Mourning for the deceased. Funeral traditions

Mourning

In accordance with generally accepted ethical standards, the family of a deceased person should wear mourning. The requirements for mourning apply both for a longer period of time during the year, and for a shorter period of six weeks. At this time, it is forbidden for the widow to marry, to play the wedding of adult children. The ban also applies to various festivities and entertainment. Also, after the funeral, it is necessary to wear mourning clothes. Usually it is strict black clothes, a black scarf is tied around the head. The period of wearing mourning clothes can be up to a year. Also, as a sign of mourning, mirrors are hung in the house of a deceased person, the clock stops and the TV is taken out.

commemoration

Traditions after the funeral are also closely associated with the wake of the deceased person. From the day of death, it is necessary to put a mug of water and a piece of bread on the window, which has been there for forty days. Water and bread were intended for the soul of the deceased, which, according to legend, every day comes to his home.
Traditionally in Russia, funerals ended with a memorial dinner. Then the commemoration is held on the ninth and fortieth day after death. On the third day (after death - the day of the funeral) the image of a person changes, on the ninth day the body disintegrates, and on the fortieth the heart decays.

memorial meal

Only close relatives of the deceased person are invited to the memorial meal.
- The memorial dinner should begin with a prayer.
- Table setting at the memorial meal should be restrained: a white tablecloth and dishes, no bright colors. Also on the table should be a frame with a photograph of the deceased, tied with a black ribbon.
- Be sure to designate the place where the deceased liked to sit. Put here his device and a glass of vodka on a plate. No one has the right to sit on this seat.
- At the table, one should not make long toasts, as well as recall jokes that the deceased loved. At a funeral dinner, it is not customary to stay too long.
- The tradition after the funeral provides for special food to be served at the memorial meal. First of all, it is kutya, which is prepared from rice or wheat with the addition of honey and raisins. It is also necessary to serve a fish pie, cabbage soup and jelly to the table. Desserts, especially cakes, are not appropriate at the wake. As for alcoholic drinks, you can serve vodka.

Other traditions

Relatives of the deceased must order a funeral service in the church for six weeks after death - magpie. On all memorable days, the relatives of the deceased must go to the cemetery and to the temple. It is worth bringing sweets and flowers to the cemetery, and putting a candle in the temple for the repose of the soul. Particular attention must be paid parent Saturday(Saturday before Trinity Day). On this day, it is mandatory to go to the cemetery to honor the memory of the deceased person.

From this article you will learn what mourning is, as well as how personal mourning differs from state mourning.

The meaning of mourning

In the generally accepted understanding, mourning involves the wearing of dark clothes and a ban on entertainment for a certain period of time: from several months to a year - for the closest relatives. During this time, widowers generally do not remarry. However, what is the meaning of this long external grief, and is it necessary to observe strict mourning.

"When the heads European countries declare state mourning for the death of some prince of Bourbon or Savoy, how do they forget to declare mourning for the violent death of thousands and thousands of human beings, each of whom is a prince in the eyes of God? If the European peoples were truly enlightened, they would establish state and popular mourning for any war at any point. the globe. In the name of compassion, restaurants, gambling houses and cinemas would be closed, all entertainment would be prohibited while brotherly blood was shed. How heaven would rejoice if the Slavs were the first to establish such an order!

Serbia has declared three days of mourning in connection with the death of its Patriarch. After his death, mourning was not declared, although the whole country mourned, everyone who could came to say goodbye to the Patriarch. All entertainment television and radio programs look like a terrible dissonance and a real insult not only to religious feelings, but also to the simplest human ones.

Is it possible to force the sharing of grief, the reader will ask. Is it worth showing a person what he may not want to see, is it worth limiting his freedom given by God? Or maybe vice versa, without replacing entertainment shows, we deprive a person of freedom? After all, it seems that from the stories about Patriarch Pavle of Serbia, many interesting programs could be made that would truly reveal the great man to the world. On the days of the funeral of Patriarch Alexy, the broadcast of the funeral of the Patriarch had the highest rating among non-entertainment programs: the people themselves made their choice.

This is how St. Nicholas of Serbia writes with sorrow about the feast amid suffering: “Do you enjoy food and drink, fun and cinema, laughter and jokes when you mentally reach the Manchurian fields and see frozen, bloody, hungry and bestial people, descendants of the same progenitor, from which your people and we are descended? Every evening you listen to the radio and think that from his chatter you become smarter. The most important thing that could be reported by radio today is the groans of thousands of wounded and dying, the sobs of mothers, widows and children of two great powers. All of them are the same as you, people, living souls, thirsting for life and happiness. And above them the same sun shines as above you. And just like you, the weeping eye of God looks at them.”

A day of mourning, unfortunately, happens in every family. How to properly organize a farewell to the deceased, how to adequately survive the loss loved one- these questions concern everyone who is faced with death. In each religion, there are recommendations that help relatives to see the deceased on their last journey. But there is also a certain mourning etiquette, observed regardless of beliefs.

Mourning: general remarks

The word mourning comes from the German word trauern, meaning "to mourn". Mourning is the external form of mourning for the dead. Mourning can be personal or public.

At this time, people are instructed to perform certain actions: to refuse public manifestation positive emotions, wear clothes of a special color, observe a number of restrictions in everyday life and habits.

At the state level, a day of mourning is declared if any natural or man-made disaster, terrorist attack or accident occurs in the country.

In the same way, they can honor the death of a prominent political or public figure. Most often, state mourning lasts several days.

Personal mourning lasts much longer. A person himself chooses the period during which he indulges in grief.

Mourning in today's Russia

How to observe mourning modern world What traditions to rely on, you ask. Of course, globalization now makes it possible to borrow rites from different cultures, you can take an example from the West or the East. But most often people turn to the original tradition, characteristic of their country.

Customs in Russia are based on Orthodox canons. By church tradition deep mourning should be observed on:

• parents;
• children;
• grandfather;
• grandmother;
• spouses;
• brother
• sister.

The longest mourning prescribed by the church for widows is two years. The period of mourning for a wife, parents and children is one year.

It is customary to mourn a brother or sister for four months, an uncle, aunt and cousins ​​- three.

Secular traditions are somewhat different from church ones. Thus, the widow is required to wear mourning for only a year. The same period is allotted for mourning for parents. For other close relatives (grandmother, grandfather, brother, sister) they grieve for six months.

It is important to remember that the mourning etiquette prescribed by society can change depending on the circumstances.

IN last years many people generally refuse to publicly display their grief. Every person has the right to mourning, but how much to wear it and for whom is a personal matter.

Mourning Rules

Death always comes unexpectedly. Often the relatives of the deceased are lost and do not know what to do and how to be in this situation. Mourning etiquette partly makes life easier for relatives in the first time after their loss. Simple and understandable recommendations that regulate all areas of life make it easier to survive the death of a loved one and adapt to a new situation.

First of all, let's decide what is supposed to be done in the first days after a person's death. Close relatives need to notify all relatives and friends of the deceased about the sad event.

It is considered proper to come to say goodbye to the deceased, even if you have not received a personal invitation. After all, relatives in their grief can easily forget about someone. If you were in a strained relationship with the deceased, then you need to come to the funeral to show that hostility is broken by death.

If you cannot attend the funeral, although you live in the same city as the deceased and his family, you must apologize to the relatives.

The reasons for the absence from the farewell ceremony should be weighty enough so that the relatives of the deceased are not offended by the inattention.

Relatives and friends of the deceased person living in other cities are notified in writing. If they cannot come to say goodbye, they should send their condolences and express how dear the deceased was to them.

The funeral rite prescribes a special behavior for all relatives and friends. So, next to the deceased, it is considered indecent to talk loudly and discuss issues not related to death. It is unacceptable to discuss news, work affairs or joke. Too obvious manifestation of grief is also condemned. It is assumed that on the day of mourning, all those who come share similar feelings. It is inappropriate to talk a lot about your condolences to relatives or about your love for the deceased. By doing this, you only risk inflaming the wounds of loved ones.

The memory of the deceased is celebrated after nine days from the moment of death, followed by forties and then a year.

What to wear to a funeral

Mourning etiquette involves a special form of clothing. In our tradition, the color of mourning is black. Men usually wear a black suit with a light or dark shirt for the mourning ceremony. It is acceptable to replace the shirt with a turtleneck.

Both men and women must wear closed clothing.

Festive decorations, glitter and bright decor at a funeral look indecent. On the head it is desirable to wear:

• black scarf;
• hat;
• scarf.

If a parent does not know how to dress a child for a farewell ceremony, then it is worth remembering that the same rules apply for children's clothes as for adults. Let's make a reservation right away, mourning etiquette admits that very young children may not be present at parting with distant relatives or acquaintances.

How long does mourning for relatives last?

Quite often, the relatives of the deceased are concerned about the question of how long the mourning lasts. The period of mourning is proportional to the degree of kinship. It should also be remembered that this entire period is divided into two equal parts: mourning, when the restrictions imposed are especially strong, and semi-mourning, designed to gradually adapt a person to everyday life.

The deepest mourning is for her husband.

Within a year (or two years), a woman not only avoids bright colors in clothes, she also changes her behavior. In particular, the widow is prohibited from attending any entertainment events, as well as remarrying. After six months, a woman can change strict black dresses for clothes dark colors. It is acceptable to use white elements. But it is better to refrain from cosmetics and jewelry for the entire period of mourning. It is interesting that spirits can be used during this period. Tradition does not forbid it.

So women have to grieve long enough. Now let's see how much mourning men who have lost their wife wear. Oddly enough, a widower wears mourning for six months. Accordingly, three months - deep mourning, three more - semi-mourning. After six months, a man can remarry and return to his normal life.

Children wear mourning for their parents throughout the year. At the same time, the color of the clothes gradually changes from black to lighter tones.

It is customary to wear mourning for children, as well as for grandparents, for six months. However, it happens that mothers who have lost their children wear mourning all their lives.

We especially note that children under the age of 12 can wear mourning only for their parents, grandparents.

No matter who you grieve for, you should remember: mourning for the deceased is not only external attributes, but also a special way of life. It is assumed that at this time a person thinks about the eternal. It is necessary to observe restraint, do good deeds in memory of the deceased, give alms and pray (if you are a religious person). The day of mourning is a time when a person thinks about himself, his loved ones and about the meaning of life.

Observance of mourning in a modern city is often difficult: the dress code at work, life circumstances and much more often force the relatives of the deceased to refuse to wear black things.

How many days to wear dark, of course, you decide. But remember, sometimes a temporary rejection of familiar things helps to deeply realize your loss and survive the pain.

This time we will again answer some of the questions that readers most often ask us. This is what, in particular, those who gathered at one of our last author's evenings were interested in.

How long is it necessary to mourn for the deceased?

There can be two options for behavior: in accordance with one's own ideas about the state of grief for a lost loved one and according to the prescription church rules.

In the first case, the person himself decides how and how much mourning should be observed. It happens that mothers who have buried their only children remain in mourning all their lives. On the other hand, it is unlikely that those around will not understand a young woman who has lost her husband, who, some time after the funeral, will marry again and return to her usual way of life with the corresponding joys and entertainment. In addition, mourning is not necessarily a constant crepe on the head. This is, first of all, restrained, non-idle behavior in everyday life, in society, etc.

According to church rules, the period of mourning in one case or another is strictly regulated. A widow is supposed to wear mourning for two years. During this period, she must wear black clothes without any decorations, and she is forbidden to attend any entertainment events. The widower is prescribed a much shorter mourning - only six months. Children for parents, as well as for grandparents, brothers and sisters, also wear mourning for six months.

Is it true that wine and vodka products are not supposed to be consumed at the commemoration?

This is solely at the request and possibilities of relatives and guests. If the relatives of the deceased want to arrange a funeral and a commemoration in accordance with the old customs, then, indeed, once, in ancient times, it was not customary to use anything so strong at a memorial meal: people in such cases managed with all sorts of jelly, brews, kvass, etc. .P. But times are changing. New traditions are coming. For quite a long time at the commemoration, it is most often customary to drink, as the song says, wine with sadness in half. And it has also become a tradition. Therefore, everyone is free to choose from the two traditions the one that he considers most worthy of the memory of the deceased loved one.

Is a photograph of the deceased appropriate on the tombstone?

The answer here may be similar to the previous one: at the request of the relatives of the deceased. Somewhere before 1920-30, it was not customary to install photographs on tombstones. Even on the stone pre-revolutionary monuments, we will not find photographs with the rarest, literally single exception. There is no talk at all about the unpreserved wooden crosses, which make up nine-tenths of all tombstones of the pre-Soviet period. On ancient stone monuments, one can often find a shallow rectangular or semicircular empty niche, intended, as one might assume, specifically for photography. But actually it is not. In these niches there was once an image of Christ, the Virgin or saints. The face of Christ was usually installed on the monument to the deceased, the Virgin - on the gravestone of the deceased. With the images of the saints, everything is even more interesting. If, say, the deceased was called Nicholas, then the image of Nicholas the Wonderworker was installed on the monument in a niche. It is clear why images of Basil the Great, John Chrysostom, Saints Peter, Alexy, Philip, Tatiana of Rome, etc. could be found on certain monuments. Here is a good Russian tradition! If the guests of the site require our personal opinion on this issue, then we would recommend installing on the tombstone of your loved one not a photograph of the deceased, but the image of his heavenly patron.

Why are there graves in cemeteries that are not parallel to the east-west axis?

This can be found most often somewhere in the outback. We sometimes came across graves in rural graveyards, located almost perpendicular to the axis mentioned in the question. If these are burials of the last decades, then their “non-parallel” arrangement is explained only by the carelessness of the gravediggers. But back in the 19th century, and, of course, in more early times, such deviations from the uniform arrangement of the hillocks had, not surprisingly, the most valid reason. In general, it is customary to dig a grave in the morning. Moreover, it does not matter when exactly the person died - today, yesterday or the day before yesterday. In any case, the graves were dug at sunrise. And this was done precisely in order to bury the deceased, as it seemed to conscientious villagers, with their feet strictly to the east. Understandable! Where the sun rises, there is the east. But what was the result? The lines of the location of the mounds of the deceased at Christmas and who gave his soul to God shortly after the Trinity sometimes diverged almost at right angles! Naturally! - the sun rises at the beginning of summer far from where it rose at the beginning of winter. And this should be taken into account by the peasants. But for some lofty reason they acted exactly as stated above. That is why there were known discrepancies.

Why haven't new cemeteries been opened in Moscow for many years?

The last cemetery opened for burials - Perepechinsky - dates back to June 1, 1999. Apart from the fact that in connection with the unprecedented recent expansion of the capital, there were many cemeteries of various sizes within the Moscow city limits, then, indeed, after Perepechinsky, no new city-wide cemeteries were opened in Moscow. Why is that? - the answer is simple: there is enough space for burials of the dead in the capital today. But if there is a need for such areas, then since 2005, in the Dmitrovsky district near Moscow, near the village of Ozeretskoye, the Moscow government has reserved land plot an area of ​​​​70 hectares (this is a little more than the Vagankovsky cemetery) to organize a new metropolitan burial place there.

When did the dead begin to be cremated in Russia?

In this case, we are not talking about the ancient pagan burning of the dead, but about cremation as a modern technological process.

The first crematorium in Russia was built ... in the Baltic Sea. At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, a special laboratory for the production of anti-plague preparations was set up in Fort Alexander I, located on an artificial island. For such production, animals were used - carriers of the virus. Then the corpses of these animals in the same place - in the fort - were cremated. But in addition to animals, several people were cremated in the Alexander crematorium - those who contracted the plague and died as a result of scientists. It is precisely because people were burned in the crematorium of the fort that it can be considered the first Russian crematorium.

During the period civil war in Russia there were at least two crematoria - in Vladivostok and in Petrograd.

Finally, in 1927, perhaps the most famous crematorium in our country was built at the New Donskoy Cemetery in Moscow. There is evidence that back in 1918, Lenin ordered the purchase of an oven, or even several ovens, for cremating corpses abroad. In the most difficult year of the civil war - in 1919 - a competition was announced for the design of the crematorium. The talented constructivist architect Dmitry Petrovich Osipov won the competition. He proposed an unexpected, and most importantly economical solution - at that time it was especially important. According to his project, only the recently built Seraphim Church at the new Donskoy Cemetery was supposed to become a crematorium, after a slight alteration. It turned out that under this church there were extensive basements, quite suitable for installing a cremation oven there. Indeed, Osipov did not need to particularly remake the building: the most significant structural change was the erection of a twenty-meter-high tower, instead of a dome, square in plan, glazed with vertical stained-glass windows. All other changes concerned mainly decorative elements the buildings. As a result, the building, painted to look like “wet concrete”, acquired a strict, emphatically “mournful” look. Equipment was installed in the crematorium - a sliding platform, an elevator for feeding the corpse to the furnaces and the furnaces themselves - from the German company "Topf". As they wrote in those years, both cremation ovens could burn up to 35 corpses per day at maximum load. It is curious to note that the ovens of the same company - "Topf" - were equipped with the Auschwitz crematoria.

Agitation for cremation was then widely launched in the Soviet press. Many great people urged fellow citizens to support the progressive idea of ​​power with their voluntary participation. So the chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR M.I. Kalinin paternally advised all workers to go to the furnace. The all-Union headman supported this opinion with a promise to follow the same place in due time: “I was asked to give my opinion on the significance of cremation. I can only say one thing: my desire is to be burned after death, ”he said in an interview with the Utilities magazine. The engineers of human souls, the writers, did not stay away from the campaign either. Who better than them - the artists of the word, the mouthpieces of the era - to convince the masses to support the policy of the proletarian government! So A.S. Serafimovich colorfully appealed: “It is monstrous to take joy, health, their life from the living in pieces by huge expanses of decaying, smoking earth. Instead of this contaminated land, it is necessary to plant greenery everywhere that trembles with life, joy, and youthful freshness. When I die, I must be sure to be burned.” Let us note that neither Kalinin nor Serafimovich were burned: both were buried, as they say now, in a "coffin" - one near the Kremlin wall, the other on Novodevichy.

A preliminary test of the operation of the Moscow crematorium was made on December 29, 1926. The same magazine “Communal Services” spoke about this with naturalistic details: “Two female corpses were burned in pine coffins. The net weight of the first burned corpse is 50.4 kg, the second - 38.35 kg. The burning process, counting from the moment the coffin was put into the furnace until the moment the metal vessel with the ashes was taken out, lasted 1 hour 30 minutes for the first corpse, 1 hour 40 minutes for the second. parts of the bones, easily crumbling when they are lightly rubbed between the fingers. White color remains of bones indicates that the burning was carried out in a jet of hot clean air on the one hand and with complete combustion on the other. In general, it can be said that the ashes were of high quality and represented a pleasant mass. The weight of the ash for the first corpse turned out to be 1.9 kg. = 3.8% of the body weight. For the second corpse, it turned out to be 1.8 kg. = 4.7% of the body weight. The fuel for the cremation oven was coke from coal of Donetsk origin.” Note that the corpse is burned in the crematorium not on coal itself, but in a stream of hot air supplied from the furnace, where fuel burns into a special chamber with a coffin with the deceased installed there. And more curious! - the cremation system was designed in such a way that the hot air generated by the furnace simultaneously heated the considerable interior space of the crematorium: apparently, it passed through some kind of air ducts that give off heat to the premises, like a Chinese kan.

Mass cremation of Muscovites began almost a year after the test burning. Accurately, on the tenth anniversary of the Great October Revolution, the crematorium started working on full power. The Vechernyaya Moskva newspaper in those days wrote: “The first meeting of the established Society for the Propagation of Cremation Ideas in the RSFSR took place in Moscow. Society unites all those who sympathize with this idea. The annual membership fee is 50 kopecks... The General Meeting decided to organize working excursions to the crematorium in order to popularize the ideas of cremation and attract new members...”. And such a pagan-atheistic disposal of members of the cremation society and sympathizers of this idea continued here until 1973. It was a memorable, downright Buchenwald picture: from a gloomy square tower dominating the area, clearly visible from everywhere, black smoke rose day and night. Residents in neighboring houses usually did not hang linen on the balconies - the wind could bring soot to it.

For many years, the tram stop on the southwestern corner of the New Donskoy Cemetery was called the "Crematorium". In the first half of the 1970s, the author of the essay also came across a somewhat amusing announcement by the driver in the 39th tram: “Stop - “Peoples' Friendship University”. Former - "Crematorium".

During the years of operation of the Donskoy crematorium, tens of thousands of corpses passed through it. Only the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War, who died in Moscow hospitals, were cremated here and buried in mass grave more than fifteen thousand people. All those buried in the Kremlin wall until 1973 were put on fire here. During the period of repression from Lubyanka, from Lefortovo, from other places, the bodies of the executed or tortured were brought here by trucks. And now the remains of V.K. are buried in the territory of the new Donskoy cemetery. Blucher, A.I. Egorova, M.N. Tukhachevsky, I.P. Uborevich, I.E. Yakira, A.V. Kosareva, S.V. Kosiora, A.M. Krasnoshchekova, P.P. Postysheva, M.N. Ryutina, A.I. Ugarova, N.A. Uglanova, V.Ya. Chubar, Pavel Vasiliev, Sergei Klychkov, Mikhail Koltsov, Vsevolod Meyerhold and many others.

In the depths of the cemetery, at the crossroads of two paths, there is an obelisk in memory of the victims of repression, and around it dozens of tablets with their names are stuck into the ground. Such a sign can be installed here by anyone who has had someone close to him repressed.

Since the launch of the crematorium, the main type of burial on the new Donskoy has become an urn with ashes installed in a columbarium or in the cemetery wall itself. Sometimes the ashes of the cremated are buried in the ground. And until very recently, the dead were not buried here.

In the period 1973-1984, the so-called. false cremations: in the mourning hall, the corresponding rite of farewell to the deceased took place, the coffin with the body was lowered into the lower room, but was no longer burned there, but was then taken out to the Nikolo-Arkhangelsk crematorium. And in the late 1990s, the square tower of the Osipovsky crematorium was completely destroyed, and a pyramidal dome with a cross rose above the building. The mourning "wet concrete" color was replaced by a cheerful pink. In the former hall of farewell, instead of an organ, there is now an altar, and where there was a pedestal with an elevator mechanism that lowers the coffin to the furnace, salt now protrudes. But the most amazing thing is that the entire columbarium has been preserved intact in the temple. It is only covered with light temporary partitions. A terrible picture, to be honest. Temple columbarium. World architecture has never known such eclecticism. Of course, it's too late to talk about this, but it would be better to keep the crematorium of the Osipov project. It was a true monument of architecture and history.

Instruction

Follow the customs of the country in which you live. When appointed mourning and at the state level in connection with a large number people observe a minute of silence in respect for the dead and solidarity with the rest of the country's population in expressing condolences to their families. State will be half-mast, and entertainment TV programs cancelled.

Wear black clothes with or a friend. Deep mourning implies that all clothes on you must be black, and with the floor mourning It is not allowed to wear only one black item, such as a dress or headscarf.

Observe mourning right after . Duration mourning but it depends on the degree of closeness to you of the deceased. For example, after the death of a spouse, it is necessary to observe mourning within a year, and those who have lost a spouse must be in mourning e six months. They grieve for their parents for a year, from less than three months to six months.

Refrain from entertainment and attending holidays, marriage during mourning but. You should not arrange magnificent celebrations, have fun, sing and dance. Do not deny yourself communication. If you feel that it is hard for you, feel the need to talk about your loss, cry, then do not hesitate to express your emotions.

Pray for the deceased, fervently and with all your heart, if you are a believer. In addition to external attributes mourning Yes, this is an important condition mourning but. If the deceased was baptized, order a magpie, and on the ninth and fortieth days after his death, a memorial service should be served. Do not forget to subsequently mention the name he received during the rite of baptism in prayers for.

When thinking about the laws that must be observed in the army, cases of hazing between military personnel (simply "hazing") and desertion, disseminated by the media, inevitably pop up in my head. Moreover, the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is just the tip of the iceberg in a huge array of regulations that military personnel should be guided by in everyday life. Russian army.

Instruction

Start by studying Section VI of the Federal Law of March 28, 1998 No. 53-FZ “On military duty and”. It provides detailed information on the term of service of military personnel, on the procedure for taking the military oath and, most importantly, on military ranks, which I strongly recommend to learn in advance, so as not to be branded as a “brake” in the army, who cannot quickly master elementary things.

Read the federal law dated May 27, 1998 No. 76-FZ "On the status of military personnel". It explains your rights and obligations during the course military service, as well as liability in case of violation of these obligations.

Passing process military service regulated by 3 Charters (the Charter of service on ships of the Navy still applies).
1. The Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the basic legal act regulating everyday life and activities of military personnel in a military unit in order to maintain internal order and military discipline;
2. The disciplinary charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation defines the concept of "military discipline", regulates the duties of military personnel for its observance, types of rewards and punishments, and also prescribes the procedure for filing applications,. In particular, after reading this charter, you will find out for what offenses you can be sent to a guardhouse;
3. The Charter of the garrison, commandant and guard services of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation determines the purpose, organization and performance of guard, commandant and garrison services, the rights and obligations of military personnel performing these services.

Do not forget to read Chapter 33 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, especially Art. 335 “Violation of the statutory rules of relations between military personnel in the absence of subordination relations between them”, Art. 337 “Unauthorized abandonment of a unit or place of service”, as well as Art. 338 “Desertion”. As shown, these are the most common offenses committed by military personnel. Therefore, the awareness of what you may face, in your opinion, an innocent prank like AWOL, can save you, for example, from punishment in the form of detention in a disciplinary military unit.

Be sure to read about the current informal rules. Find friends who served in the army and ask them to tell you how everything really works there. Look for the forums served in the army and ask them questions that interest you. Remember, experience will not replace hundreds of circulars and regulations, and as practice shows, it often does not comply with the provisions of regulatory legal acts.

It is believed that the deceased mother and father visit the dreams of their children in order to help them, prompt, guide them on the true path. Dreams in which a person hugs his now deceased parents are considered auspicious.

Seeing dead parents in a dream. Miller's dream book

Gustav Miller reports that now-deceased parents, dreaming in a warm and cozy atmosphere, symbolize well-being. If you dreamed about how a father or mother scolds a person in a dream, in reality this may mean disapproval on their part. Apparently, the dreamer is doing something wrong. Talking in a dream with deceased parents - to help in reality.

Gustav Miller divides all dreams about deceased parents into two groups: the first group is dreams that occur when parents are alive, the second group is dreams that occur after their true death. In principle, Miller sees nothing wrong in both cases. On the contrary, dreams about deceased parents that occur when mom and dad are now alive speak of their longevity.

Dead parents in a dream. Freud's dream book

Sigmund Freud calls such dreams symbols of human regrets about their missed opportunities, about any memories and about past successes. If the dreamer sees that his parents have died, while in reality they are healthy, this may indicate the subconscious desire of the sleeping person to die. Freud justifies such a cruel interpretation: apparently, once the parents prevented the dreamer from carrying out his plans, for which he was very offended by them.

Dead parents in a dream. Dream interpretation of the XXI century

According to these interpretations, to see dead parents in a dream is to wealth and happiness. If the father is dreaming now, losses are coming in reality: the dreamer may lose his inheritance. Talking in a dream with a deceased father - to the correct understanding and rethinking of spiritual values. There is no need to argue in a dream with your parents, especially with your dad, as this can lead to a decline in business.

See in a dream dead mother- to a warning against rash acts in reality. Dead mothers most often come to their sons in a dream to dissuade them from some conceived dubious deeds that can go sideways for them. In addition, in a dream, a mother symbolizes changes for the better, but sometimes she can dream of a serious illness of a dreamer or before his own death.

Deceased parents. Dream Interpretation of the World

The interpreters of this dream book say that such dreams warn of impending danger. Need to be more careful with strangers. Talking in a dream with deceased parents - to receive some important news in reality. Swearing in a dream with the now deceased mother and father - to boredom for them in reality. The dreamer, apparently, feels guilty before them. A bad dream is one in which the deceased parents extend their hand to the dreamer, calling for them.

Any nation strives to preserve the traditions of its ancestors. This is the basis for further spiritual development nation. IN modern society keeping traditions that have been handed down from generation to generation becomes a difficult task.

For hundreds of years, the Russian people have accumulated invaluable experience, which has found its expression in traditions, beliefs, and rituals. The change of pagan religion to Christian influenced the worldview of the Slavs. However, paganism harmoniously merged over time, forming the most important layer of Russian culture. Some traditions have been transformed, while retaining the Proto-Slavic basis. The observance of the traditions of the ancestors is necessary condition for procreation and spiritual development. Most of the moral categories of Russians are nourished by the centuries-old experience of the Russian people.

Pagan traditions of the Russian people

Pagan beliefs are considered the most ancient and stable for the Slavs. Mostly calendar rituals connected with the celebration of the preserved pagan holidays have survived to this day. For example, burning an effigy of Maslenitsa, caroling, weaving wreaths for Ivan Kupala, wedding customs, etc. They appeared thanks to the agricultural cycle of the ancient Slavs. Compliance with holiday customs and rituals allows you to strengthen family ties and pass on unique knowledge to future generations.

Each clan had its own sacred animal, which protected the tribe from evil spirits. The mythological image of the bear, which has become one of the symbols of Russia, has survived to this day. bear in Slavic mythology considered to be a protector evil forces and patron of the family. Therefore, many peasants had a talisman-amulet from a bear's paw at home. The horse was also a revered animal, since most peoples led a nomadic lifestyle. The horse was a sacred animal, and the presence of a horseshoe at home is still associated in the minds of Russians with a powerful protective effect. Brownie deserves special attention. This is the main guard of the house and its owner. The brownie had to be appeased by any means, since an angry brownie could leave the house. Our ancestors did not think of maintaining harmony in the family without a brownie.

Christian traditions of the Russian people

Christianity laid the foundation for the spiritual development of the Slavs. It may seem that Russians today do not observe all Orthodox traditions. However, it all depends on the conscious choice of a person. Christian traditions are associated primarily with the moral categories of goodness, justice, forgiveness, and gratitude. These are the very commandments that Jesus bequeathed to mankind. Believers try to keep them in harsh modern conditions. In festive rituals, Christian and pagan traditions are closely intertwined, therefore modern man hard to separate one. One way or another, the observance of the traditions of the ancestors is an important component of the internal state of a person. Thus, an invisible, but very powerful bond of generations is created.

Sources:

• Traditions of our ancestors