Summary: National parks and reserves. National parks of Russia

10 national parks and reserves of Russia

Ecotourism, or ecotourism, is travel to places with relatively untouched nature. The main principle in such a journey is to do no harm. environment Therefore, ecological routes mainly run through national parks and reserves.

Zabaikalsky National Park.

The Zabaikalsky National Park is located within a typical mountain-taiga region. The relief is mountainous. Within the boundaries of the park, large orographic units are distinguished: the Svyatonossky Range, the Barguzinsky Range, the Chivyrkuisky Isthmus and the Ushkany Islands.

Two mountain ranges extend across the territory of the park in the direction from northeast to southwest: the Barguzinsky Range - gradually lowering from the Barguzinsky Reserve to Lake. Barmashovoye (the highest elevation of the ridge within the park is 2376 m above sea level) and the Sredinny Ridge of the Svyatoi Nos Peninsula (the highest elevation approximately in the middle part of 1877 m), gradually lowering to the north and south. The Chivyrkui Isthmus connects the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula with the eastern shore of Lake Baikal. The Ushkany Islands (Bolshoy Ushkany Island and Small Ushkany Islands) are the peaks of the Academic Ridge, which divides the Baikal depression into two basins - northern and southern.

Altai reserve.

Altai Reserve is a World natural heritage UNESCO since 1998. Included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB) - May 26, 2009. Included in the Global-200 (WWF) list of virgin or little-modified ecoregions of the world, in which 90% of the planet's biodiversity is concentrated.

The territory occupied by the Altai Reserve includes five physiographic regions of three natural provinces. In the spectrum altitudinal zonality almost all natural belts of the Altai Mountains are distinguished: taiga low and middle mountains, subalpine and alpine meadow middle and high mountains, tundra-steppe high mountains, tundra middle and high mountains, glacial-nival high mountains. Forests occupy 34% of the total area of ​​the main zone. They are located in the lower and middle parts of the mountains, on the steep slopes of the valleys, as well as on the lower parts of the sloping crests. The lower border of the forest begins at the level of 436 meters (the level of Lake Teletskoye), and the upper one is different in different parts. So, if in the southeast it is at an altitude of 2000-2200 m above sea level, then in the northwest it drops to a level of 1800-2000 m.

Lazovsky Reserve.

Of particular value to the protected area is a unique grove of relic yew pointed on about. Petrov, thickets of endemic microbiota of a cross-pair population of such rare animals as the Amur goral, the Amur tiger, the Ussuri spotted deer.

The Lazovsky Reserve is located on the southern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin, between the rivers Kievka and Chernaya. Ridge Zapovedny divides the territory of the reserve into two parts - northern continental and southern coastal. The average height of the mountains is 500-700 m, some peaks reach 1200-1400 m above sea level. The slopes of the mountains have different steepness, on average 20-25 degrees, their ridges are narrow, but flat. Significant areas are occupied by stony placers. The height of the spurs decreases in the east towards the sea, the watershed ridges pass into small hilly ridges up to 100 m high.

Reserve "Kedrovaya Pad".

The very first reserve in the Far East and one of the oldest reserves in Russia, formed to preserve and study the undisturbed liana coniferous-deciduous forests of Southern Primorye, unique for Russia, characterized by a high proportion of rare and endemic species of flora and fauna. The reserve and its environs is the only place in Russia where the Far Eastern leopard lives.

The most valuable are black-fir-broad-leaved forests or black-fir forests, the Far Eastern leopard, on Mount Chalban plants are common that are very rare in other places of the Far East - currant bloater, Komarov's currant. In the reserve, for the first time, a rocky primrose was found (on Mount Chalban) and species new to science were described - the Far Eastern violet and the Ussuri corydalis. The Kedrovaya River flows on the territory of the reserve - its length does not exceed 25 kilometers. It is she who is the ideal of a clean river for scientists all over the world.

National Park Samarskaya Luka.

The Samarskaya Luka National Park was created in 1984 by decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, and is one of the first three national parks in Russia.

Samarskaya Luka is a unique area formed by the bend of the largest European river Volga in its middle course and the Usinsk Bay of the Kuibyshev reservoir. The Volga in this place makes a large arc facing east, and then turns to the southwest. Its length is more than 200 km. Highly elevated ancient carbonate rocks here form a semblance of an island.

There is an unusually high concentration of monuments of almost all cultures of the European forest-steppe known to science, from the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age to the present. On the territory of Samarskaya Luka there are about 200 natural historical monuments. It is also rich in archaeological finds.

Smolenskoye Poozerye National Park.

The Smolenskoye Poozerye National Park was established on the territory of the Demidovsky and Dukhovshchinsky districts of the Smolensk region in 1992 "to preserve natural complexes for recreational, educational, scientific and cultural purposes." In November 2002, it was awarded the status of a biosphere reserve of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) program. The name "Smolenskoye Poozerye" is due to 35 large and small glacial lakes located in the park. Each of these lakes is beautiful and unique in its own way.

By configuration, the territory of the park is almost a regular rhombus. The maximum distance from west to east is 55 km, from north to south - 50 km. The geographical center of the park is located in the area of ​​the village. Przhevalskoye. The total area of ​​the park within the boundaries approved by state acts is 146,237 hectares. Secured territory is 500 m of territory adjacent to the border of the park.

National Park Curonian Spit.

The Curonian Spit National Park is located in the Kaliningrad region bordering Lithuania on a narrow strip of land between the salty Baltic Sea and the freshwater Curonian Lagoon. The northern borders of the park run along the Russian-Lithuanian border.

The natural uniqueness of the territory of the national park is that it is the largest sand bar in the world. The dune landscapes of the spit are distinguished by their exceptional beauty and aesthetic impact on humans and represent a unique object for the development of ecological tourism.

The Curonian Spit was regarded as “an exceptional example of a landscape consisting of sand dunes and under constant threat from natural forces such as wind and water. After the destructive intervention of a man who threatened the existence of the spit, it was restored through stabilization and protection work begun in the 19th century and continuing to this day. Currently, the territory of the Curonian Spit is officially under the protection of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.

Valdai National Park.

The Valdaisky National Park was established to preserve the unique lake-forest complex of the Valdai Upland and create conditions for the development of organized recreation in this area. The basis for the creation of the park was the unique combination and richness of natural components, the degree of their preservation and the possibility of maintaining ecological balance, the huge aesthetic impact of natural landscapes. A differentiated regime of special protection has been established on the territory of the park, taking into account its natural, historical and cultural features. In accordance with this, the following functional zones have been identified: reserved, specially protected, recreational, regulated use zone around lakes and rivers, as well as a visitor service zone.

Ilmensky reserve.

One of the oldest reserves in Russia, established in 1920 to preserve unique mineral deposits. Since 1935, it has been transformed into a complex reserve for the conservation and study of mineral wealth, flora and fauna of the eastern macroslope of the Southern Urals. In 1991, the Arkaim historical and archaeological branch (now the Stepnoye forestry) was attached to the reserve to preserve and study the unique monument of the early urban civilization of the Bronze Age - the Arkaim settlement and the archaeological complex in the Bolshekaraganskaya valley. The reserve is the only mineralogical reserve in the country and one of the few mineralogical reserves in the world.

State National Park System Russian Federation began to form more than 20 years ago, the first national parks “ ” were formed in 1983. As of December 31, 2007, there were 40 national parks in the Russian Federation with a total area of ​​7.732 million hectares (0.45% of the territory of Russia). National parks are located on the territory of 11 republics, 4 territories, 19 regions, 1 autonomous district, 1 federal city. All 40 national parks were under the direct control of Rosprirodnadzor.
The rapid expansion of the network of national parks in Russia took place in 1991-1994: by the end of 1994, their number reached 27. In the same period, the regulatory framework was re-formed: the regulation on national natural parks of the Russian Federation was adopted, replacing the regulation of 1981. In 1995, the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Territories" was adopted, which is still in force.
In subsequent years, the rate of growth in the number of national parks slowed down. In 2013, three national parks were established: "", "" and "

In an effort to conserve the natural diversity of the country, protected areas were created in Russia according to federal law reserves and national parks.

If in Europe and the USA protected areas are created as places of recreation and entertainment, then in Russia the priority is the protection of unique representatives of the world of animals and plants, as well as their study and protection. At the moment, there are 109 nature reserves and 46 national parks in the Russian Federation, 32 of which are included in the system of international monitoring of the biospheric state.

The reserves of Russia are natural complexes protected by the state, where economic activity is not carried out, fishing and hunting are not allowed. In Russia, the creation of protected areas began quite a long time ago, the first to begin work in 1917 was the Barguzinsky Reserve (Buryatia). There are protected areas in almost all regions of Russia, the largest number of them is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory - 7, in the Crimea - 6, in the Khabarovsk Territory - 5.

Many territories are included in the reserves of Russia, the list opens with the largest in Eurasia and the third in the world, the Great Arctic Reserve (Taimyr), whose area is more than 40 thousand square kilometers of the Arctic tundra, where the polar bear, musk ox, reindeer, and also walruses, bearded seals, seals and beluga whales.

The smallest reserve is Belogorye (Belgorod), where the southern nature of the Central Russian Upland is preserved unchanged: three-hundred-year-old oaks and feather-grass steppe, alpine forbs, as well as archaeological monuments - mounds built about 25 thousand years BC.

The reserves of Russia, although they are objects of nature protection, are still accessible to tourists, some can be visited by excursion groups, others - on their own. So, special hiking trails are laid around Lake Baikal, and the Caucasian Reserve, in particular Elbrus, is regularly visited not only by tourists, but also by athletes - climbers and skiers. Almost all reserves in Russia have a tourist infrastructure: hotels, recreation centers and cafes have been built, routes have been laid and marked, some offer rafting, horse or boat rides, and scuba diving.

National parks of Russia

National parks have been created in Russia since the 80s of the 20th century in order not only to preserve nature samples and historical and cultural monuments, but also to promote the development of ecological tourism. Now there are 35 parks across the country, Losiny Ostrov (Moscow) became the first of them.

The smallest Russian national park is a kind of visiting card of the Kaliningrad region. The Curonian Spit Park occupies a little more than 6,000 hectares, but there are unique white sand dunes, a variety of landscapes (from desert to tundra), and it is over the spit that the migration route of millions of birds lies. Tourists are offered 6 walking routes on the Curonian Spit.

The largest park - Yugydva (Komi), occupying 1894 thousand hectares, is a virgin forest of the northern Urals, numerous park rivers flow into the large European river Pechora. Tourists are always welcome here: in winter they are offered skiing and hiking trips, in summer - rafting and weekend walks.

The Sochi National Park in the foothills of the Caucasus has gained particular popularity, where relict beeches, oaks and boxwood grow in a subtropical climate. Curious tourists can see karst caves, waterfalls, canyons, dolmens, barrows, burial grounds, remains of fortresses and temples.

The reserves and national parks of Russia are becoming more and more interesting for tourists of all ages, because thanks to them, it is possible to better understand the diversity of the natural world of our homeland.

For the first time, the idea of ​​creating national parks was proposed in 1832 by the American scientist and artist George Catlin. In 1864, the world's first Yosemite National Park was established in California. In 1872, the Yellowstone National Park was formed in the USA, covering a vast territory. Now in 124 countries there are national parks and nature reserves, the purpose of which is the protection of unique natural areas and animals.
National parks in Russia began to form only in the 1970s. The first of them, "Samarskaya Luka", was created in the Volga region.
On December 5, 1997, in Yucatan (Mexico), the World Heritage Committee inscribed 37 new sites on the World Heritage List, thereby bringing the list to 506. Of these, 380 World Heritage sites are classified as historical and cultural, 107 as natural and 19 as mixed . They are located in 107 states, 11 of which are in Russia. Lake Baikal is rightfully included in the number of new objects declared the property of all mankind. On the shores of Lake Baikal, 3 reserves and 2 national parks have been created.
The system of state reserves in Russia includes 100 reserves (2000) and 31 national parks (1999), which protect 30 million hectares, or almost 1.5% of the total area of ​​Russia, which exceeds the territory of Belarus, Latvia and Estonia combined. All human activities are prohibited in the reserves, except for scientific research. Even the access of people there is extremely limited.

Baikal-Lensky Reserve.

The Baikal-Lena State Reserve, organized in 1986, is located on the northwestern coast of Lake Baikal in the Kachugsky and Olkhonsky districts of the Irkutsk region. Its area is 659.919 hectares. This is the largest protected area on Baikal (14th place in Russia). The reserve stretches from south to north along the western coast of Lake Baikal for about 120 km with an average width of 65 km. The perimeter of its borders is about 520 km, of which 112 km falls on the shore of the lake. The reserve includes the coast of Baikal from the river. Kheyrem to Cape Elokhin, an impassable section of the Baikal Range and the upper reaches of the great Siberian river Lena with its tributaries. Lena in length (4400 km) ranks first in Russia and tenth in the world. Cape Elokhin passes the border of the Irkutsk region with the Republic of Buryatia.
The main part of the territory of the reserve is represented by taiga forests. various types. Fragments of ancient relic steppes have been preserved on the coast of Lake Baikal. The flora of higher plants of the reserve includes 920 species, of which 36 species are endemic to Siberia, 10 of them are included in the federal Red Book. Mosses (230 species), lichens (248 species) and fungi (about 100 species) are also widely represented.
The reserve is inhabited by 50 species of mammals, about 240 species of birds. The reserve is famous for the high number of bears; it is not for nothing that one of the forestries is called “Bereg brown bears". In the reserve there are rare and interesting birds: white-tailed eagle, black stork, hook-nosed scoter, shelduck, common crane.
On the territory of the reserve there are the oldest paleovolcanoes Yuzhno-Kedrovsky and Solnechny, which are among the largest in the world, their age is 1560-1710 million years.
There are many places attractive for tourists on the territory of the reserve: the source of the river. Lena (distance from the shore of Lake Baikal 12 km along the path through the Solntsepad pass), Cape Ryty, a section of the coast sacred to local residents with a grandiose gorge, the remains of the oldest volcanoes on Earth - the mountain peaks of the Baikal Range in the region of the capes Sredny and Upper Kedrovy.

Baikal State Reserve.

The Baikal Reserve is located on the eastern shore in the southern part of Lake Baikal and covers an area of ​​165.7 thousand hectares of the Khamar-Daban mountain range. The boundaries of the reserve run along the Mishikha and Vydrinnaya rivers. Organized in 1969
The scientific profile of the reserve is the study of the natural mountain-taiga complex of the Khamar-Daban ridge on the coast of Lake Baikal. The list of vascular plants of the Baikal Reserve includes 840 species.
On the river Osinovka, not far from the shore of Lake Baikal, there is a picturesque powerful waterfall about 5 m high. An excursion to the waterfall takes about 4 hours along the path passing among tall grasses and ferns along the river bank.

Barguzinsky Biosphere Reserve.

Established in 1916, the Barguzinsky Reserve became the first hunting reserve in Russia. His task was to preserve and study the sable. Today it is the oldest nature reserve in Russia. In 1986, it received the status of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
The reserve is located on the northeastern coast of Lake Baikal on the central part of the western slopes of the Barguzinsky Range (the highest point is 2472 m). The height of the snow cover on the bald mountains exceeds 2.5 meters, which is 5 times more than on the coast of Lake Baikal. More than half of its territory is made up of bald mountains - rocky peaks (1500-2400 m above sea level). About 60% of the territory of the reserve is occupied by a high-mountainous bald belt, most of which is covered with high-mountain alpine meadows, almost impenetrable thickets of elfin cedar and dwarf dwarf birch and willow forests. Significant areas are occupied by almost lifeless rocks and stony placers. A third is occupied by mountain taiga forests growing at an altitude of 600 to 1250 m. Only a little more than 16% of the territory of the reserve falls on the Baikal coast. The length of the territory of the reserve along the coast of Lake Baikal is about 100 km. The area of ​​the reserve is 263.2 thousand hectares.
The fauna of the Barguzinsky Reserve is typically taiga, but with some features caused by the mountainous terrain and the close proximity of Lake Baikal. The fauna includes 41 mammal species, 274 bird species, 6 reptile species, 3 amphibian species, about 50 fish species and over 1200 identified insect species.
The slopes of the Barguzinsky Range facing Baikal rise to a height of 2652 meters above sea level. They are indented by a dense network of valleys, among which the canyon-like valleys of four large rivers stand out: Sosnovka, Tarkulik, Bolshaya and Kabanya, originating on the tops of the Barguzinsky Range. In total, there are 17 rivers in the reserve that flow into Baikal. Their catchment basins are located entirely within the protected area.
In the valleys of the Ezovka, Bolshoy, Talamush and Davsha rivers, there are thermal springs with water temperatures in some of them above 70 °C.
There are 874 species of plants in the reserve. The long-term protection of the Barguzinsky Reserve has had a positive effect on the number of animals. In bears, it reaches favorable years 250 individuals, for squirrels - from 5,000 to 10,000 animals.
There are 39 species of mammals, 243 species of birds, 4 species of reptiles and 2 species of amphibians in the reserve.

State National Park "Tunkinsky".

The Tunkinsky National Park was established on May 27, 1991 within the administrative boundaries of the Tunkinsky District. The territory of the park occupies the Tunkinskaya valley and the adjacent mountain ranges of the Eastern Sayan and the Khamar-Daban ridge (maximum height 3172 m). Between the Tunkinsky bald mountains and Khamar-Daban lies the intermountain Tunkinskaya depression, 200 km long and 20 to 40 km wide. Throughout the Tunkinskaya Valley, the Irkut River, the left tributary of the Angara, flows from south to north. The area of ​​the park is 1183.662 hectares (of which 150,836 hectares of land are occupied by agricultural land). The territory of the park is well developed. Most of the Tunkinskaya Valley is occupied by arable land, hayfields and pastures.
Here you can find various types of rare and endangered plants: peony (Maryin root), small red-eye, Sayan buttercup, sea buckthorn Krushinovskaya, Rhodiola rosea, Hummel's mannagetea, etc. More than 10 rare and endangered species of plants grow in the park, more than 40 species of mammals live and 62 species of birds listed in the Red Book of Buryatia.
The Tunka Valley is famous for its mineral springs. Among the most famous are the resorts at the springs of Arshan, Nilova Pustyn, Zhemchug. These resorts are located near the A-164 highway, and good roads are laid to them. The carbonic radon springs of Shumak and the ferruginous springs of Khongor-Uuly are popular.

Zabaikalsky State National Park.

The territory of the park, organized in 1986, covers the Chivyrkuisky Bay, the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula, the Ushkany Islands archipelago with the largest seal rookery in Baikal. The park is located in the middle part of the eastern coast of Lake Baikal. The area of ​​the park is 267.17 thousand hectares. Forest lands occupy 158.6 thousand hectares; swamps - 77.0 thousand hectares; sands - 0.4 thousand ha.
A protected regime has been introduced on 40% of the park's territory. All economic and recreational activities are prohibited here and the regime of ecological rest is maintained, which allows maintaining populations of animals and birds at an optimal level. The territory of the park includes the Ushkany Islands - one of the favorite habitats of the famous Baikal seal seal, which is the hallmark of Baikal. There are 5 hiking trails in the park, among which the route to Mount Markovo, the highest mountain peak of the Svyatoy Nos peninsula, from where a circular panorama of the Ushkany Islands, the northern part of the Chivyrkuisky Bay and sandy beaches Barguzinsky Bay.
The most picturesque places in the park include the Ongokon Bay in the Chivirkuy Bay, the Cheremshanskaya grove with willow thickets, and Lake Arangutai. In the sheer cliffs of the Holy Nose there are many grottoes. Three outlets of mineral springs are popular among the local population and tourists: Zmeiny, Kulinye bogs and Nechaevsky.
There are 299 species of animals, 3 species of amphibians and 3 species of reptiles in the park. Birds are represented by 241 species, among them such rare ones as peregrine falcon, black crane, golden eagle, black stork, long-tailed eagle, white-tailed eagle, etc.

Reserve "Vitemsky".

The reserve "Vitimsky" (1982, 585 thousand hectares) is located in the north-eastern part of the Stanovoy Upland in the basin of the river. Vitim. Includes Lake Oron (52.3 km2).

Reserve "Dzhirginsky".

The reserve "Dzhirginsky" (238.1 thousand hectares) is located in the Kurumkansky district of the republic, at the head of the Barguzin River, and was formed on the basis of the complex reserve "Dzhirginsky" that existed since 1974.

Pribaikalsky National Park.

The Pribaikalsky National Park (PNP) was established in 1986 on the western shore of Lake Baikal. The protected area of ​​the park in the form of a narrow strip of land adjacent to the shore of the lake, with a width of 1 to 8 km, stretches for almost 470 km of the coast from the village. Kultuk to Cape Kocherikovsky, along which the border with the Baikal-Lensky Reserve passes. The territory of the park also includes the largest island of Lake Baikal - Olkhon. The total area of ​​the park is 417,297 hectares. There are 10 forest areas here. In terms of protected area, it is one of the five largest national parks in Russia. 284.7 thousand hectares (70% of the park's territory) are covered by forests, of which 22 thousand hectares are cedar forests. Pine forests predominate, often with an admixture of larch. On the watersheds, a small area is occupied by cedar and cedar-fir forests, on the slopes of the mountains less often by spruce forests.
The landscape of the Pribaikalsky National Park is very diverse and picturesque. The mountain-taiga slopes of the Primorsky Range with heights from 1100 m in the south to 1500 m in the north cut through relatively large rivers flowing into Baikal: Goloustnaya, Buguldeyka, Anga, Sarma. These rivers form beautiful rocky gorges and some of them are large deltas. On the territory of the park there is a tourist Mecca - Sandy Bay, a kind of Anga Bay and Aya Bay, warm bays of the Small Sea. The majestic cliffs and cliffs of the coast often have a pronounced individual appearance and wear proper names: Big and Small Belfry, Burkhan-Cape, Sagan-Khushun, Khoboy Cape. The steppe landscape in the middle part of the coast and in the south of Olkhon Island is peculiar and beautiful. Low rocky ridges, rocky remnants, basins with salt lakes carry the mysterious charm of the ancient nature of Central Asia.
Relic steppes are of particular interest. On Baikal, their large massifs are found only in the Baikal Park. These are the remains of the late Cenozoic tundra steppes, interesting for their preserved biological species of previous eras.
The flora of the park includes more than 1344 species of plants, about 250 species of lichens and 200 species of mosses. This is more than half of the flora of Central Siberia. Scientists note among them a large number of relics and endemics (31 species of plants are included in the federal Red Book, 110 species are included in the Red Book of Plants of the Irkutsk Region (2001). Within the territory of the national park, 21 endemics grow: Olkhonsky astragalus, Zunduksky kopeechnik, Turchaninov's pike, Popov's cotoneaster, three-leaved holly, Peshkova, Popova, etc.
The animal world is also rich and varied. There are 64 species of mammals in the park, including 14 predatory species, 6 ungulates, and about 340 bird species. On the small rocky islands of the Small Sea there are the largest colonies of the herring gull in Baikal, relatively large nesting nests of ducks (hook-nosed scoter, medium and large mergansers). There are 7 species of eagles and sea eagles in the park, the unique nesting group of the solar eagle Aquila heliaca is of particular value.
The natural attraction of the Pribaikalsky National Park is the largest cold wintering ground for waterfowl in Eastern Siberia at the source of the Angara. The southwestern coast of Lake Baikal (in the area of ​​the old Circum-Baikal Railway) is the route of the massive autumn migration of birds of prey. Up to 2,000 of them fly by here a day; for Siberia, this is an exceptional phenomenon. You can observe the migration of many rare Red Book species of raptors (eagles, sea eagles, falcons), as well as the black stork.
The TNP protects not only natural, but also historical and cultural wealth. In terms of the number of archaeological sites, Olkhon and the Olkhon region surpass any other region of the Baikal region. Only on Olkhon 143 such objects are known (ancient settlements, remains stone walls, slab graves). Rock paintings on the cliff of Sagan-Zaba are world famous. They include images of shamans, running deer, swans. The age of the drawings is estimated at 2.5 thousand years. There are also small "picture galleries" on the rocks in Aya Bay, at the entrance to the Sarma Gorge, on Cape Burkhan. In total, 986 archaeological sites from the Paleolithic era to the present are known on the territory of the PNP!
52 objects have the status of natural monuments on the territory of the park. A network of campsites has been created in the national park, where visitors to the national park can relax. Every year, a road and transport network is being built (about 60 km in 10 years), tourist parking is being built (a total of 937 parking lots have been built). The Pribaikalsky National Park was one of the first in Russia to introduce a comprehensive Bioecological Monitoring program.
Visitor information centers of the PNP are open in Irkutsk, pos. Listvyanka, pos. Elantsy, Bolshaya Goloustnaya.
Most of the listed natural objects (primarily plants) are available for observation. Wildlife lovers get to know them during periodically held ecological tours. habitats rare species plants and animals are visited by a huge number of tourists.

Republican reserve "Tofalarsky".

Republican reserve "Tofalarsky" (1971, 132.7 thousand hectares) is located on the northern slopes of the Eastern Sayan. The smallest people of the Irkutsk region live here - tofs (630 people).

Different corners of Russia impress with their beauties: from the volcanoes and hills of Kamchatka to the dancing forest of the Curonian Spit. In such places, reserves and national parks of Russia are located, the number of which has exceeded a hundred. Although this is clearly not enough for such a vast country as ours, therefore, rare species of fauna and flora continue to disappear. It is unlikely that anyone will be able to visit all Russian reserves, but when traveling around the country it is always worth visiting the nearby corners of untouched nature.

1. Altai Reserve

Since 1998, the Altai Reserve has been included in its list by UNESCO. world heritage, it has also been present since 2009 in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves of the Man and the Biosphere program. It is also included in the list of 200 little-changed or virgin world regions, where 90% of the Earth's biofund is represented. The Altai Reserve includes three natural zones and five physiographic regions.
Almost all altitudinal belts of the Altai Mountains are represented here: subalpine middle mountains and alpine meadow high mountains, low mountains and middle mountains overgrown with taiga, tundra high mountains and middle mountains, high mountains covered with ice and snow, tundra-steppe high mountains. 34% of the territory of the reserve is covered by forests located in the valleys and middle mountains, in the lower reaches of the sloping crests. The lower border of the forest starts from the level of Lake Teletskoye (436 m), and the upper one differs in different places: if in the southeast it falls at a height of 2000-2200 m, then in the northwest it drops to 1800-2000 m.

2. Curonian Spit National Park

This national park is located in the border zone with the Republic of Lithuania in the Kaliningrad region. The Curonian Spit is a very long and narrow strip of land separating salt water Baltic Sea and fresh waters of the Curonian Lagoon. In the north, the park rests on the Russian-Lithuanian border. The uniqueness of the nature of this area lies in the fact that the Curonian Spit is the largest sand bar in the world.
The local dune landscapes are amazingly beautiful, they make an indelible aesthetic impression on a person, so this place has a unique potential for the development of eco-tourism, which is now fashionable here. This unique landscape of sand dunes is exceptional not only for its beauty, but also for its fragility, as it is constantly threatened by the forces of the natural elements of water and wind.
At one time, man had a devastating impact on the local ecosystem, which threatened the very existence of the Curonian Spit, but, fortunately, work on its stabilization began in the 19th century, which continues to this day, as a result of which the spit was restored. Now its territory has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List with appropriate protection.

On our planet there are such areas where a person experiences special sensations: a surge of energy, euphoria, a desire to improve or spiritually...

3. Baikal-Lensky Reserve

This state reserve covers an area of ​​660,000 hectares and is located in the Irkutsk region on the territory of Olkhonsky and Kachugsky districts. It stretches along the western coast of Baikal from north to south for almost 120 kilometers, and its average width is 65 kilometers. The Federal State Budgetary Institution "Zapovednoe Pribaikalye" has a total length of the coastline of almost 590 kilometers, stretching along the western coast of Lake Baikal from Cape Elokhin in the north to the village of Kultuk in the south. UNESCO in 1996 included the Baikal, Baikal-Lensky and Barguzinsky reserves in the World Heritage List. To date, the Pribaikalsky National Park and the Baikal-Lena Reserve have merged into a single scientific, environmental and tourist complex - the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Zapovednoe Pribaikal'e".

4. National Park Samarskaya Luka

In 1984, this national park was founded by order of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, thus, it became one of the first three national parks organized in our country. The territory of the Samarskaya Luka is unique, it is formed by the bend of the Volga, the largest European river in its middle reaches, and the Usinsky Bay of the Kuibyshev reservoir. At this point, the Volga lays a large arc in an easterly direction, after which it turns to the southwest. The length of this arc is about 200 kilometers. Here the ancient carbonate deposits are quite uplifted and form a semblance of an island.
Peculiar microclimate, unusual relief forms, reminiscent of low mountains, unique natural world and the blue ribbon of the Volga around them - all this made the Samara Luka and the Zhiguli famous all over the world. There are a lot of cultural and historical monuments associated with the former inhabitants of the forest-steppe zone - from the Bronze and Early Iron Age to the present day. In total, about two hundred natural or historical monuments are located on the territory of the reserve. For archaeologists, these places are the Klondike.

Russia is huge, Russia is beautiful, Russia is diverse. It is the largest country in the world with an area of ​​more than 17 million square meters. km. Thanks to the occupied...

5. Lazovsky Reserve

The special value of this reserve lies in the presence of a grove of relic now pointed yew, located on Petrov Island. In addition, there are thickets of endemic - cross-pair microbiota and such rare animal species as the Amur tiger, Amur goral, Ussuri spotted deer.
The Lazovsky Reserve is located on the southern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin, it is limited by the Chernaya and Kievka rivers. Its territory is divided by the Zapovedny Ridge into the continental northern part and the coastal southern part. On average, local mountains have a height of 500-700 meters, only a few peaks rise to 1200-1400 m. The average steepness of local mountains is 20-25 degrees, they have flat but narrow ridges. There are a lot of stony placers in the mountains. In the east, the mountain spurs gradually go down to the sea, and the watershed ranges turn into low (no more than 100 meters) hilly ridges. On the territory of the Lazovsky Reserve, closer to its southern border, there are a couple of small islands - Beltsova and Petrov, both of which are overgrown with forest.

6. Reserve "Kedrovaya Pad"

This is the very first Far Eastern reserve and, in general, one of the oldest in the country. It was founded for the sake of studying and preserving undisturbed coniferous-deciduous liana forests, unique for our country, located in southern Primorye. They are home to many endemic and rare species of animals and plants. In particular, the Far Eastern leopard lives only in this reserve and near it. In 2004, UNESCO awarded the reserve the status of a biosphere reserve.
The local "black fir forests" - black fir and broad-leaved forests are especially valued. Here on Mount Chalban grow in in large numbers species that are extremely rare in other Far Eastern regions, these include Komarov's currant and currant bloater. On the same mountain, a rocky primrose was first found, as well as species unknown to botany - the Ussuri corydalis and the Far Eastern violet. The Kedrovaya River, no more than 25 kilometers long, flows through the territory of the reserve, but it is this river that the world scientific community recognizes as the ideal of a clean river.

The territory of Russia is huge, so it is not surprising that dozens of waterfalls are scattered on it, in its most diverse corners. Some of them are so...

7. National Park "Smolenskoye Poozerye"

This national park was established in 1992 on the territory of the Smolensk region, in the Dukhovshchinsky and Demidovsky districts with the task of preserving natural complexes for scientific, educational, cultural and recreational purposes. In 2002, it received the status of a biosphere reserve under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program. The name Smolenskoye Poozerye appeared due to the presence of 35 glacial lakes of various sizes, and each of these lakes is beautiful in its own way. On the map, the territory of the national park resembles a regular square: from north to south it stretches for 50 kilometers, and from east to west - for 50 kilometers. Its geographical center fell on the village of Przhevalskoe. Smolenskoye Poozerie has a total area of ​​over 146,200 hectares, in addition, there is also a 500-meter security zone that frames its borders.

8. Valdai National Park

This national park was created with the task of preserving the unique forest and lake complex on the Valdai Upland and at the same time creating conditions for the development of organized recreation in this region. Here is an incredibly rich composition of natural components and their unique combination, they have a good degree of preservation, there is an opportunity to maintain ecological balance. In addition, the local landscapes are so beautiful that they leave no one indifferent. Therefore, on the territory of the Valdaisky National Park, protection operates in a differentiated mode, taking into account the historical, cultural and natural features of these places.
Several functional zones were identified here: a specially protected reserve, recreational, where controlled use of lakes and rivers is allowed, as well as a zone where visitors are allowed to serve. The national park is located in the north of the Valdai Upland, stretching from east to west for 45 kilometers, and from south to north for 105 kilometers. Its boundaries practically coincide with the boundaries of the catchment area of ​​Lakes Seliger, Valdai, Borovno, Velye and the upper reaches of the Polomet River.

As long as humanity remembers its history, so many daredevils existed who were attracted by the majestic mountain peaks. Romance mountaineering creatures...

9. Ilmensky Reserve

This one of the oldest nature reserves in the country was founded in 1920 in order to preserve rare mineral deposits. In 1935, it was made complex, adding to the protection of minerals also the flora and fauna of the eastern slope of the Southern Urals. Further, in 1991, "Arkaim" - the historical and archaeological branch, which has now become the "Stepnoy" forestry, joined it. This added the task of studying and preserving the ancient settlement of Arkaim, built during the Bronze Age in the Bolshekaraganskaya valley. The Ilmensky reserve has remained the only mineralogical reserve in Russia, of which there are very few in the world.

10. Zabaikalsky National Park

This national park fully complies with the UNESCO recommendations for regulating activity in specially protected natural enclaves, which is not typical for Russia. It is located in a typical mountainous taiga area with mountainous terrain. Within its boundaries are the Barguzinsky Range, the Svyatonossky Range, the Ushkany Islands and the Chivyrkui Isthmus. From the southwest to the northeast, two mountain ranges stretch across the park. If the Barguzinsky Range gradually decreases from the reserve of the same name to Lake Barmashovoye, having highest point within the park is 2376 meters, then the Sredinny Ridge, which runs along the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula, gradually decreases from the middle with a maximum mark of 1877 meters in the north and south direction. The Svyatoy Nos peninsula is connected by the Chivyrkuisky isthmus with the eastern shore of Lake Baikal. The Big and Small Ushkany Islands are nothing but the peaks of the Akademichesky Ridge, which divides the Baikal depression into the northern and southern basins.