Introduction of the European chronology. Chronology: what is it, when did the reckoning begin

One of the main inventions of human civilization is the calendar. All modern calendars have their origins in ancient Egypt. Man has long begun to think about how to fix the phenomena occurring in the world around him. This primarily concerned the most important events in Everyday life, for example, determining the time of the flood of the Nile, which was the main source of the crop. The ancient Egyptians took the sunrise in the evening sky of the brightest star in the northern hemisphere, Sirius, as a landmark.

The history of the calendar

Modern calendars are based on the Roman solar calendar with the division of the year into months, weeks and days. It is clear that the basis for the daytime period is the alternation of daylight and darkness, which reflects the rotation of the Earth around its axis. The basis for the division of the year into months and weeks was the Moon, which revolves around the Earth in a synodic month equal to 29-odd days, while changing its phases. At different peoples and civilizations had their own calendar with different starting dates to count. As in their time in Egypt, so in ancient Rome, the Egyptian priests played a great role in the development of the calendar. The year in all solar calendars was considered according to the time of revolution of the Earth around the Sun. This is the length of the tropical year, it is 365.2522 days. The fundamental problems of all calendars were that the whole number of days did not fit into the length of the year. This introduced errors into all calendars and led to the need for constant revisions.

Introduction to the Julian calendar

The first global reformist step in improving the calendar was taken in ancient Rome during the reign of the Roman emperor Julius Caesar in 46 BC. e. He visited Egypt and studied the calendar that existed there, in which the duration of the tropical year was set at 365.25 days. But since there can only be an integer number of days in a calendar year, the alternation of three years with 365 days was proposed, and the fourth with 366 - in February it had 29 days and was called a leap year. On average, the duration of the year was 365 days and 6 hours. The year in the new calendar began on January 1st. The names of the months were introduced even before Julius Caesar. However, as a sign of his great merits, one of the months of Quintilis was renamed Julius. Now we know it as July. Another month is named after the outstanding Roman emperor and public figure Octavian Augustus, in the Roman abbreviation Augustus. He has come down to our days as Augustus. The beginning of the era began to be considered from the foundation of Rome. Since then, attempts have been repeatedly made to change the name of the months in honor of different emperors, but they did not take root, and the names of the months have survived unchanged to this day.

The introduction of a new chronology in Russia

With the development of civilization, it became very inconvenient to have different calendars in different countries. Trade, navigation, travel expanded contacts between peoples who were not favored by the presence of different chronologies. In the era of Peter in Russia there was a Byzantine calendar. Its structure was the same as that of the Roman Julian, with division into months, weeks and days, New Year fell on September 1, and the beginning of the chronology was considered from the creation of the world. Peter I made changes: the beginning of the new year moved to January 1, and the chronology began to be conducted from the Nativity of Christ. This event took place in 1700, although according to the Byzantine calendar it was 7208 from the creation of the world. Thus, Peter brought Russia closer to European civilization.

Background and introduction of the Gregorian calendar

A great influence on the reform of the calendar had Catholic Church due to the fact that the main church holidays fell on certain calendar dates. Since the Julian calendar was 365.25 days long and the tropical year was 365.2422 days long, the difference was 11 minutes and 14 seconds. The Julian calendar adopted for that period was late by this amount every year. One day late accumulated over 128 years. At the Council of Nicaea in 325, the main creeds were adopted, and church holidays such as Easter were established. The problem arising from the inaccuracy of the calendar affected the correct determination of the date of the Easter holiday. This date is closely associated with such celestial events as the spring equinox and full moon. Easter was usually celebrated on the first Sunday after the spring equinox and the first full moon following it. In the year of the council, the vernal equinox was March 21. But, due to the difference in the duration of the Julian and tropical years, by the sixteenth century an error of 10 days had accumulated. The day of equality of day and night has smoothly moved to March 11. This was the impetus for the fact that Pope Gregory XIII, with the help of the scientist Luigi Luio, carried out a reform of the Julian calendar. The main postulates of the introduction of the new chronology were as follows:
The day of the spring equinox was again postponed to March 21, i.e. gone 10 days.
From a span of 400 years, 3 out of 100 leap years are removed, and there are 97 of them.
The introduction of the new chronology took place in 1582, and many Catholic powers switched to the new chronology. The rest of the countries have been transitioning for several decades, and some for hundreds of years. Not in all countries the introduction of the new chronology went smoothly. The adoption of the Gregorian calendar in Riga led to a popular uprising that lasted more than one year until the instigators were convicted and executed. In Russia, the transition to the Gregorian calendar occurred after the October Revolution. By government decree, after January 31, 1918, the arrival of February 14 began to be considered. This removed the accumulated difference of 13 days. Before the Bolsheviks came to power, the Orthodox Church prevented the introduction of a new chronology in Russia. And in monarchical Russia, the degree of influence of the church on power was very high. To date, almost all countries of the world have switched to a new chronology. The exceptions are countries such as Thailand and Ethiopia. The Orthodox Church also uses the old Julian calendar. How important it is to use the same chronology in neighboring countries can be seen in the following example. There is a scientific study regarding the battle of Austerlitz when Napoleon won. Some scientists argue that it was the use of different calendars in the Russian and Austrian armies that caused inconsistent actions on the battlefield, which led to the defeat. To date, the accuracy Gregorian calendar pretty high. In the past few years, projects have been put forward to revise the current calendar. This concerned mainly the change in the number of days in months, but these proposals remain only projects.

Reckoning: what is it? The chronology is a time reference system (in days, weeks, months, years) that began with a specific event. The chronology could differ among different peoples, confessions. This can be explained by the fact that different events were taken as the starting point. However, today one system of chronology has been officially established all over the world, which is used in all countries and on all continents.

The chronology in Russia

The chronology in Russia was carried out according to the calendar adopted by Byzantium. As you know, after the adoption of Christianity in the tenth century AD, the year of the creation of the world was chosen as a starting point. To be more precise, this day is the day when the first man, Adam, was created. It happened on the first of March 5508 AD. And in Russia for a long time they considered the beginning of spring the beginning of the year.

Reform of Peter the Great

The old chronology "from the creation of the world" was changed by Emperor Peter the Great to the chronology from the Nativity of Christ. this was done from the first of January 1700 (or 7208 "from the foundation of the world"). Why did they change the calendar? It is believed that Peter the Great did this for convenience, to synchronize time with Europe. European countries have long lived according to the system "from the birth of Christ." And since the emperor did a lot of business with the Europeans, this step was quite appropriate. After all, the difference in years in Europe and in Russian Empire at that time was 5508 years!

The Old Russian chronology, therefore, differed from the modern one in the reference point of time. And the chronology before the Nativity of Christ was called the chronology "from the creation of the world."

How it all began

When did the reckoning begin? There is evidence that in 325 AD the first council of Christian bishops took place. It was they who decided that the reckoning should be conducted from the creation of the world. The reason for this countdown was the need to know when to celebrate Easter. The date of the creation of the world was proposed based on considerations and reasoning about the life of Jesus Christ.

After the council of bishops, the Roman Empire adopted this chronology. And after a couple of hundred years, it was proposed to switch to the reckoning from the Nativity of Christ. This idea was expressed by Dionysius the Lesser, a Roman monk, in 532. When Jesus was born is not exactly known, but it happened around the second or fourth year of our era. It was from this year that the countdown of time, which is now called from the Nativity of Christ, began. This point separates new era(ours) from the past (respectively designations AD and BC).

But the world for a long time switched to a new version of the countdown. This took about half a millennium, and for Russia - more than a thousand years. The transition was gradual, so often the year “from the creation of the world” was also indicated in brackets of the date.

Aryan chronology and Slavic chronology

The chronology of the Aryans was conducted from the creation of the world, that is, it was different from what existed in the world. But the Aryans did not believe that the world was created precisely in 5508 BC. In their opinion, the starting point was the year when peace was concluded between the Slavic-Aryans and the Arims (ancient Chinese tribes). Another name for this reckoning is the Creation of the World in the Star Temple. After the victory over the Chinese, a symbol appeared - a rider on a white horse, killing a dragon. The latter in this case symbolized China, which was defeated.

The Old Slavic chronology was carried out according to the Daariysky Krugolet Chislobog. You can read more about this calendar in the corresponding article. After the reform of Peter the Great, they began to say that "he stole 5508 years from the Slavs." In general, the emperor's innovation did not find positive feedback from the Slavs, they resisted him for a long time. But the chronology of the ancient Slavs and their calendar were banned. To date, they are used only by the Old Believers, Ynglings.

The chronology according to the Slavic calendar had its own interesting features:

• The Slavs had only three seasons: spring, autumn, winter. By the way, the whole year among the ancient Slavs was called "summer".
• There were nine months.
• There were forty or forty-one days in the month.

Thus, the chronology of the ancient Slavs, who were pagans, went against the generally accepted Christian one. Indeed, many Slavs, even having adopted the Christian faith, continued to remain pagans. They were true to their worldviews and did not accept the reckoning "from the Nativity of Christ."

The chronology has become a reflection of religion, which has occupied and continues to occupy a dominant position in the state, in society, in the world. Christianity today is practiced by more than thirty percent of the world's population. It is not surprising that the birth of Christ was chosen as its beginning. It has also become convenient to distinguish between the past era and the new one. Peter, having changed the system of chronology in Russia, made it possible to coordinate all the activities of the country with the rest of the world. It is hard to imagine that today there would be an abyss between countries of more than five and a half thousand years! Also positive moment common to all reckoning is convenience in the study of history and other sciences.

Calculation errors. History is fake.

One of the most famous reformers of Russia - Tsar Peter 1 in 1699 issued a decree on the abolition of the old chronology that existed at that time in Russia, and instead introduces, brought from Western Europe new. In addition to this, he approved a decree that from January 1, 1700, it is necessary to introduce the celebration of the New Year everywhere. This is public information found in many history books. But I want to tell you about the calendar that was canceled, for me personally it turned out to be a discovery.

It turns out that at the time Peter introduced a new chronology with a reference point from the Nativity of Christ in Russia, the chronology was conducted from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple, according to which the year was 5508. Many "competent" people believe that the introduction of the new calendar was a progress for Russia, introducing it to European culture. But with this, Tsar Peter I did not just change one calendar for another, he stole from Slavic peoples Russia has five and a half thousand years of native ancient history.
The calendar in force before the reform was called Kolyada Dar (shown in the figure). With its help, it was possible to use the Ancient Slavic chronology system Krugolet Chislobog built on the ancient hexadecimal system calculus. 16 Years of the Circle pass through nine Elements, creating the Circle of Life, which has 144 Years. In the modern sense, the analogue of the Circle of Life (a period of 144 years) is a century (a period of 100 years).

The beginning of Years of the Circular Year falls on the day of the autumnal equinox. On this day, the Great ancient holiday of Ramha-Ita (New Year) began. The full Solar Circle, from Ramha-Ita to Ramha-Ita, was divided into three periods of time - Autumn, Winter and Spring, and, united together, they gave - Summer. From this definition, such concepts as Chronicles, Chronology, etc. appeared. Each period of time of Summer was divided into three parts, which were called - a month: Ramhat, Aylet, Beylet, Gaylet, Daylet, Elet, Veylet, Heylet, Tailet, each of which carries a figurative meaning corresponding to the season of Summer. The even months of Summer have 40 days, and the odd months have 41 days. The ancient calendar instead of 12 month tablets contains only two tablets - an odd and an even month. Since in any Summer all odd months begin on the same day of the week, even months begin on a different day of the week. In addition, there was an even finer division of the month into Weeks, which contained nine days each. Each day of the Week, except for the last, corresponded to a numeral name: Monday, Tuesday, triteynik, chetverik (Thursday), Friday, sixth, seven, octal, and the Week itself, the day on which they do nothing, but rest from the labors of the righteous.

The day is divided into 16 hours (the old hour is equal to 1½ of the new one) and starts at 19:00 in the evening (for Summer time). An hour lasts 144 parts. Part - 1296 shares (1 part = 37.56 sec). Share = 72 moments (1sec = 34.5 shares). Instant \u003d 760 instants (1 sec. \u003d 2484.34 instants). Flash = 160 sigs (1s = 1888102.236 flashes). One second contains 302096358 sig, and 1 sig is approximately equal to 30 oscillations of the electromagnetic wave of the cesium atom, taken as the basis for modern atomic clocks.

There is also a difference in the time frame: according to the modern calendar, a day begins at midnight (24:00 or 00:00), and alternates: night, morning, day, evening. A day according to the Slavic calendar starts from Evening (18:00 or 19:00 when switching to summer time), and alternate: evening, night, morning, day.

V modern reckoning the celebration of the New Year (New Year) falls on the first 20th of September, on the day of the autumnal equinox, an important astrological event. For example, in this year 2009 it will fall on September 20th.

Each of the 16 Years had its own name (the modern analogue of the Zodiac symbols): 1 - Wanderer (Way); 2 - Priest; 3 - Virgo (Priestess); 4 - World (Reality); 5 - Scroll; 6 - Phoenix; 7 - Fox (Nav); 8 - Dragon; 9 - Serpent; 10 - Eagle; 11 - Dolphin; 12 - Horse; 13 - Dog; 14 - Tour (Cow); 15 - Mansions (House); 16 - Temple (Temple).

As mentioned above, every summer passed through 9 elements: 1 - Earth; 2 - Star; 3 - Fire; 4 - Sun; 5 - Tree; 6 - Svaga; 7 - Ocean; 8 - Moon; 9 - God.

Thus it was 144 different options name Years. For example, 2009 is the Summer of the Moon Dog.

Now about the main thing, the beginning modern chronology is the Nativity of Christ, the event is quite understandable to the overwhelming majority modern people. But what kind of event marked the beginning of the Ancient Slavic chronology what is the Creation of the World in the Star Temple. It turns out that in the modern sense this means the conclusion of a peace treaty in such and such a year. A few sources claim that the "peace treaty" was concluded between two countries: Arimia (modern descendant of China) and Rusenia (modern descendant of Russia). This event is immortalized in ancient history. The white horseman slaying the Dragon with a spear has survived to this day in the story known as "George the Victorious slaying the Dragon."

For all who are interested in the content of the article, you can understand the Ancient Slavic chronology in more detail here.

People have always wanted to remember their past. With the advent of writing, it became necessary to keep a chronology.

The very first and natural unit of measurement was the earth day. Observation of the moon helped to establish that one lunar phase lasts an average of 30 days. And after 12 lunar phases the repetition of the first begins. Calendars based on the observation of the moon appeared among many peoples, and although they were inaccurate, they allowed chronology to be kept.

It remains to understand from what point to start the countdown. Most often, any significant event in the age of the people. Such intervals became known as eras. For example, the beginning of the reign of a new leader (the era of the Seleucids - among the inhabitants of the Seleucid state during the accession to the throne of Seleucus), the founding of a new city (the era from the founding of Rome - among the Romans) or simply a significant event (the era from the first Olympic Games- the Greeks).

Another way of reckoning was a sequence of events. It can be represented as follows: ruler X ascended the throne 3 years after the failure of the wheat harvest; 5 years after the beginning of the reign of X, the state was raided by barbarians, etc.

Almost every state had its own chronology. With the development of trade and science in Europe, it became necessary to create a single calendar for Christian countries. In 525, the Roman abbot Dionysius the Small proposed new system reckoning from the Nativity of Christ. At first, the ideas of the abbot were not popular, and each country continued to keep the chronology in its own way, but centuries later, at the end of the 10th century, many European countries began to switch to the calendar proposed by Dionysius. Now any date began to be written with an addition “from the Nativity of Christ” or “from R.Kh.). The final ordering of the calendar occurred during the Renaissance, when the term "before the birth of Christ" was introduced. This greatly facilitated and systematized the chronology of world events. Already closer to the 20th century, the religious phrase "from the birth of Christ" was replaced by the phrase "our era" and the chronology acquired a modern version.

It turns out that modern humanity is reckoning by era, that is, it uses the same methods used by our distant ancestors. Only now we have a more accurate astronomical calendar, and the reference point of the chronology is the same for all countries.

It is interesting: in Russia, the transition to the chronology "from R.Kh." happened by historical standards quite recently - in 1700 by decree of PeterI. Prior to this, the chronology of events was conducted according to the Constantinople era, which began its countdown from 5509 BC. It turns out that according to the Old Believer calendar now (for 2015) the year is 7524. According to the results of the last census, there are 400,000 Old Believers in Russia.

Today, shortly before the new year, we would like to talk about the main calendars of the peoples of the world and the chronology systems that exist on the planet, because not everyone knows what date it is customary to celebrate this very new year, and not everyone knows what year we generally celebrate.

And there is nothing unusual that we are confused, because time is an amazing substance that cannot be touched and felt, the fourth dimension of our three-dimensional physical world. According to modern physicists - theorists, adherents of string theory, time does not exist.

But we are born, grow up, grow up, grow old and go somewhere... And our only constant companions on this planet are the measures of time - seconds, minutes, hours, years. Despite the fact that our planet is not so big, we do not yet have a single calendar - unified system chronology.

The main existing systems of reckoning

And, if in one part of the earth it is now 2014, then in another it is already 2500, in the third the 8th millennium has come! In this article we want to talk about some of the currently existing systems of chronology among various peoples of the world. And let's start with ourselves, namely with our ancestors, calendars and chronology of the Slavic peoples.

Chronology and Calendars of the Slavs

Our ancestors - the Ancient Slavs used the calendar, which is now known under the name - "Slavic Aryan" or "Vedic". It is still used by Yngliists - Old Believers, representatives of the most ancient stream of Slavic Aryans.

And it’s good that they kept it, because lately, more and more people are returning to their roots and want to study and use this valuable knowledge. Moreover, they are not outdated, but on the contrary, they provide answers to many questions that interest us today.

Slavic-Aryan calendar

The Slavic Aryan calendar was officially used in Russia for 7208 years! And time in that calendar was measured in "Circles of Life". One circle of life was equal to 144 years (as the year used to be called).

In one circle of life, our planet, which the Ancient Slavs called Mirgard, made a revolution around the center of the Universe, visiting all 16 "houses" in succession - so many constellations were distinguished by the Slavs, in contrast to the Chinese stellar calendar with its only 12 Constellation Houses.

What is the year of the Slavs now?

Now, according to the Slavic Aryan calendar, we live in 7523 years. The years are officially counted from the “Creation of the World in the Star Temple” - most sources say that there is a direct, rather than allegorical meaning here - meaning the signing of a peace treaty, between our Ancestors - representatives of the “Power of the Great Race” (Russia, Aryans) and “ Empire of the Great Dragon" (Modern China).

And the famous icon depicting, as they say, George the Victorious, killing the Dragon, actually illustrates those ancient events. Since China symbolizes a dragon or a snake.

What were the months, weeks and hours of the Slavs

Slavic-Aryan calendar calculated on the basis of the 16-digit system of calculus.

Respectively, The day of the Slavs consisted of 16 hours. They started in the evening. Each hour had its own name and was approximately equal to 90 minutes.

The month consisted of 40 days, and was called forty years.. (A reflection of this is the tradition that has survived to this day to celebrate the 40th day with the remembrance of the departed, which we have already written about separately, and 9 days exactly the same as it was Slavic week).

In addition, nine sorokovniks (months) - a whole summer (year) - is a complete cycle of our Earth's circulation around Yarila (Sun). Summer consisted of three seasons, three forties each - Spring, Winter, Autumn. Each sorokovnik had its own name and these names were very poetic and accurate:

"Fortieth White Radiance"

"Fortieth Awakening of Nature"

"Fortieth of Sowing and Naming".

Weeks in the calendar of our ancestors of the Slavs, as I said, consisted of nine days and were named after our planets solar system. There were even smaller parts of the measurement of time: an hour, a fraction, an instant, a moment, a sig.

To understand and admire the wisdom of our ancestors, I will say that - 1 sig is approximately equal to 30 oscillations of the electromagnetic wave of the cesium atom, taken as the basis for modern atomic clocks, and such a small fraction still does not exist in more than one clock in the world.

This fact alone shows how distorted the truth is by those who seek to show our ancient ancestors as illiterate savages!

Gregorian and Julian calendars

Julian calendar

The Julian calendar was introduced by Gaius Julius Caesar himself, the great commander and ruler of Rome. And it happened in 45 BC. With the introduction of Christianity into Russia by Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, the Grand Duke, approximately in the year 1000, the Julian calendar also began to spread widely among the Slavic peoples and was used simultaneously with the Vedic.

All holidays Orthodox Church calculated from that time to the present day church calendar — Julian calendar.

Moreover, modern astronomers have recognized that the Julian calendar (old style) is actually more accurate from an astronomical point of view than the widely used Gregorian (new style), since it lags less behind astronomical (natural) cycles.

Gregorian calendar. New and modern chronology

So, in the summer of 7208, Peter the Great issues a Decree, according to which, on the territory of Russia, all previously existing calendars are abolished and the new chronology will start from the Nativity of Christ, then the year was 1700.

Why New Year's Day January 1st

The beginning of the year began to be celebrated on January 1, instead of the magical day of the autumn equinox, as was the case with the Slavs. This calendar is called the Gregorian calendar in honor of Pope Gregory 13, and is valid both in Europe and in the territories of countries former USSR and in many other countries of the world, for the convenience of people.

Have you ever wondered why the beginning of the year is celebrated on January 1st? On December 24, the entire Catholic world celebrates Christmas - the birthday of the baby Jesus. It is from this day that the current calendar begins.

Jesus was a Jew, and on the 8th day the Jews celebrate the rite of circumcision of male babies. This day was the transition from the old year to the new year! It is amazing that every year, gathering with loved ones around the New Year's table, we celebrate the Jewish rite of circumcision of the baby Jesus! But what is interesting is that in fact the Jews themselves have and widely use their own Jewish calendar.

Hebrew or Judaic calendar

The chronology according to the Jewish calendar is conducted from the creation of the world by the Lord. Which, according to the beliefs of the Jews, took place on October 7, 3761 BC - which is called Era from Adam.

The Jewish calendar is lunisolar. That is, both celestial bodies influence the length of the year. The average year is approximately equal to the Gregorian, but sometimes the values ​​\u200b\u200bcan fluctuate, and the difference is 30-40 days.

Another interesting point is that the Jewish calendar does not consist of numbers, but the letters of the alphabet are used. And it is read from right to left, like all books in Hebrew. Each month of the Jewish calendar has a zodiac sign.

Since ancient times, it has been customary to designate the 12 signs of the zodiac with the symbols of its constellations. Months are counted from spring, but New Year begins in autumn and is called Rosh Hashanah. In the evening, when three stars are visible in the sky, a new day begins.

Islamic calendar

In most countries whose dominant religion is Islam, there is a calendar - Islamic or Hijri. It is used both for religious purposes and as the main determinant of time.

Islamic is pure lunar calendar. Beginning of the month - new Moon, the week also consists of seven days, but the day off is Friday, there are only 12 months in a year.

The Muslim calendar is based on the year when the Prophet Muhammad made the Hajj from Mecca to Medina. (It was July 16, 622 Gregorian).

What year is it in the islamic calendar

Therefore, the Muslim New Year begins on the 1st of the month of Muharram. October 26, 2014 according to the Gregorian calendar 1436 Islamic calendar.

Islamic New Year is not a holiday in our understanding. On the eve of the evening, it is best for the faithful to fast, and on spend as much time as possible in prayer and good deeds in the name of the Almighty.

Oriental or Chinese calendar

In most countries of the Asian world, despite the official operation of the Gregorian calendar, the majority of the population uses the chronology system created several thousand years ago (approximately 3 thousand years BC) during the reign of Emperor Huang Di.

And him distinctive feature is that it is both solar-lunar. That is, all months begin with the beginning of a new moon.

When is Chinese New Year 2015?

New Year according to the Eastern calendar is celebrated on The second new moon after the winter solstice is between January 21st and February 21st.. And the New Year is a big and noisy holiday, with bright lights, firecrackers, festive processions and a lot of noise.

The Chinese calendar system is based on the astronomical cycles of the Sun, Earth, Moon, Jupiter and Saturn. The 60-year cycle includes a 12-year Jupiter cycle and a 30-year Saturn cycle.

The ancient Asians and the creators of this chronology system believed that the normal movement of Jupiter brings happiness, goodness and virtue.

They divided the path of Jupiter into twelve equal parts and gave them the name of a certain animal, thus the peoples of Asia created solar-Jupiter 12-year calendar cycle.

There is a legend according to which, when the Buddha decided to celebrate the first New Year, he invited all the animals living on earth. However, only 12 came to the holiday. Then the Buddha, as a gift, decided to give their names to the years, so that every person born in the year of a certain animal acquires the character traits of this animal, both good and bad.

For example, now, December 11, 2014, is the year of the Blue Wood Horse, and c On February 19, 2015, the Year of the Blue Wood Goat will begin..

Thai calendar

When travelers first come to the countries of the south - east Asia. They see with amazement that the term on the packaging of goods has long exceeded the middle of the third millennium.

What year is it in Thailand?

And there is, in the Kingdom of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and some other countries in 2015 will come - the year 2558! The chronology in these countries and among many Buddhists is from the day of Buddha Shakyamuni's departure to nirvana. Welcome to the future!

Moreover, almost every world religion I created my calendar, from the events that people wanted to perpetuate. So, for example, representatives of a fairly common religion at the present time - the Baha'is - created their own calendar.

Baha'i calendar

The Baha'i calendar is currently synchronized with the Gregorian calendar for convenience. It was originally introduced by the Báb. Nowruz - the first day of the New Year is celebrated on the day of the spring equinox (March 20-22).

The Baha'i calendar is based on a solar year of 365 days, 5 hours, and 50 incremental minutes. In the Baha'i calendar, a year consists of 19 months of 19 days each (i.e. 361 days in total) with the addition of four (in leap year- five) days.

Celtic calendar (Irish)

For a long time, it was the Irish calendar that was used in the North Scandinavian countries, as well as in modern Ireland. The year was divided into four seasons. There are 13 months and one day in a year. Months are synchronized according to the lunar cycle. The names of the months correspond to the vowels of Ogham, the Celtic tree alphabet.

That is, this is the famous Druid calendar - a very complex system where the calculation of time takes into account both lunar and solar cycles.

Segments of time, approximately equal to our months, were given the names of trees. The biggest holidays were the days of equinox and solstice. However, about the Celtic calendar, modern researchers are hotly debating. Many scholars believe that the information about the Druid Calendar is based on a misconception by several authors whose writings have become too widely circulated.

We do not undertake to judge, we just want to acquaint the reader with some of the existing or existing systems of chronology.

In an article devoted to world chronology systems, it is impossible to keep silent about the famous "Mayan Calendar".

Mayan calendar

We owe the popularization of knowledge about the Mayan Indian tribes, not least, to the mystic and novelist Frank Waters, the author of many novels and the ancient civilizations of the Maya, the inhabitants of Central America who have gone into centuries.

The main book about the Mayan calendar, which also touches on the predictions of the ancient Mayan astrologers, was the "Book of the Hopi". An equally important role was played by “Mysticism of Mexico: The Coming of the Sixth Age of Consciousness” - this is an unusual mixture of Mayan and Aztec philosophy, where the author suggested that the end of the Mayan calendar will be the backdrop for the transformation of the spiritual consciousness of people around the world.

However, people have chosen to simplify the information presented in the book, perhaps for the sake of sensation, perhaps due to misunderstanding. And so the legend was born, according to which the Mayan Indians predicted the end of the world in 2012, and the Mayan calendar ended on this date.

On the contrary, scientists, researchers of this ancient artifact, say that the Mayan calendar has not yet been deciphered! The information contained in it may not even belong to the Mayan civilization, but is much older. And scientists all over the world are working on the code of this calendar.

Almost any calendar is a mathematical system, Russian mathematician Vladimir Pakhomov, published a book: “ The calendar is a coded message”, which simply stirred up public opinion.

The fact is that the author, with the help of knowledge of mathematical laws, managed to present the calendar as a numerical mathematical matrix. With the help of which you can "decipher" the messages contained in ancient calendars. The scientist is sure that these messages hide the knowledge that was saved for us by our ancient ancestors who came from distant planets.

But whether it is true or not, today we will not tell you, since this is a separate and very long story, which we will gradually tell about on our learning and self-development portal over time. And today we say goodbye to you, we wish you a good New Year, no matter what calendar and chronology system you do it, and next time we will tell you how it is customary to celebrate the New Year among other peoples of the world.