Nod for senior about minerals. Integration of educational areas

Alla Bueva
Synopsis of the GCD "Introduction to Minerals"

Cognition. Senior group.

Prepared by a teacher of the 1st category MBDOU kindergarten No. 3d. Yasentsy.

Synopsis of GCD.

Topic: " Introduction to minerals"

Target: Continuation acquaintance with the minerals of Russia(coal, chalk, sand, clay, salt).Clarification of the understanding of the properties of sand and clay in comparison (sand consists of grains of sand, coal and chalk, salt, their properties and differences. Consolidation and enrichment of knowledge about utility natural resources for man. Development of sensory sensations, interest, vocabulary development and speech activation. Raising a sense of pride in one's country.

Facilities: a plate with sand, clay, coal, chalk, salt, jars of water, a hammer, a black sheet of paper, a globe.

on the table in bowls spread out: coal, sand, clay, chalk, salt

Children, today we will talk with you about the natural resources of the Earth.

All the natural wealth that people extract from the depths of the Earth and from its surface is minerals.

Our country is rich in various minerals(showing by the educator on the globe of the deposit). Minerals people use in the national economy. Some are needed in construction.

What do you think minerals used in construction?

Clay, sand, limestone

Others serve as fuel. Which?

Peat, coal, gas, oil.

Today we will talk with you about sand and clay - the most common natural fossil, which are formed under the influence of the destruction of mountains.

Let's compare the sand and clay:

Children examine, feel, throw

After experimenting, children do conclusions:

Clay is soft, you can sculpt from it, it does not pass water well.

Sand -, dry, loose, can be molded from raw, but when dried, the building breaks, the sand passes water well.

Children, do you want to know what sand is made of? Take a black sheet of paper and put some sand on it.

-Children draw conclusions: sand consists of tiny grains of sand, so it is free-flowing

Then I turn my attention to coal

I suggest experiments: put a piece of coal in water, hit with a hammer, draw on paper.

What is he?

It is black, glistens in the sun, solid, sinks in water, breaks up on impact, leaves traces.

The main property of coal is combustible (teacher's show - how coal burns)

Then I show some coal deposits on the globe

Coal is used for heating residential buildings as fuel in plants and factories. paints, medicines are obtained from coal (Activated carbon) and etc. useful material.

Then I propose to pay attention to the chalk. Chalk is made from shell rock, which is mined near the sea, and school crayons are made from it.

children looking at chalk: draw, throw water, break)

- Children draw conclusions: it happens different color, brittle, splits, opens, it leaves traces - you can draw.

-Let's look at salt.: what is it for? where can i find it (showing deposits in Russia)

What properties does salt have? how can i check?

After experimentation (they taste it, throw it into the water, what does it consist of? Chop it with a hammer)

- Salt: white in color, salty, brittle, composed of crystals, needed for cooking.

Refinement of children's knowledge:

1. What minerals you know?

2. Why do you need minerals?

In conclusion, I propose to draw, the theme is "Winter Landscape" (with chalk on black paper)

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There are many minerals that are mined from the bowels of the Earth. All of them are extremely important, because they allow you to get the things necessary for a comfortable life. They make it possible to heat homes, eat, move in space at high speed, make wonderful decorations and much more. During research, scientists discover very Interesting Facts about minerals that allow you to learn more about the secrets hiding in the underground depths.

1. Coal is the most common fossil used as a fuel. Few people know that only a 2-meter layer of coal is formed from a 20-meter layer of peat under pressure. If a similar layer of dead vegetation lies at a depth of 6 km, then the coal seam will have only 1.5 m.
2. Malachite - semiprecious stone from which amazing jewelry is made. The largest stone that was mined weighed 1.5 tons. Having discovered such a treasure, the miners presented it to Empress Catherine II. Later, the stone became an exhibit of the St. Petersburg Museum of the Mining Institute.

   

3. Obsidian - volcanic glass. This material has a high density. It is formed under the influence of very high temperatures during the eruption of magma. Archaeologists have been able to find evidence that the first surgical instruments made from this material.

   

4. Today, everyone knows what oil is and how it happens. The first theory of the origin of this mineral suggested that oil is nothing but whale urine. Black gold began to be mined by collecting it from the surface of reservoirs. At the present time, oil is pumped out of the bowels of the Earth using pumping stations.

   

5. Scientists continue to present new interesting facts about metals. So, gold has been recognized as one of the most flexible metals. It is even used to make sewing threads. From one ounce of gold, you can get a thread about 80 km long.

   

6. Iron ore has been used by man for a long time. Archaeologists have proven that the manufacture of the first objects from iron ore dates back to the ll-lll centuries. BC. The first to use this mineral were the inhabitants of Mesopotamia.

   

7. Sodium chloride or salt is mined in most . Despite the need for this mineral for human life, only 6% of it is used for food. 17% of salt is used for sprinkling roads during icy conditions. The lion's share of this mineral is used by industry and accounts for 77% of all production.

   

8. Extraordinarily interesting story has the queen of metals - platinum. In the 15th century, it was discovered by Spanish travelers who arrived on the coast of Africa. After studying this material, its refractoriness was discovered. For this reason, platinum was deemed unsuitable and was valued below the value of silver.

   

9. Silver has long been famous for its bactericidal properties.. Even the warriors of ancient Rome used it for treatment. If serious wounds were inflicted on a person in battle, then the healers covered the places of injury with silver plates. After such procedures, the wounds healed quickly and without any complications.

   

10. Marble has been used since ancient times to decorate rooms and create various decorative elements . This is due to the amazing hardness of the material and its wear resistance. Marble retains its original appearance for 150 years even when exposed to temperature, moisture or sunlight.

    

11. Diamonds are recognized as the hardest minerals mined from the bowels of the earth. In this case, a blow applied with a hammer with great force can split the stone into small pieces.

    

12. Uranium is a metal that is considered one of the heaviest chemical elements.. Uranium ore contains an insignificant amount of pure metal. Uranus has 14 stages of transformation. All elements that are formed during the transformation are radioactive. Only lead, which is the final stage of transformation, is considered safe. It will take about a billion years to completely convert uranium to lead.

    

13. Copper is the only metal that does not spark when rubbed., so copper tools can be used in places where there is an increased risk of fire.

    

14. There is a lot to learn about soil all the time. So, scientists investigated a common mineral - peat. They revealed in it peculiar threads that are distinguished by extraordinary strength. This discovery has been applied to light industry. The first products made from peat threads were presented in Holland. Peat is an excellent preservative. It preserves the remains that fell into it thousands of years ago. This allows scientists to learn interesting facts about the skeleton of a person who lived long before our days, and to study the remains of already extinct animal species.

    

15. Granite is known as a durable building material. But not everyone knows that it conducts sound much faster than air. The speed of sound waves passing through granite is 10 times greater than passing through air space..

    

Tasks: expand children's knowledge of nature, introduce underground minerals, provide initial information on rational use natural resources in everyday life (water, energy, gas), be able to list their names and determine which group they belong to.

Material and equipment: illustrations depicting oil and gas production, a model of the earth in a section, a mole toy, underground fossils.

Guys, today we will make an unusual journey. We will travel on the surface of the Earth and descend into its very depths to its very center.

Guess the riddle:

All gnawed and meadow and garden

earthmoving machine

In the dark during walking hours

Digging lanes under the field (mole).

Guys, where does the mole live? (Underground.)

Our planet has existed for billions of years. Nature during the existence of the Earth has created a huge variety of treasures in its depths. These treasures are solid, liquid, gaseous.

Places where minerals lie in the depths are called deposits. Some treasures lie on the surface of the Earth, others are hidden at a depth of several kilometers. Such treasures are called "Minerals".

Solids include: coal, granite, iron ore.

Granite is a hard, durable, granular substance. It is used in construction. The upper part of the earth's crust is called the granite layer.

Coal - black, hard. And who will tell me where coal is used? (children's answers). Coal, in addition to fuel, is used in chemical industry, paints, plastics are obtained from it.

(Show pictures of coal mining.)

To liquid - one of the representatives is oil. Petroleum and kerosene are obtained from oil. It is an excellent fuel for cars and aircraft. To extract oil, drilling rigs are built and deep wells are drilled. She does not go to Earth herself, she is pumped out with a special pump. (Showing pictures of oil production.)

Guys, listen to the riddle: Mom has an excellent assistant in the kitchen

It blooms blue from a match (Gas).

Gaseous refers to natural gas. It is a very light substance, and a very good fuel. Colorless, light, odorless. To extract gas, wells are also drilled and gas goes through special pipes to different regions our country. It is used in everyday life, in industry.

And now we will rest a little.

Fizminutka:

On the track, on the track

We jump on the right foot

And along the same path

We jump on the left leg.

Let's run along the path

On the lawn, on the lawn

We jump like bunnies

Stop, let's get some rest

And we'll walk home.

And now we will talk about building minerals.

Granite - When granite is destroyed, colored fossil sand is formed - clay. Sand - loose rock (yellow, reddish). Sand is made up of tiny particles. Huge glasses are brewed from sand, crystal products are made.

Clay - located along the banks of rivers, in ravines and lowlands. Clay is used to make bricks, various dishes, and porcelain vases.

There is also such a mineral as - lime - this is a white substance that looks like chalk. It is used as a fertilizer.

Guys, now let's play a little. I will give you riddles, and you will find the answer on my table.

(Granite, sand, clay, coal, lime are on the table in forms; pictures with gas and oil production).

Very strong and resilient

Reliable friend for builders

Houses, steps, pedestals

They will become beautiful and noticeable (Granite.)

If you meet on the road

Then the legs get bogged down

And make a bowl or vase

She will be needed immediately (Clay.)

The white stone has melted

Left traces on the board (Mel.)

They cover the roads

Streets in villages

It's also in cement.

He himself is a fertilizer (Limestone.)

He really needs the kids

He's on the roads, in the yard

He is at the construction site and on the beach

And it is even melted in glass (Sand.)

It flows through the pipe, bakes pies (Gas.)

He brings warmth to the house

It's light all around

Helps to melt steel

Making paints and enamels

He's black and shiny

Real helper (Coal.)

Won't run without her

No bus, no taxi

The rocket won't go up

Guess what it is? (Oil).

Lesson objectives:; to form the initial concepts of the minerals of their country; to consolidate knowledge about animate and inanimate nature, to distinguish between objects of nature and the world of things; interest in nature.

Lesson progress

Conversation with children about objects of living and inanimate nature.

On the table are the following objects: flowers, stone, doll.

IN. Today we will talk again about animate and inanimate nature. Say which of these objects are alive and which are not. (Children's answers.) Why do you think that a flower is nature. Does the stone belong to nature? What is this nature? And why is the doll not nature? Guys, take one picture at a time, look at what is drawn on it, and if it is a living object, put the picture near the flower, if it is inanimate nature - near the stone, and if it is not nature, then put it near the doll. (Children look at the cards, the teacher checks with the children the correctness of the assignment.) The teacher invites the children to sit on chairs.

Chatting with children on a physical mapyour country

Q. Let's remember what nature is? The remarkable writer and nature lover M. Prishvin wrote: “We are the masters of our nature and it is for us the pantry of the sun with the great treasures of life. Fish - water, birds - air, animals - forests and mountains, and a person needs a Motherland. And to protect nature means to protect the Motherland. What is the name of our country? Look at the map, which country is shown on it?

Our country is not so big already, but it has a lot of wealth. See how much is on the map green color means a lot of green forests. Blue color shows rivers and lakes. There are a lot of fish in the forest, there are a lot of fish in the rivers and lakes. But there is still riches inside the earth, in its bowels. These resources are called minerals. These minerals are searched and found by people whose profession is geologists.

Imagine that you and I are geologists, and we are in a laboratory, and we will study minerals. A laboratory is a place where they examine, study, investigate various objects, and make experiments. Let's go to the tables, our laboratory will be there. (Children sit at the tables.)

Experiments with children with minerals.

V. Fossil guys brought a train, although it is a toy, but the minerals are real. In the first car there are white pebbles. Take them in your hands and tell me what is it? (Chalk.) What is chalk for? Where did he come from? It turns out for a long time where we live, there was a sea in which there were many snails in their shells, time passed, the snails died, and their shells fell to the bottom of the sea. They were covered with sand and silt, their shell turned into chalk. People have learned how to extract chalk and use it. Cleaned chalk doctors attribute to people so that they have healthy teeth and strong bones. This chalk is called calcium glucanate. Taste the pill.

Let's try what's in the second trailer. (Salt.) Salt is also a mineral, it is mined in our state. At first it is called stone. Why do you think? And then it is ground, cleaned, and it becomes food. Why is it called food? Salt is mined near cities such as ... (shows these cities on the map). but remember that we are geologists, and they are looking for minerals in the mountains, swamps, forests, overcoming any obstacles.

Children sit in front of the blackboard, the teacher shows the cities and draws attention to the designation on the oil map.

IN. Look how many black triangles are here, they show that in these places, deep underground, a river flows, the water in which can burn. Geologists found this river, drove it into the ground steel pipe. (Showing a picture.) A fountain beat out of the pipe black water which is called oil. (Showing oil in a test tube.) It is thick and burning. Petroleum, kerosene, asphalt resin, plastics, and many other things are made from oil at special plants. And why do we need gasoline, kerosene, and what is made of plastic?

The children are invited to take a cup from the tray and drink some water. What's this? (Mineral water.) Mineral water is very useful for humans, and it is also located in the depths of our earth. We have many more minerals, such as ..., but we will talk about them in the next lesson.

Municipal state preschool educational institution
Iskitimsky district of the Novosibirsk region
Kindergarten "Rodnichok" Lebedevka

Summary of GCD for older children
"In the world of minerals"

Done: educator
first classification category
Vdovina S. G.

Target: Formation of local history curiosity, cognitive interest in the surrounding world and the world of inanimate nature of the native land.

Tasks:

• Introduce children to the properties of minerals (sand, clay, coal, chalk.), Compare how they differ.
• Develop the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
• Cultivate respect for natural resources.
• Continue to acquaint with the profession of a geologist.
• Strengthen research skills; the ability to identify the properties and qualities of the proposed materials through experiments.
• Establish safety rules for experiments.
• Continue to acquaint with the wealth of the native land.

Lesson progress:

Children enter the group and greet the guests.

Educator: (There is equipment for geologists on the table: a compass, a pickaxe, a map, a rope, pencils, a notebook and containers for samples.) Look guys, what kind of equipment is on the table

Children: Equipment for geologists.

Educator: Guys, tell me who are geologists?

Children: Geologists are people who study and search for minerals.

Educator: And what are minerals?

Children: Minerals are natural resources that people extract from the depths of the earth or from its surface and use in the economy.

Educator: Guys, let's be geologists today and go on an expedition to a mineral deposit.

We collect a backpack and what is needed on the expedition.

Teacher: Ready.

Educator: Will we become geologists?

Children:

Everyone will be proud of us.

Yes! Yes! Yes! (clap over head)

What lies ahead for us?

High mountain (showing with hands)

Stormy river (show with hands)

You can't get around her (stomp their feet)

You won’t swim through it (“float”)

You can't fly it ("wings")

Need to go straight.

We can do everything, we can do everything

And we will reach our goal.

Yes! Yes! Yes! (clap over head)

Here is our first hurdle. A stormy river runs here, we need to carefully walk across the bridge and not fall. (Children walk along the bridge. And they see the poster “Chernorechensky Quarry” on the easel)

Educator: Guys, who will tell where we have come?

Children: To the "Chernorechensky career" (or to the chalk deposit)

Children: Chalk is mined here. Chalk is a type of limestone.

Educator: We select a sample and go further. Our next obstacle is the tunnel.

.(Children pass through the "tunnel". And they see a poster of the "Elbashinsky quarry" on the easel)

Educator: Guys, who will tell where we have come now?

Children: To the "Elbashinsky career"

Educator: And what is mined in this quarry?

Children: Sand and clay. Sand is mined on the banks of the Berd River.

Educator: We select samples and go further.

Our next obstacle is the “swamp”. (Jumping on two legs over bumps, through the swamp.)

And they see a poster on the easel (“Gorlovsky cut”) Educator: Guys, who will tell where we have come now?

Children: To the "Gorlovsky cut"

Educator: And what is mined at this section?

Children: Coal.

Educator: We take a sample and go to the laboratory.

Why are we going there?

Children: To explore and experiment with minerals and find out where they can be used.

We return. And we go to the laboratory.

Educator: Here we are in the laboratory. Take off your backpacks. Get samples, put them on the table. Put on your aprons and I'll lay out the samples.

Guys, remember what rules you need to follow when conducting experiments.

1. Listen carefully to an adult.

2. Do not take anything in your mouth and do not try.

3. Do not shout or make noise.

4. Special substances can only be used by an adult, while children watch.

Educator: Guys guess the riddle and we will experiment. (The teacher makes a riddle about clay. Ask any child to tell about clay. A story about clay.) Say what icon clay is indicated on the map.

Guys, listen to the following riddle.
(The teacher makes a riddle about the sand.)
Right. This is sand. (Child's story about sand) Tell me what symbol sand is indicated on the map.

Experience with sand and clay.

Equipment: plastic bottles by the number of children, water in a carafe, sand, clay.

We cut off the plastic bottles, turn the upper part of the bottle over and insert it into the second part. We pour sand into one bottle, and clay into another. And pour the same amount of water.

We observe whether water passes through sand and clay.

Conclusion: Sand passes water well, and clay is bad. She sags and becomes sticky.

Listen to the next riddle.

(The teacher makes a riddle about coal.)

Correctly, this is coal. (A descriptive story of children about coal.)

Educator: You said that coal is solid, but if you hit it with a heavy one, what will happen to it? .. Let's see what will happen to it. What is the symbol for coal on the map?
And the last riddle. (The teacher makes a riddle about chalk.) A descriptive story of children about chalk. What is the symbol for chalk on the map?

Guys, chalk still knows how to get angry, do you want to check? Take a pipette, draw lemon juice into it and put it on the chalk. What happened?

Children's answer.

Conclusion: (children answer)

Guys, let's go to our map. You were so good today, share your impressions of the trip. (Children answer) This is a map of the Novosibirsk region. Today we took samples and conducted experiments with them. You told me a lot about minerals. Name them. (Coal, chalk, clay, sand.) These minerals are mined in the Iskitim region. They are marked with icons on the map.