgam near Lambach. And on June 25, my father unexpectedly retires early for health reasons. In July 1895, the family moved to Gafeld near Lambach an der Traun, where the father bought a house with a plot of land of 38,000 sq.m.

In elementary school, Adolf studied well and received only excellent marks. In 1939 he visited a school in Fischlham where he learned to read and write and bought it. After the purchase, he gave the order to build a new school building nearby.

On January 21, 1896, Adolf's sister Paula was born. He was especially attached to her all his life and always took care of her.

In 1896, Hitler entered the second grade of the Lambach School of the old Benedictine Catholic monastery, which he attended until the spring of 1898. Here, too, he received only good marks. He sang in a boys' choir and was an assistant priest during Mass. Here he first saw the swastika on the coat of arms of Abbot Hagen. He later ordered the same one to be carved from wood in his office.

In the same year, due to the constant nit-picking of his father, his half-brother Alois left the house. After that, Adolf became the central figure of his father's concerns and constant pressure, as his father was afraid that Adolf would grow up to be the same idler as his brother.

In November 1897, my father bought a house in the village of Leonding near Linz, where the whole family moved in February 1898. The house was near the cemetery.

Adolf changed schools for the third time and went to the fourth grade here. He attended the folk school in Leonding until September 1900.

After the death of his brother Edmund on February 2, 1900, Adolf remained the only son of Clara Hitler.

It was in Leonding that his critical attitude towards the church was born under the influence of his father's statements.

In September 1900, Adolf entered the first class of the state real school in Linz. Adolf did not like the change of a rural school to a large and alien real school in the city. He only liked to walk the 6 km distance from home to school.

From that time on, Adolf began to learn only what he liked - history, geography, and especially drawing. Everything else was ignored. As a result of this attitude to study, he stayed for the second year in the first grade of a real school.

Youth

At the age of 13, when Adolf was in the second grade of a real school in Linz, on January 3, 1903, his father died unexpectedly. Despite the incessant disputes and strained relations, Adolf still loved his father and sobbed uncontrollably at the coffin.

At the request of his mother, he continued to go to school, but finally decided for himself that he would be an artist, and not an official, as his father wanted. In the spring of 1903 he moved into a school dormitory in Linz. Lessons at school began to attend irregularly.

Angela got married on September 14, 1903, and now only Adolf, his sister Paula and mother's sister Johanna Pölzl remained in the house with her mother.

When Adolf was 15 years old and he was finishing the third grade of a real school, on May 22, 1904, he was confirmed in Linz. During this period, he composed a play, wrote poetry and short stories, and also composed the libretto for Wagner's opera based on the Wieland legend and the overture.

He still went to school with disgust, and he disliked French most of all. In the autumn of 1904, he passed the exam in this subject the second time, but they took a promise from him that in the fourth grade he would go to another school. Gemer, who at that time taught Adolf French and other subjects, said at the trial of Hitler in 1924: “Hitler was undoubtedly gifted, although one-sided. He almost did not know how to control himself, he was stubborn, self-willed, wayward and quick-tempered. Wasn't diligent." According to numerous testimonies, it can be concluded that already in his youth, Hitler showed pronounced psychopathic traits.

In September 1904, Hitler, fulfilling this promise, entered the state real school in Steyr in the fourth grade and studied there until September 1905. In Steyr, he lived in the house of the merchant Ignaz Kammerhofer at Grünmarket 19. Subsequently, this place was renamed Adolf Hitlerplatz.

On February 11, 1905, Adolf received a certificate of completion of the fourth grade of a real school. The mark "excellent" there was only in drawing and physical education; in German, French, mathematics, shorthand - unsatisfactory, in the rest - satisfactory.

On June 21, 1905, the mother sold the house in Leonding and moved with her children to Linz at 31 Humboldt Street.

In the autumn of 1905, Hitler, at the request of his mother, reluctantly began to attend school again in Steyr and retake exams in order to receive a certificate for the fourth grade.

At this time, he was diagnosed with a serious lung disease, and the doctor advised his mother to postpone his schooling for at least a year and recommended that he never work in an office in the future. Mother took Adolf from school and took him to Spital to relatives.

On January 18, 1907, the mother underwent a complex operation (breast cancer). In September, as his mother's health improved, the 18-year-old Hitler went to Vienna to take the entrance exam to the general art school, but failed the second round of the exams. After the exams, Hitler managed to get a meeting with the rector. At this meeting, the rector advised him to take up architecture, since it is obvious from his drawings that he has an ability for this.

In November 1907, Hitler returned to Linz and took over the care of his terminally ill mother. On December 21, 1907, her mother died, and on December 23, Adolf buried her next to her father.

In February 1908, after settling matters related to the inheritance and arranging pensions for himself and his sister Paula as orphans, Hitler left for Vienna.

A friend of his youth Kubicek and other associates of Hitler testify that he was constantly at knives with everyone and felt hatred for everything that surrounded him. Therefore, his biographer Joachim Fest admits that Hitler's anti-Semitism was a focused form of hatred, which until then raged in the dark and finally found its object in the Jew.

In September 1908, Hitler made another attempt to enter the Vienna Art Academy, but failed in the first round. After the failure, Hitler changed his place of residence several times without giving anyone new addresses. Avoided service in the Austrian army. He does not want to serve in the same army with the Czechs and Jews, to fight "for the Habsburg state", but at the same time he was ready to die for the German Reich. He got a job as an "academic artist", and from 1909 as a writer.

In 1909, Hitler met Reinhold Ganish, who began to successfully sell his paintings. Until the middle of 1910, Hitler painted a lot of small-format paintings in Vienna. Basically, these were copies from postcards and old engravings depicting all sorts of historical buildings in Vienna. In addition, he drew all kinds of advertisements. In August 1910, Hitler told the Vienna police that Ganish had withheld part of the proceeds from him and had stolen a painting. Ganish was sent to prison for seven days. Since that time, he himself sold his paintings. The work brought him big income that in May 1911 he renounced his monthly pension as an orphan in favor of his sister Paula. In addition, in the same year he received most of the inheritance of his aunt Johanna Peltz.

During this period, Hitler began to intensively engage in self-education. Subsequently, he was able to communicate freely and read literature and newspapers in the original French and English. During the war he liked to watch French and English films without translation. He was very well versed in arming the armies of the world, history, etc. At the same time, he showed an interest in politics.

In May 1913, Hitler moved from Vienna to Munich at the age of 24 and took up residence in the apartment of tailor and shop owner Josef Popp on Schleisheimer Street. Here he lived until the outbreak of the First World War, working as an artist.

On December 29, 1913, the Austrian police asked the Munich police to establish the address of the hiding Hitler. On January 19, 1914, the Munich criminal police brought Hitler to the Austrian consulate. On February 5, 1914, Hitler went to Salzburg for an examination, where he was declared unfit for military service.

Participation in World War I

On August 1, 1914, the First World War began. Hitler was delighted by the news of the war. He immediately applied to Ludwig III for permission to serve in the Bavarian army. The very next day he was offered to report to any Bavarian regiment. He chose the 16th Reserve Bavarian Regiment ("Liszt's Regiment", after the name of the commander). On August 16, he was assigned to the 6th reserve battalion of the 2nd Bavarian Infantry Regiment No. 16, consisting of volunteers. On September 1, he was transferred to the 1st company of the Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 16. On October 8, he swore allegiance to the King of Bavaria and Emperor Franz Joseph.

In October 1914 he was sent to the Western Front and on October 29 he participated in the battle on the Yser, and from October 30 to November 24 - near Ypres.

November 1, 1914 was awarded the rank of corporal. On November 9, he was transferred to the regimental headquarters as a liaison officer. From November 25 to December 13, he participated in a positional war in Flanders. December 2, 1914 was awarded the Iron Cross of the second degree. From December 14 to 24, he participated in the battle in French Flanders, and from December 25, 1914 to March 9, 1915, in positional battles in French Flanders.

In 1915 he participated in the battles of Nave Chapelle, near La Basset and Arras. In 1916, he participated in reconnaissance and demonstration battles of the 6th Army in connection with the Battle of the Somme, as well as in the Battle of Fromel and directly in the Battle of the Somme. In April 1916, he met Charlotte Lobjoie. Wounded in the left thigh by a fragment of a grenade near Le Bargur in the first battle of the Somme. I ended up in the Red Cross infirmary in Beelitz. Upon leaving the hospital (March 1917), he returned to the regiment in the 2nd company of the 1st reserve battalion.

In 1917 - the spring battle of Arras. Participated in battles in Artois, Flanders, in Upper Alsace. On September 17, 1917, he was awarded the Cross with Swords for military merit, III degree.

In 1918 he participated in the great battle in France, in the battles of Evreux and Montdidier. On May 9, 1918, he was awarded a regimental diploma for outstanding bravery near Fontane. May 18 receives the insignia of the wounded (black). From May 27 to June 13 - battles near Soissons and Reims. From June 14 to July 14 - positional battles between the Oise, Marne and Aisne. In the period from July 15 to 17 - participation in offensive battles on the Marne and in Champagne, and from July 18 to 29 - participation in defensive battles on Soissonnes, Reims and Marne. He was awarded the Iron Cross, First Class, for delivering a report to artillery positions in particularly difficult conditions, which saved the German infantry from being shelled by their own artillery.

On August 25, 1918, Hitler received the 3rd Class Service Commendation. According to numerous testimonies, he was prudent, very brave and an excellent soldier.

October 15, 1918 gassing near La Montaigne as a result of the explosion of a chemical projectile next to it. Eye damage. Temporary loss of vision. Treatment in the Bavarian field infirmary in Udenard, then in the Prussian rear infirmary in Pasewalk. While recovering in the hospital, he learned about the surrender of Germany and the overthrow of the Kaiser, which was a great shock to him.

Creation of the NSDAP

Hitler considered the defeat in the war of the German Empire and the November Revolution of 1918 to be the offspring of traitors who stabbed the victorious German army in the back.

In early February 1919, Hitler signed up as a volunteer in the security service of a prisoner of war camp located near Traunstein near the Austrian border. About a month later, the prisoners of war - several hundred French and Russian soldiers - were released, and the camp, along with its guards, was disbanded.

On March 7, 1919, Hitler returned to Munich, to the 7th company of the 1st reserve battalion of the 2nd Bavarian infantry regiment.

At this time, he had not yet decided whether he would be an architect or a politician. In Munich, during the stormy days, he did not bind himself with any obligations, he simply watched and took care of his own safety. He was in Max's barracks in Munich-Oberwiesenfeld until the day when the troops of von Epp and Noske drove the Communist Soviets out of Munich. At the same time, he gave his work to the prominent artist Max Zeper for evaluation. He handed over the paintings for conclusion to Ferdinand Steger. Steger wrote: "... a completely outstanding talent."

From June 5 to June 12, 1919, the authorities sent him to agitator courses (Vertrauensmann). The courses were designed to train agitators who were to conduct explanatory talks against the Bolsheviks among soldiers returning from the front. The lecturers were dominated by ultra-right views, among others lectures were given by Gottfried Feder, the future economic theorist of the NSDAP.

During one of the discussions, Hitler made a very strong impression with his anti-Semitic monologue on the head of the agitation department of the 4th Bavarian command of the Reichswehr, and he invited him to take on political functions on an army scale. A few days later he was appointed an officer of education (confidant). Hitler turned out to be a bright and temperamental speaker and attracted the attention of listeners.

The decisive moment in Hitler's life was the moment of his unshakable recognition by the supporters of anti-Semitism. In the period from 1919 to 1921, Hitler intensively read books from the library of Friedrich Kohn. This library was clearly anti-Semitic in content, which left a deep mark on Hitler's beliefs.

On September 12, 1919, Adolf Hitler, on instructions from the military, came to the Sterneckerbray beer hall for a meeting of the German Workers' Party (DAP) - founded in early 1919 by locksmith Anton Drexler and numbering about 40 people. During the debate, Hitler, speaking from a pan-Germanist position, won a landslide victory over the supporter of the independence of Bavaria and accepted the impressed Drexler's offer to join the party. Hitler immediately made himself responsible for party propaganda and soon began to determine the activities of the entire party.

Until April 1, 1920, Hitler continued to serve in the Reichswehr. On February 24, 1920, Hitler organized the first of many large public events for the Nazi Party in the beer hall of the Hofbräuhaus. During his speech, he proclaimed twenty-five points compiled by him, Drexler and Feder, which became the program of the Nazi Party. The Twenty-Five Points combined Pan-Germanism, demands for the abolition of the Treaty of Versailles, anti-Semitism, demands for socialist change and a strong central government.

At the initiative of Hitler, the party adopted a new name - the German National Socialist Workers' Party (in the German transcription NSDAP). In political journalism, they began to be called Nazis, by analogy with the socialists - Soci. In July, a conflict broke out in the leadership of the NSDAP: Hitler, who wanted dictatorial powers in the party, was outraged by the negotiations with other groups that took place while Hitler was in Berlin, without his participation. On July 11, he announced his withdrawal from the NSDAP. Since Hitler was at that time the most active public politician and the most successful orator of the party, other leaders were forced to ask him to return. Hitler returned to the party and on July 29 was elected its chairman with unlimited power. Drexler was left with the post of honorary chairman with no real powers, but his role in the NSDAP has since declined sharply.

For disrupting the speech of the Bavarian separatist politician Otto Ballerstedt, Hitler was sentenced to three months in prison, but he served only a month in the Stadelheim prison in Munich - from June 26 to July 27, 1922. On January 27, 1923, Hitler held the first congress of the NSDAP; 5,000 stormtroopers marched through Munich.

"Beer coup"

By the beginning of the 1920s. The NSDAP became one of the most prominent organizations in Bavaria. Ernst Rohm stood at the head of the assault squads (German abbreviation SA). Hitler quickly became a political figure to be reckoned with, at least within Bavaria.

In 1923, a crisis broke out in Germany, the cause of which was the French occupation of the Ruhr. The Social Democratic government, which first called on the Germans to resist and plunged the country into an economic crisis, and then accepted all the demands of France, was attacked by both the right and the communists. Under these conditions, the Nazis entered into an alliance with the separatist right-wing conservatives who were in power in Bavaria, jointly preparing a speech against the Social Democratic government in Berlin. However, the strategic goals of the allies differed sharply: the former sought to restore the pre-revolutionary Wittelsbach monarchy, while the Nazis sought to create a strong Reich. The leader of the Bavarian right, Gustav von Kahr, who was proclaimed a land commissar with dictatorial powers, refused to carry out a number of orders from Berlin and, in particular, to disband the Nazi detachments and close the Völkischer Beobachter. However, faced with the firm position of the Berlin General Staff, the leaders of Bavaria (Kar, Lossow and Seiser) hesitated and told Hitler that they did not intend to openly oppose Berlin for the time being. Hitler took this as a signal that he should take the initiative in his own hands.

On November 8, 1923, at about 9 pm, Hitler and Erich Ludendorff, at the head of armed attack aircraft, appeared at the Burgerbräukeller beer hall in Munich, where a rally was held with the participation of Kara, Lossow and Seiser. Going inside, Hitler announced the "overthrow of the government of the traitors in Berlin." However, soon the Bavarian leaders managed to leave the pub, after which Carr issued a proclamation dissolving the NSDAP and the assault squads. For their part, the attack aircraft under the command of Ryoma occupied the building of the headquarters of the ground forces in the War Ministry; there they, in turn, were surrounded by soldiers of the Reichswehr.

On the morning of November 9, Hitler and Ludendorff, at the head of a 3,000-strong column of attack aircraft, moved to the Ministry of Defense, however, on Residenzstrasse, a police detachment blocked their path and opened fire. Carrying away the dead and wounded, the Nazis and their supporters left the streets. This episode entered the history of Germany under the name "beer putsch".

In February - March 1924, a trial took place over the leaders of the putsch. Only Hitler and a few of his associates were in the dock. The court sentenced Hitler for high treason to 5 years in prison and a fine of 200 gold marks. Hitler was serving his sentence in Landsberg Prison. However, after 9 months, in December 1924, he was released.

For 9 months in prison, Hitler's work Mein Kampf (Mein Kampf, my struggle) was written. In this work, he outlined his position regarding racial purity, declaring war on the Jews, the Communists, and said that Germany should dominate the world.

On the way to power

During the absence of the leader, the party disintegrated. Hitler had to practically start everything from scratch. Ryom, who began the restoration of the assault detachments, rendered him great help. However, the decisive role in the revival of the NSDAP was played by Gregor Strasser, the leader of right-wing extremist movements in North and Northwest Germany. Bringing them into the ranks of the NSDAP, he helped transform the party from a regional (Bavarian) into a nationwide political force.

In April 1925, Hitler renounced his Austrian citizenship and was stateless until February 1932.

In 1926, the Hitler Youth was founded, the top leadership of the SA was established, and the conquest of "red Berlin" by Goebbels began. In the meantime, Hitler was looking for support at the all-German level. He managed to win the trust of a part of the generals, as well as establish contacts with industrial magnates. At the same time, Hitler wrote his work "My Struggle".

In 1930-1945 he was the Supreme Fuhrer of the SA.

When the parliamentary elections in 1930 and 1932 brought the Nazis a serious increase in deputy mandates, the ruling circles of the country began to seriously consider the NSDAP as a possible participant in government combinations. An attempt was made to remove Hitler from the leadership of the party and to stake on Strasser. However, Hitler managed to quickly isolate his associate and deprive him of any influence in the party. In the end, it was decided in the German leadership to give Hitler the main administrative and political post, surrounding him (just in case) with guardians from the traditional conservative parties.

In February 1932, Hitler decided to put forward his candidacy for the election of the Reich President of Germany. On February 25, the Minister of the Interior of Braunschweig appointed him to the post of attaché at the Braunschweig representation in Berlin. This did not impose on Hitler any official duties, but automatically gave German citizenship and allowed to participate in elections. Hitler took lessons in oratory and acting from the opera singer Paul Devrient, the Nazis organized a grandiose propaganda campaign, in particular, Hitler became the first German politician who made election trips by plane. In the first round on March 13, Paul von Hindenburg won 49.6% of the vote, while Hitler came in second with 30.1%. On April 10, in the second vote, Hindenburg won 53%, and Hitler - 36.8%. The third place was taken both times by the communist Telman.

On June 4, 1932, the Reichstag was dissolved. In the elections held the following month, the NSDAP won a landslide victory with 37.8% of the vote and received 230 seats in the Reichstag, instead of the previous 143. The second place was taken by the Social Democrats - 21.9% and 133 seats in the Reichstag.

On November 6, 1932, early elections to the Reichstag were held. The NSDAP received only 196 seats, instead of the previous 230.

Reich Chancellor and Head of State

Domestic politics

On January 30, 1933, President Hindenburg appointed Hitler Reich Chancellor (head of government). As Reich Chancellor, Hitler was head of the Imperial Cabinet. Less than a month later, on February 27, there was a fire in the parliament building - the Reichstag. The official version of what happened was that the Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe, who was captured while extinguishing the fire, was to blame. It is now considered proven that the arson was planned by the Nazis and directly carried out by stormtroopers under the command of Karl Ernst. Hitler announced a plot by the Communist Party to seize power, and the very next day after the fire, Hindenburg submitted a decree suspending the seven articles of the constitution and vesting the government with emergency powers, which he signed. At the end of 1933, van der Lubbe, the head of the KPD, Ernst Torgler, and three Bulgarian communists, including Georgi Dimitrov, were tried in Leipzig, who were accused of arson. The trial ended in failure for the Nazis, as, thanks to Dimitrov's spectacular defense, all the defendants, with the exception of van der Lubbe, were acquitted.

Nevertheless, taking advantage of the burning of the parliament building, the Nazis increased their control over the state. First the communist and then the social democratic parties were banned. A number of parties were forced to declare self-dissolution. Trade unions were liquidated, whose property was transferred to the Nazi workers' front. Opponents of the new government were sent to concentration camps without trial or investigation. An important part of Hitler's domestic policy was anti-Semitism. Mass persecution of Jews and Gypsies began. On September 15, 1935, the Nuremberg Racial Laws were passed, depriving Jews of civil rights; in the fall of 1938, an all-German Jewish pogrom (Kristallnacht) was organized. The development of this policy a few years later became the operation "endlösung" (final solution), aimed at physical destruction the entire Jewish population. This policy, which Hitler first declared back in 1919, culminated in the genocide of the Jewish population, the decision on which was already made during the war.

On August 2, 1934, President Hindenburg died. According to the results of a plebiscite held in mid-August, the presidency was abolished, and the presidential powers of the head of state were transferred to Hitler as "Führer and Reich Chancellor" (Führer und Reichskanzler). These actions were approved by 84.6% of the electorate. Thus Hitler also became Supreme Commander armed forces, whose soldiers and officers from now on swore allegiance to him personally.

Thus, in 1934, he took the title of leader of the "Third Reich". Assuming even more power for himself, he brought in SS guards, founded concentration camps, modernized and equipped the army with weapons.

Under Hitler's leadership, unemployment was drastically reduced and then eliminated. Large-scale actions were launched to provide humanitarian assistance to the needy population. Mass cultural and sports festivals were encouraged. The basis of the policy of the Hitler regime was preparation for revenge for the lost World War I. To this end, industry was reconstructed, large-scale construction was launched, and strategic reserves were created. Propaganda indoctrination of the population was carried out in the spirit of revanchism.

Beginning of territorial expansion

Shortly after coming to power, Hitler announced Germany's withdrawal from the war clauses of the Treaty of Versailles, which limited Germany's war effort. The 100,000th Reichswehr was turned into a millionth Wehrmacht, tank troops were created, and military aviation was restored. The status of the demilitarized Rhineland was abolished.

In 1936-1939, Germany, under the leadership of Hitler, provided significant assistance to the Francoists during civil war in Spain.

At this time, Hitler believed that he was seriously ill and would die soon. He began to hurry with the implementation of his plans. On November 5, 1937, he wrote a political testament, and on May 2, 1938, a personal one.

In March 1938 Austria was annexed.

In the autumn of 1938, in accordance with the Munich Agreement, part of Czechoslovakia was annexed - the Sudetenland (Reichsgau).

Time magazine, in its issue of January 2, 1939, called Hitler "the man of 1938". The article dedicated to "Man of the Year" began with Hitler's title, which, according to the magazine, reads as follows: "Führer of the German people, Commander-in-Chief of the German Army, Navy & Air Force, Chancellor of the Third Reich, Herr Hitler. The final sentence of a very lengthy article proclaimed:

For those who followed the final events of the year, it seemed more than likely that the Man of 1938 could make the year 1939 unforgettable.

In March 1939, the rest of Czechoslovakia was occupied, turned into a satellite state of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and part of the territory of Lithuania near Klaipeda (Memel region) was annexed. After that, Hitler made territorial claims against Poland (first, on the provision of an extraterritorial road to East Prussia, and then on a referendum on the ownership of the "Polish Corridor", in which people who lived in this territory as of 1918 should have taken part ). The latter requirement was clearly unacceptable to Poland's allies - Great Britain and France - which could serve as a basis for the brewing of a conflict.

The Second World War

These claims are met with a sharp rebuff. On April 3, 1939, Hitler approved a plan for an armed attack on Poland (Operation Weiss).

August 23, 1939. Hitler concludes a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, the secret appendix to which contained a plan for the division of spheres of influence in Europe. On September 1, the Gleiwitz incident occurred, which gave rise to the attack on Poland (September 1), which marked the beginning of World War II. Having defeated Poland during September, Germany in April-May 1940 occupied Norway, Denmark, Holland, Luxembourg and Belgium and broke through the front in France. In June, Wehrmacht forces occupied Paris and France capitulated. In the spring of 1941, Germany, under the leadership of Hitler, captured Greece and Yugoslavia, and on June 22 attacked the USSR. The defeats of the Soviet troops at the first stage of the Soviet-German war led to the occupation of the Baltic republics, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and the western part of the RSFSR by German and allied troops. A brutal occupation regime was established in the occupied territories, which destroyed many millions of people.

However, since the end of 1942, the German armies began to suffer major defeats both in the USSR (Stalingrad) and in Egypt (El Alamein). V next year The Red Army went on a broad offensive, while the Anglo-Americans landed in Italy and are withdrawing it from the war. In 1944, Soviet territory was liberated from occupation, the Red Army advanced into Poland and the Balkans; at the same time, Anglo-American troops, having landed in Normandy, liberated most of France. With the beginning of 1945, hostilities were transferred to the territory of the Reich.

Assassination attempts on Hitler

The first unsuccessful assassination attempt on Hitler took place on November 8, 1939, at the Burgerbräu beer hall in Munich, where he spoke every year to veterans of the National Socialist German Workers' Party. Carpenter Johann Georg Elser built an improvised explosive device with a clockwork into the column, in front of which the leader's podium was usually installed. As a result of the explosion, 8 people were killed and 63 injured. However, Hitler was not among the victims. The Fuhrer, this time confining himself to a brief greeting to the audience, left the hall seven minutes before the explosion, as he had to return to Berlin.

On the same evening, Elser was captured at the Swiss border and, after several interrogations, confessed to everything. As a "special prisoner" he was placed in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, then transferred to Dachau. On April 9, 1945, when the Allies were already near the concentration camp, Elser was shot by order of Himmler.

In 1944, a conspiracy was organized against Hitler on July 20, the purpose of which was to physically eliminate him and conclude peace with the advancing allied forces.

The bombing killed 4 people. Hitler survived. After the assassination attempt, he was unable to stay on his feet all day, as more than 100 fragments were removed from his legs. In addition, he had a dislocation right hand, the hair on the back of the head is scorched and the eardrums are damaged. I was temporarily deaf in my right ear.

He ordered that the execution of the conspirators be turned into humiliating torment, filmed and photographed. Subsequently, he personally watched this film.

Death of Hitler

According to the testimonies of witnesses interrogated by both the Soviet counterintelligence agencies and the relevant allied services, on April 30, 1945, in Berlin surrounded by Soviet troops, Hitler, together with his wife Eva Braun, committed suicide, having previously killed his beloved dog Blondie. In Soviet historiography, the point of view was established that Hitler took poison (potassium cyanide, like most Nazis who committed suicide), however, according to eyewitnesses, he shot himself. There is also a version according to which Hitler, having taken an ampoule of poison into his mouth and bit through it, simultaneously shot himself with a pistol (thus using both instruments of death).

According to witnesses from among the attendants, even the day before, Hitler gave the order to deliver canisters of gasoline from the garage (to destroy the bodies). On April 30, after dinner, Hitler said goodbye to people from his inner circle and, shaking hands with them, retired to his apartment with Eva Braun, from where the sound of a shot was soon heard. Shortly after 3:15 pm, Hitler's servant Heinz Linge, accompanied by his adjutant Otto Günsche, Goebbels, Bormann and Axmann, entered the Fuhrer's quarters. Dead Hitler sat on the couch; there was a blood stain on his temple. Eva Braun lay next to her, with no visible external injuries. Günsche and Linge wrapped Hitler's body in a soldier's blanket and carried it into the garden of the Reich Chancellery; Eve's body was carried out after him. The corpses were placed near the entrance to the bunker, doused with gasoline and burned.

On May 5, the bodies were found on a piece of blanket sticking out of the ground and fell into the hands of the Soviet SMERSH. The body was identified, in part, with the help of Käthe Heuserman (Ketty Geisermann), Hitler's dental assistant, who confirmed the similarity of the dentures shown to her at the identification with Hitler's dentures. However, after leaving the Soviet camps, she retracted her testimony. In February 1946, the remains, identified by the investigation as the bodies of Hitler, Eva Braun, the Goebbels couple - Josef, Magda and their six children, as well as two dogs, were buried at one of the NKVD bases in Magdeburg. In 1970, when the territory of this base was to be transferred to the GDR, at the suggestion of Yu.V. the city of Schönebeck, 11 km from Magdeburg and thrown into the river Biederitz). Only the dentures and part of the skull with the entrance bullet hole (discovered separately from the corpse) have survived. They are stored in the Russian archives, as are the side handles of the sofa with traces of blood on which Hitler shot himself. In an interview, the head of the FSB Archive said that the authenticity of the jaw had been proven by a number of international-level examinations. However, Hitler's biographer Werner Maser expresses doubts that the discovered corpse and part of the skull really belonged to Hitler. In September 2009, researchers from the University of Connecticut, based on the results of their DNA analysis, stated that the skull belonged to a woman less than 40 years old. Representatives of the FSB denied this.

In the world, however, there is a popular urban legend that the corpses of Hitler's doubles and his wife were found in the bunker, and the Fuhrer himself and his wife allegedly hid in Argentina, where they lived quietly until the end of their days. Similar versions are put forward and proved even by some historians, including the British Gerard Williams and Simon Dunstan. However, official science rejects such theories.

Adolf Hitler video

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Photos of Adolf Hitler

Causes of disputes over the name of the German Fuhrer

The father of the Fuhrer of the Third Reich Hitler, Alois, was born in 1837. It was from this time that the "problem of the surname" of the future German dictator began. His mother was Maria-Anna Schicklgruber. If to speak modern language, this woman had the status of a single mother. At the time of the birth of her son, she was not married, so Alois, Adolf's father, was recorded in his mother's surname. Following this logic, Hitler's real name is Schicklgruber. Knowing that the Fuhrer, at least during the years of his active political life, bore the name Hitler, we understand that the situation was not so simple.

Who was Adolf Hitler's grandfather?

Question about grandfather Hitler's is also controversial. To understand the legitimacy of Hitler having this particular surname, it is necessary to establish exactly who was the father of Alois. Here the versions are different, because Maria Anna led a rather dissolute lifestyle in her youth, so it is impossible to be 100% sure who is considered Adolf's grandfather. The most likely option is that the poor miller Johann Georg Hiedler should be recognized as the father of Alois (by the way, this is the most correct spelling of this surname). This man did not have his own house, he lived in poverty all his life. According to some people, during the same period, Maria Anna could also meet Johann Georg's brother, Nepomuk Güttler, who was 15 years younger. But this option is unlikely, because even Hidler himself admitted his paternity. If Alois's father is still not Gidler, but Nepomuk, then Hitler's real name could be Güttler.

Jewish version of the origin of Adolf Hitler

We all remember very well one of the fundamental points of the ideology of the fascist NDASP party, which was total hatred and the need to exterminate the Jewish people. The version that Hitler's father was Jewish appeared in the 1950s. It was expressed by the Governor-General of Poland in the period from 1939 to 1945. Hans France. He told in his memoirs that Hitler's mother, some time before his birth, worked on the estate of the Jewish merchant Frankenberg. Of course, there is no evidence of a mother's love affair with this Jew, but still, according to Hans Frans, Hitler's real name should be Frankenberg.

Considering the likelihood of this version through the prism of the ideology of fascism and National Socialism, historians almost immediately rejected the possibility of such paternity in principle.

Schicklgruber becomes Hitler

In 1876, the Fuhrer's father Alois decided to change his surname. As we have already emphasized, at birth he was recorded by his mother's maiden name. He bore this surname until the age of 39. According to some reports, in 1876 Johann Hiedler was still alive and officially recognized paternity. Other sources claim that Hidler had already died at that time.

How was the name change process? According to the German law in force at that time, to confirm paternity, the testimony of at least three persons who knew the father and mother of the person who changes the data in the information about the parents was necessary. Alois Schicklgruber found three such witnesses. The notary has formalized the change of surname officially. We will not analyze the meaning of changing personal data, because it was a purely personal decision of Alois Hitler.

Adolf Hitler: real surname and name

The bloody German dictator was born on April 20, 1889. It has been 13 years since the changes were made to the birth records of his father. There is no doubt that he could not bear the surname Schicklgruber, although in the first editions of the great Soviet encyclopedia this person appears precisely as Adolf Schicklgruber. By the way, version Soviet historians about Hitler's surname was based on the fact that he put his grandmother's maiden name as a signature in his first drawings.

Today there is no longer a dispute, because all historians are sure that Hitler's real name and surname correspond to those data that have forever remained in the history of the 20th century.

Artem
the most suspicious is that Adolf Aloizevich Austria and the German regions of the Czech Republic roamed without chewing. And he did not even encroach on Switzerland, which is all German.

Is it true that aliens have settled there?

margarita
=))) no. just rich burghers who sponsored Hitler kept money there

I’m more interested in why it was the banks there who began to give money for safekeeping

Artem
because aliens have settled there, obviously

xxx: - I went to Triumphal Square to make a revolution!
- Where are you going, and the lessons?!
- Well maaamaa!
yyy: - Adolf! Adolf, get up, Adolf! The First World War has begun!
- Maaaaaaam, me to the second.

Discussion of the Indian (!!!) film about the life of Adolf Hitler.

xxx: I imagine so! Group dance of the Third Reich! The Soviet army enters Berlin with songs and dances! Captured Jews are dancing in the crematorium! And of course the final dance of Hitler, Stalin and Eva Braun with backing dancers of Soviet and German soldiers and captured burned Jews...

In Moldova, the patronymic is written as a given name, and sometimes there are people who have full name sounds like Anton Andrei Pavel. If you do not know the correct order, then the first thing that comes to mind is "Who are all these people?" :)

wlasser:
went to hml.yandex. there, as examples of use, there is a game: Patronymic.
The meaning is simple: you drive in a first and last name, and Yandex will select a middle name based on the search results.
So, first of all, I drove myself in (but I'm not famous and therefore Yandex could not give out my middle name), then I drove in Vladimir Zhirinovsky, after which I saw what was expected: Volfovich.
Next up is Steve Jobs...
Runet users believe that Steve Jobs has a fucking patronymic.

uuu: something you're sad some. happened what?
xxx: i went to the library
wow: mmm, and?
xxx: how FUCKED to explain that KniGGe is not PendoFF-Albanian jargon, but the surname of the writer, whose full name is Adolf von Knigge. The librarian piously assured that Adolf von is Hitler, and the book is what is on the shelves of this institution = (((

xxx: You would still quote Hitler. Napoleon is no better than Hitler
yyy: By the way, Hitler also has wise and well-grounded sayings.
And Napoleon's expressions were not taken from the ceiling, these are the commandments of the military.
xxx: Their wisdom didn't help them win the war
yyy: And any rational wisdom in general historically breaks down on Russian reality

xxx
do you have a middle name

yyy
Which

xxx
in passport

yyy
Fatherland maybe you mean citizenship

xxx
patronymic

yyy
I don’t understand you. For example, what can it be

xxx
last name, first name, damn, and patronymic.

xxx
what is the father's name?

I read this authentic story somewhere or heard from someone.
Lazar Moiseevich Kaganovich, known as the "iron commissar", after
retirement got into the habit of visiting the library named after Lenin. And there before
the book lending desk was always small, but there was a queue. Lazar Moiseevich
everyone strove to climb out of the queue - and, as a rule, they let him through.
And then one day Kaganovich comes to "Leninka" and sees that at the beginning
a tall gray-haired man with an aquiline profile stands in line. Well,
Lazar Moiseevich rejoiced, and - to him.
- Let me through, please, - he says. - I'm Kaganovich!
“You are Kaganovich, and I am Rabinovich,” the gray-haired man answered him, and did not
missed.

www.smi.marketgid.com
In Berlin found an agreement that Adolf Hitler concluded with ... Satan. The contract is dated April 30, 1932 and signed in blood by both parties. Hitler's political testament.
According to him, the devil gives Hitler almost unlimited power on the condition that he will use it for evil. In exchange, the Fuhrer promised to give his soul in exactly 13 years.
Four independent experts studied the document and agreed that Hitler's signature is indeed genuine, typical of documents signed by him in the 30s and 40s.
According to Portal Credo, the devil's signature also matches the one on other similar contracts with the lord of hell. A lot of such documents are known to historians.

Subject last name first name middle name
The most common surname Derevyannikov and such an unusual patronymic Sirach
Nasrulovich.
The wife, when the second time he made out, could not stand it, he did not turn
probably got used to the attention.

At the institute, he and she Borshchev and Pokhlebkina on this topic love and
was upset.

The patronymic "Ikhtiandrovna", it seems, is clear where, but where does the patronymic come from
DURDYKLYCHEVICH!? I'm serious, I asked him five times what his name is,
finally, spell "Maxim DURDYKLYCHEVICH" (I will not indicate the last name, suddenly
will read :)

I had a friend, a senior comrade on campaigns, named Adolf.
Russian, but was born during the period of friendship between Stalin's Russia and Hitler's
Germany. I suffered from this all my life, but philosophically endured it. Through life
he visited many places, including some time worked in KB
Queen. This was the preamble.
Adolf once said that he was appointed by the Queen in charge
for the development of the space suit. So, Adolf disliked some frame and
entrusted him with the development of a system for removing feces and urine.
Subsequently, that comrade became the Chief Designer (unfortunately, I
forgot his last name).
Adolf laughed:
- My school! If he hadn’t put a comrade on g @ clearly then, there’s no sense in him
would!
Raftsman