When is the Olympics held? First Olympic Games

The Olympic Games, the Games of the Olympiad are the largest international complex sports competitions of our time, which are held every four years. The tradition that existed in ancient Greece was revived at the end of the 19th century by a French public figure Pierre de Coubertin. The Olympic Games, also known as the Summer Olympics, have been held every four years since 1896, with the exception of years during World Wars. In 1924, the Winter Olympic Games were established, which were originally held in the same year as the summer ones. However, since 1994 the time of the Winter Olympic Games has been shifted by two years from the time of the Summer Games.

Ancient Olympic Games

Olympic Games Ancient Greece were a religious and sports festival held in Olympia. Information about the origin of the games is lost, but several legends have survived describing this event. The first documented celebration dates back to 776 BC. e., although it is known that the games were held before. At the time of the games, a sacred truce was declared, at which time it was impossible to wage war, although this was repeatedly violated.

The Olympic Games essentially lost their importance with the advent of the Romans. After Christianity became official religion, the games began to be considered as a manifestation of paganism and in 394 AD. e. they were banned by the emperor Theodosius I.

The revival of the Olympic idea

The Olympic idea did not disappear completely even after the ban on ancient competitions. For example, in England during the 17th century, "Olympic" competitions and competitions were repeatedly held. Later, similar competitions were organized in France and Greece. However, these were small events that were, at best, regional in nature. The first true predecessors of the modern Olympic Games are the Olympia, which were held regularly during the period 1859-1888. The idea of ​​reviving the Olympic Games in Greece belonged to the poet Panagiotis Sutsos, brought it to life by a public figure Evangelis Zappas.

In 1766, as a result of archaeological excavations in Olympia, sports and temple facilities were discovered. In 1875, archaeological research and excavations continued under German leadership. At that time, romantic-idealistic ideas about antiquity were in vogue in Europe. The desire to revive the Olympic mindset and culture spread fairly quickly throughout Europe. French baron Pierre de Coubertin (fr. Pierre de Coubertin) said then: “Germany unearthed what was left of ancient Olympia. Why can't France restore its old grandeur?

Baron Pierre de Coubertin

According to Coubertin, it was precisely the weak physical condition of the French soldiers that became one of the reasons for the defeat of the French in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. He seeks to change the situation by improving the physical culture of the French. At the same time, he wanted to overcome national selfishness and contribute to the struggle for peace and international understanding. The Youth of the World was to face off in sports, not on the battlefield. The revival of the Olympic Games seemed in his eyes best solution to achieve both goals.

At a congress held June 16-23, 1894 at the Sorbonne (University of Paris), he presented his thoughts and ideas to the international public. On the last day of the congress (June 23), it was decided that the first modern Olympic Games should be held in 1896 in Athens, in the country of origin of the Games - Greece. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) was founded to organize the Games. Greek became the first president of the Committee Demetrius Vikelas, who was president until the end of the 1st Olympic Games in 1896. Baron became general secretary Pierre de Coubertin.

The first Games of our time were indeed a great success. Despite the fact that only 241 athletes (14 countries) took part in the Games, the Games were the largest sporting event ever held since ancient Greece. Greek officials were so pleased that they put forward a proposal to hold the Games of the Olympiad "forever" in their homeland, Greece. But the IOC introduced a rotation between different states, so that every 4 years the Games change the venue.

After the first success, the Olympic movement experienced the first crisis in its history. The 1900 Games in Paris (France) and the 1904 Games in St. Louis (Missouri, USA) were combined with the World Exhibitions. Sports competitions dragged on for months and almost did not enjoy the interest of the audience. Almost only American athletes participated in the Games in St. Louis, since it was very difficult to get from Europe across the ocean in those years for technical reasons.

At the 1906 Olympic Games in Athens (Greece), sports competitions and results again came out on top. Although the IOC initially recognized and supported these "intermediate Games" (just two years after the previous ones), these Games are not now recognized as Olympic Games. Some sports historians consider the 1906 Games to be the salvation of the Olympic idea, as they prevented the games from becoming "meaningless and unnecessary".

Modern Olympic Games

The principles, rules and regulations of the Olympic Games are defined by the Olympic Charter, the foundations of which were approved by the International Sports Congress in Paris in 1894, which, at the suggestion of the French teacher and public figure Pierre de Coubertin, decided to organize the Games on the model of the ancient ones and to create the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

According to the charter of the Games, the Olympiad “…unite amateur athletes of all countries in fair and equal competitions. In relation to countries and individuals, no discrimination is allowed on racial, religious or political grounds ... ". Games are held in the first year of the Olympiad (4-year period between games). The Olympiads have been counted since 1896, when the first Olympic Games took place (I Olympiad - 1896-99). The Olympiad also receives its number in cases where games are not held (for example, VI - in 1916-19, XII-1940-43, XIII - 1944-47). The symbol of the Olympic Games is five fastened rings, symbolizing the unification of the five parts of the world in the Olympic movement, the so-called. Olympic rings. Ring color in top row- blue for Europe, black for Africa, red for America, in the bottom row - yellow for Asia, green for Australia. In addition to Olympic sports, the Organizing Committee has the right to include demonstration competitions in 1-2 sports that are not recognized by the IOC. In the same year as the Olympics, since 1924 the Winter Olympic Games have been held, which have their own numbering. Since 1994, the dates for the Winter Olympic Games have been shifted by 2 years relative to the summer ones. The venue of the Olympics is chosen by the IOC, the right to organize them is granted to the city, not the country. Duration no more than 15 days (winter games - no more than 10).

The Olympic movement has its own emblem and flag, approved by the IOC at the suggestion of Coubertin in 1913. The emblem is the Olympic rings. The motto is Citius, Altius, Fortius (faster, higher, stronger). The flag - a white cloth with the Olympic rings, has been raised at all the Games since 1920.

Among the traditional rituals of the Games:

* lighting the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony (the flame is lit from the sun's rays in Olympia and delivered by the torch relay to the host city of the Games);
* pronouncing by one of the outstanding athletes of the country in which the Olympics takes place, the Olympic oath on behalf of all participants in the games;
* pronouncement on behalf of the judges of the oath of impartial refereeing;
* presentation of medals to the winners and prize-winners of competitions;
* raising the national flag and playing the national anthem in honor of the winners.

Since 1932, the host city has been building the "Olympic Village" - a residential complex for participants in the Games. According to the charter, the Games are competitions between individual athletes and not between national teams. However, since 1908 the so-called. unofficial team standings - determination of the place occupied by teams by the number of medals received and points scored in competitions (points are awarded for the first 6 places according to the system: 1st place - 7 points, 2nd - 5, 3rd - 4, 4 -e - 3, 5th - 2, 6th - 1). The title of Olympic champion is the most honorable and desirable in the career of an athlete in those sports in which Olympic tournaments are held. The exception is football, since the title of world champion in this sport is much more prestigious.

Olympic Games are international sports competitions that are held every four years in different cities. Thousands of athletes from all over the world compete against each other in individual and team sports. Over 1 billion people watch games on TV.

Modern Olympic Games

The first Olympic Games were held in Greece in 776 BC. They were named as ancient games and continued until the 4th century AD. Modern Olympic Games began in 1896 when Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin revived the games to bring peace and friendship to the whole world. There are summer and winter games. Until 1994, both games were held in the same year, but now they are staged with a two-year break from each other.

The modern Olympic Games begin with the opening ceremony. Athletes from all participating countries enter the stadium. Greece comes out first because it was the first country to host the Olympics and the host last. The Olympic flag is raised and the chosen athlete lights the Olympic flame. It is a symbol of spirit, knowledge and life. The fire burns from the opening to the end of the games.

The Olympic rings were created in 1913 and represent the five continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia and South America). All athletes must recite the Olympic Oaths. One of them must promise that all athletes will compete in a fair manner. After each event, medals are given to the first three athletes. They receive gold, silver and bronze medals. Their flags are raised and the anthem of the country of the winner is played.

International Olympic Committee

The IOC is the organization that governs the modern Olympic Games. He decides which sports and events will be held at the Games. The IOC also selects the host city for the Summer and Winter Games. Cities that want to host games must show that they have enough stadiums for all events, they have enough space for all the athletes, they can provide security for the athletes, they can transport athletes and spectators from one event to the next. They also need to build an Olympic village where all the athletes will live during the games.

How can athletes participate?

As a rule, each country decides for itself which athletes will take part. Athletes must be eligible for the Games by winning competitions held prior to the start of the Olympic Games. Athletes who are sent to the games from their country must be citizens of that country. For many years, only amateurs could compete in the games, but in the modern Olympics today, most of the athletes are professionals who make money through the sport.

ancient games

The ancient Olympic Games were held in Olympia and Greece every four years. They were held in honor of the god Zeus. Back then, only Greek men were allowed to participate. The games consisted of races, wrestling, boxing, pentathlon and horse racing. The last were, as a rule, chariot races. When the Romans conquered Greece in 140 BC, the games began to lose their religious significance and in 393 the Roman emperor banned the event.

The Summer Games take place during the summer season in the host country. They lasted 16 days. Today there are more than 270 competitions. More than 15,000 athletes from 190 countries take part in them.

First winter Olympic Games took place in France in 1924. They usually take place in February. Currently, the Winter Olympic Games include more than 60 events. Athletes from more than 60 countries participate in them.

The modern Olympic Games have become very successful and more and more people can watch them on TV, TV stations spend everything more money for the right to broadcast games. The IOC is making more money than ever before. With this money they help athletes in poor countries.

Sochi 2014 Olympic Flame Lighting Ceremony

The first modern Olympic Games were held in the Greek city of Athens from 6 to 15 April 1896.

Decision to hold the First Olympic Games

June 23, 1894, the city of Paris, Sorbonne University - the 1st Congress of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was held. initiated an event to announce a project to revive the Ancient Greek Olympic Games. At the suggestion of the writer and translator Demetrius Vikelas (who later became the First President of the IOC), it was decided to hold the new Olympic Games in the city of Athens (Greece). According to the organizers of the Olympics, such a decision would testify to the continuity of the Olympic Games of modernity with the traditions of Ancient Greece, and, moreover, the city had the only large stadium in all of Europe. Unfortunately, the idea of ​​holding the Games in Olympia had to be abandoned due to the huge costs of reconstructing the stadium.

Opening ceremony of the First Olympic Games

On Easter Monday of Christianity (Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Protestantism) and, moreover, on Greek Independence Day, April 6, 1896, the opening ceremony of the First Summer Olympic Games of our time took place. More than 80 thousand spectators were present at the stadium in Athens on the day of the grand opening of the competition. attended the ceremony and The Royal Family Greece. King George I from the podium solemnly declared the First International Olympic Games in the city of Athens open.

From that day on, the first Olympic traditions were born: the head of state, where the competitions are held, opens the Games, and the Olympic anthem sounds at the Games ceremony. True, such traditions of the Olympics as the fire-lighting ceremony, the parade of the participating countries, and the pronunciation of the oath have not yet been established.

Participants of the First Olympic Games

More than two hundred and forty male athletes took part in the first Olympic competitions. Forty-three sets of Olympic medals were awarded in such Olympic sports: wrestling, Athletics, cycling, swimming, shooting, gymnastics, tennis, fencing, weightlifting.

According to the IOC, representatives of fourteen countries participated in the First Modern Olympiad, their athletes were delegated: Australia, Bulgaria, Austria, Great Britain, Germany, Hungary, Greece, Cyprus, Egypt, Izmir, Italy, Denmark, USA, Chile, France, Sweden and Switzerland .

Olympic Games

1 Ancient Olympic Games

2 Revival of the Olympic Games

3 Modern Olympic Games

• 3.1 Winners of the Summer Olympic Games in the team standings

  3.2 Winners of the Winter Olympic Games in the team standings

  3.3 Amateur spirit

  3.4 Funding

  3.5 Venues of the Olympic Games

Olympic Games- the largest international complex sports competitions which are held every four years. The tradition that existed in Ancient Greece, was revived at the end 19th century French public figure Pierre de Coubertin. Olympic Games, also known as Summer Olympics have been held every four years since 1896 , except for the years that fell on world wars. V 1924 have been established Winter Olympics, which were originally held in the same year as the summer ones. However, starting from 1994, the time of the Winter Olympic Games has been shifted by two years from the time of the Summer Games.

In the same venues of the Olympic Games, two weeks later, Paralympic Games for people with disabilities.

Ancient Olympic Games

The Olympic Games of Ancient Greece were a religious and sporting festival held in Olympia. Information about the origin of the games is lost, but several myths have survived that describe this event. Many documents, buildings and sculptures of that period have come down to us from history. If you look closely, we will notice that all the statues of that period show the bodies of people and not just any bodies, but beautiful ones. At that period of history, the cult of beautiful forms for buildings and the cult of beautiful bodies. "A healthy mind in a healthy body" - this is how one of the ideas and reasons for the appearance of such beautiful sculptures can be described. Sports activities and sports competitions began already in this ancient period. The winners of the competitions were revered as heroes in war. The first documented celebration dates back to 776 BC. They were instituted by Hercules, although games are known to have been held before. At the time of the games, a sacred truce (έκεχειρία ), at this time it was impossible to wage war, although this was repeatedly violated. The Olympic Games essentially lost their importance with the advent of the Romans. After Christianity became the official religion, the games began to be seen as a manifestation of paganism, and in 394 A.D. e. they were banned by the emperor Theodosius I.

Revival of the Olympic Games

Baron Pierre de Coubertin

The Olympic idea did not disappear completely even after the ban on ancient competitions. For example, in England during 17th century"Olympic" competitions and competitions were repeatedly held. Later, similar competitions were organized in France and Greece. However, these were small events that were, at best, regional in nature. The first true predecessors of the modern Olympic Games are the Olympia, which were held regularly during the period 1859 -1888. The idea of ​​reviving the Olympic Games in Greece belonged to the poet Panagiotis Sutsos, brought it to life by a public figure Evangelis Zappas.

In 1766, as a result of archaeological excavations in Olympia, sports and temple facilities were discovered. In 1875, archaeological research and excavations continued under German leadership. At that time, romantic-idealistic ideas about antiquity were in vogue in Europe. The desire to revive the Olympic mindset and culture spread fairly quickly throughout Europe. French baron Pierre de Coubertin ( fr. Pierre de Coubertin), later reflecting on the contribution of France, said: “Germany unearthed what was left of ancient Olympia. Why can't France restore its old grandeur?

According to Coubertin, it was precisely the weak physical condition of the French soldiers that became one of the reasons for the defeat of the French in Franco-Prussian War 1870 -1871 . He sought to change the situation by improving the physical culture of the French. At the same time, he wanted to overcome national selfishness and contribute to the struggle for peace and international understanding. The Youth of the World was to face off in sports, not on the battlefield. The revival of the Olympic Games seemed in his eyes the best solution to achieve both goals.

At a convention held June 16-23, 1894 in Sorbonne(University of Paris), he presented his thoughts and ideas to the international public. On the last day of the congress, it was decided that first modern olympic games to be held in 1896 in Athens, in the parent country of the Games - Greece. To organize the Games, was founded International Olympic Committee(IOC). Greek became the first president of the Committee Demetrius Vikelas who was president until graduation I Olympic Games 1896. Baron Pierre de Coubertin became general secretary.

Poster of the first Olympic Games

The first Games of our time were a great success. Despite the fact that only 241 athletes (14 countries) took part in the Games, the Games were the largest sporting event ever held since ancient Greece. Greek officials were so pleased that they put forward a proposal to hold the Games of the Olympiad "forever" in their homeland, Greece. But the IOC introduced a rotation between different states, so that every 4 years the Games change the venue.

After the first success, the Olympic movement experienced the first crisis. II Olympic Games 1900 v paris (France) and III Olympic Games 1904 v St. Louis (Missouri, USA) were combined with World exhibitions. Sports competitions dragged on for months and almost did not enjoy the interest of the audience. At the 1900 Olympics in Paris, for the first time, women and a team participated Russian Empire. At the 1904 Olympics in St. Louis, almost only American athletes participated, since from Europe to get across the ocean in those years was very difficult for technical reasons.

On the Extraordinary Olympic Games 1906 in Athens (Greece), sports competitions and achievements again came out on top. Although the IOC initially recognized and supported these "intermediate Games" (just two years after the previous ones), these Games are not now recognized as Olympic Games. Some sports historians consider the 1906 Games to be the salvation of the Olympic idea, as they prevented the games from becoming "meaningless and unnecessary".

Modern Olympic Games

The principles, rules and regulations of the Olympic Games are defined Olympic Charter, the foundations of which are approved International Sports Congress v paris v 1894 who, at the suggestion of a French educator and public figure, received Pierre de Coubertin the decision to organize the Games on the model of the ancient ones and to create International Olympic Committee(IOC). According to the charter, the Olympic Games “… bring together amateur athletes from all countries in fair and equal competition. In relation to countries and individuals, no discrimination is allowed on racial, religious or political grounds ... ". Apart from Olympic sports, the organizing committee has the right, at its choice, to include demonstration competitions in 1-2 sports not recognized by the IOC in the program.

Olympic Games, also known as Summer Olympics are held in the first year of the 4-year (Olympic) cycle. Olympiads are counted from 1896 when the first Olympic Games took place (I Olympiad - 1896-99). The Olympiad also receives its number in cases where games are not held (for example, VI - in 1916-19, XII-1940-43, XIII - 1944-47). The term "Olympics" officially means a four-year cycle, but unofficially it is often used instead of the name "Olympic Games" . In the same years as the Olympic Games, with 1924 were carried out Winter Olympics, which have their own numbering. In the numbering of the Winter Olympic Games, missed games are not taken into account (after the IV Games 1936 followed by V games 1948 ). Since 1994, the dates for the Winter Olympic Games have been shifted by 2 years relative to the summer ones.

The venue of the Olympics is chosen by the IOC, the right to organize them is granted to the city, not the country. The duration of the Games is on average 16-18 days. Taking into account the climatic features of different countries, the Summer Games can be held not only in the "summer months". So XXVII Summer Olympic Games 2000 v Sydney (Australia), due to Australia's location in the Southern Hemisphere, where summer begins in December, were held in September, that is, in autumn.

Symbol of the Olympic Games- five fastened rings, symbolizing the unification of the five parts of the world in the Olympic movement, i.e. the Olympic rings. The colors of the rings in the top row are blue, black and red. The bottom row is yellow and green. The Olympic Movement has its own emblem and flag, approved by the IOC on the proposal Coubertin v 1913 . The emblem is the Olympic rings. Motto - Citius, Altius, Fortius (lat. "faster, higher, stronger"). Flag- a white flag with Olympic rings, rises at all Games, starting from VII Olympic Games 1920 v Antwerp (Belgium), where it also began to be given for the first time Olympic oath. The parade of national teams under the flags at the opening of the Games is held from IV Olympic Games 1908 v London (Great Britain). WITH 1936 Olympics v Berlin (Germany) relay race is held Olympic flame. Olympic mascots first appeared at the 1968 Summer and Winter Games unofficially, and are approved from the 1972 Olympics.

Among the traditional rituals of the Games (in the order they were held):

grandiose and colorful opening and closing ceremonies of the Games. From year to year, the best of the best from all over the world are involved in the development of scenarios for these spectacles: screenwriters, organizers of mass shows, special effects specialists, etc. Many famous singers, actors and other very eminent people strive to take part in this spectacle. Broadcasts of these events break records of viewer interest every time. Each host country of the Olympics strives to surpass all previous ones in scope and beauty of these ceremonies. Scenarios of ceremonies are kept in the strictest confidence until they begin. The ceremonies are held at the central stadiums with a large capacity, in the same place where competitions are held. athletics(Exception: Summer Olympics 2016 where central Stadium, will host football finals, without athletics).

opening and closing begins with a theatrical performance, which should present the audience with the appearance of the country and the city, acquaint them with their history and culture.

solemn passage of athletes and members of delegations through the central stadium. Athletes from each country go in a separate group. Traditionally, the first is the delegation of athletes from Greece - the parent country of the Games. The other groups are in order according to the alphabetical order of the names of the countries in the language of the country hosting the Games. (Or in the official language of the IOC - French or English). Each group is preceded by a representative of the host country, carrying a sign with the name of the respective country in the language of the host country and in the official languages ​​of the IOC. Behind him at the head of the group is the flag bearer - usually an athlete participating in the games, carrying the flag of his country. The right to carry the flag is very honorable for athletes. As a rule, this right is entrusted to the most titled and respected athletes.

delivery of welcoming speeches by the President of the IOC (obligatory), the head or official representative of the state in which the Games are held, sometimes the mayor of the city or the chairman of the Organizing Committee. The latter at the end of the speech should say the words: "(the serial number of the games) I declare the summer (winter) Olympic Games open." After that, as a rule, a cannon volley and many volleys of salute and fireworks are fired.

raising the flag of Greece as the parent country of the Games with the performance of its national anthem.

raising the flag of the host country of the Games with the performance of its national anthem.

utterance by one of the outstanding athletes of the country in which the Olympics take place, Olympic oath on behalf of all participants in the fair fight games in accordance with the rules and principles of sport and the Olympic spirit ( last years words about the non-use of prohibited drugs - doping are also necessarily pronounced);

oath of impartial refereeing by several judges on behalf of all judges;

raising the Olympic flag and playing the official Olympic anthem.

sometimes - raising the flag of Peace (a blue cloth, which depicts a white dove holding an olive branch in its beak - two traditional symbols of Peace), symbolizing the tradition to stop all armed conflicts for the duration of the Games.

crowns the opening ceremony Olympic flame. The fire is ignited by the sun's rays Olympia(Greece) in the Temple pagan Greek god Apollo(in ancient Greece Apollo considered the patron saint of the Games). "High Priestess" Hera says a prayer like this: Apollo, the god of the sun and the idea of ​​light, send your rays and light the sacred torch for the hospitable city ... (name of the city) " . “The Olympic torch relay was held until 2007 all over the world. Now, for the purposes of the anti-terrorist campaign, the torch is carried only in the country in which the games are held. The relay is of great interest in all countries through which the path of the Olympic flame lies It is considered a great honor to carry the torch The first part of the relay passes through the cities of Greece The last part of the relay passes through the cities of the host country The torch is delivered to the host city. Athletes from this country deliver the torch to the central stadium at the very end of the ceremony. At the stadium, the torch is carried around the circle several times, passing from hand to hand, until it is given to the athlete who is entrusted with the right to light the Olympic flame. This right is the most honorable .The fire is ignited in a special bowl, the design of which is unique for every Olympics. Also, the organizers always try to come up with an original and interesting way of lighting. The bowl is located high above the stadium. The fire must burn throughout the Olympics and is extinguished at the end of the closing ceremony.

presentation to the winners and prize-winners of the competition medals on a special podium with a rise state flags and fulfillment of the national anthem in honor of the winners.

During the closing ceremony, there is also a theatrical performance - farewell to the Olympics, the passage of participants, a speech by the President of the IOC and a representative of the host country. However, the closing of the Olympics is announced by the President of the IOC. This is followed by the performance of the country's anthem, the Olympic anthem, while the flags are lowered. The representative of the host country solemnly passes the Olympic flag to the President of the IOC, who in turn passes it to the representative of the Organizing Committee of the next Olympiad. This is followed by a short introduction of the next city hosting the Games. At the end of the ceremony, the Olympic flame is slowly extinguished to lyrical music.

WITH 1932 host city builds" Olympic village» - a complex of residential premises for participants in the games.

The organizers of the Games are developing the symbolism of the Olympics: the official emblem and mascot of the Games. The emblem usually has a unique design, stylized according to the characteristics of a given country. The emblem and mascot of the Games are an integral part of souvenir products, produced on the eve of the Games in large quantities. Souvenir sales can make up a large portion of Olympic revenue, but they don't always cover costs.

According to the charter, the Games are competitions between individual athletes and not between national teams. However, since 1908 the so-called. unofficial team standings - determination of the place occupied by teams by the number of medals received and points scored in competitions (points are awarded for the first 6 places according to the system: 1st place - 7 points, 2nd - 5, 3rd - 4, 4 -e - 3, 5th - 2, 6th - 1).

Winners of the Summer Olympic Games in the team event

Olympic number	Year	1st place	2nd place	3rd place
			Greece	Germany
		France		Great Britain
			Germany	Cuba
		Great Britain		Sweden
			Sweden	Great Britain
		did not take place due to World War 1
			Sweden	Great Britain
			Finland	France
			Germany	Finland
			Italy	France
		Germany		Hungary
		did not take place due to World War II
			Sweden	France
			the USSR	Hungary
		the USSR		Australia
		the USSR		Italy
			the USSR	Japan
			the USSR	Japan
		the USSR
		the USSR
		the USSR		Bulgaria
			Romania
		the USSR
		United team		Germany
			Russia	Germany
			Russia	China
			China	Russia
		China		Russia
			China	Great Britain

Winners of the Winter Olympic Games in the team event

Olympic number	Year	1st place	2nd place	3rd place
		Norway	Finland	Austria
		Norway		Sweden
			Norway	Sweden
		Norway	Germany	Sweden
		did not take place due to World War II
		did not take place due to World War II
		Norway	Sweden	Switzerland
		Norway		Finland
		the USSR	Austria	Finland
		the USSR	Germany
		the USSR	Austria	Norway
		Norway	the USSR	France
		the USSR		Switzerland
		the USSR
		the USSR
			the USSR
		the USSR		Switzerland
		Germany	United team	Norway
		Russia	Norway	Germany
		Germany	Norway	Russia
		Norway	Germany
		Germany		Austria
		Canada	Germany

Rank Olympic champion is the most honored and desired in a career athlete in the sports for which the Olympic tournaments. Cm. Olympic sports. The exceptions are football, baseball, etc. game types sports taking place in open areas, as either youth teams take part in them (football - up to 23 years old), or because of the tight game schedule, not the strongest players come.

the USSR participated in Summer Games beginning with 1952 Olympics v Helsinki, in winter - from 1956 Olympics v Cortina d'Ampezzo. After collapse of the USSR on the Summer Olympics 1992 v Barcelona country athletes CIS, including Russia, participated in the joint team under a common flag, and starting from Winter Olympics 1994 v Lillehammer- in separate teams under their own flags.

A number of Games have been held since Boycott the Olympics for political and other protest reasons. Especially massive was the boycott of summer 1980 Olympics v Moscow(from Western countries) and 1984 Olympics v Los Angeles(from the countries of the socialist camp).

amateur spirit

Coubertin originally wanted to make the Olympic Games amateur a competition in which there is no place for professionals involved in sports for money. It was believed that those who received money for playing sports had an unfair advantage over those who practiced sports as hobby. Not even allowed trainers and those who received cash prizes for participation. In particular, Jim Thorpe v 1913 was deprived of medals - it turned out that he played semi-professional baseball.

After the war, with the professionalization of European sports and the emergence of state-subsidized Soviet "amateurs" on the international scene, the requirement for amateurism in most sports fell away. At the moment in the Olympic Games amateur are boxing(fights go according to the rules of amateur boxing) and football(youth team competitions - all players, except for three, must be under 23 years old).

Financing

Financing of the Olympic Games (as well as directly organizing them) is carried out by the Organizing Committee established in the host country. The bulk of the commercial revenues from the games (primarily the major sponsors of the IOC's marketing program and television broadcast revenues) go to the International Olympic Committee. In turn, the IOC directs half of these funds to the organizing committees, and uses the other half for its own needs and the development of the Olympic movement. The Organizing Committee also receives 95% of the proceeds from ticket sales. But the main part of the funding in recent decades has, as a rule, come from public sources, and the main costs are not for hosting the games, but for infrastructure development. Thus, the main part of the costs during the Olympic Games in London in 2012 fell on the reconstruction of areas adjacent to the Olympic Park.

Only running competitions were held at a distance of one stadium (from the Greek stages = 192 m). Gradually, the number of sports increased, and the games turned into significant event for the entire Greek world. It was a religious and sports holiday, during which a mandatory "sacred peace" was declared and any military action was prohibited.

The history of the first Olympiad The period of truce lasted a month and was called ekecheiriya. It is believed that the first Olympiad took place in 776 BC. e. But in 393 AD. e. Roman Emperor Theodosius I banned the Olympic Games. By that time, Greece lived under the rule of Rome, and the Romans, having converted to Christianity, believed that the Olympic Games with their worship pagan gods and the cult of beauty are incompatible with the Christian faith. The Olympic Games were remembered at the end of the 19th century, after they began to carry out excavations in ancient Olympia and discovered the ruins of sports and temple facilities. In 1894, at the International Sports Congress in Paris, the French public figure Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) proposed organizing the Olympic Games on the model of the ancient ones. He also came up with the motto of the Olympians: "The main thing is not victory, but participation." De Coubertin wanted only male athletes to compete in these competitions, as in ancient Greece, but women also participated in the second Games. Five multi-colored rings became the emblem of the Games; colors were chosen that are most often found on the flags of various countries of the world.

The first modern Olympic Games took place in 1896 in Athens. In the XX century. the number of countries and athletes participating in these competitions has grown steadily, and so has the number of Olympic sports. Today it is already difficult to find a country that would not send at least one or two athletes to the Games. Since 1924, in addition to the Olympic Games, which take place in the summer, Winter Games have also been organized so that skiers, skaters and other athletes who are involved in winter sports can compete. And since 1994, the Winter Olympic Games have been held not in the same year as the summer ones, but two years later.

The history of the first Olympiad is the most interesting facts.

Sometimes the Olympic Games are called the Olympics, which is incorrect: the Olympics is a four-year period between consecutive Olympic Games. When, for example, they say that the 2008 Games are the 29th Olympiad, they mean that from 1896 to 2008 there were 29 periods of four years each. But there were only 26 Games: in 1916,1940 and 1944. There were no Olympic Games - world wars interfered. The Greek city of Olympia today attracts crowds of tourists who want to look at the ruins excavated by archaeologists. ancient city with the remains of the temples of Zeus, Hera and visit the Archaeological Museum of Olympia. otvetkak.ru