The history of the Russian state has more than 12 centuries. Over the centuries, events have occurred that have become a turning point on the scale of a vast country. Top 10 important dates in the history of Russia collected in our top ten today.
Of course, such a list cannot be called exhaustive - in the richest Russian history there are more than one hundred significant days. However, we propose to start small and turn to the current ten.
September 8, 1380 - Battle of Kulikovo (Battle of the Don or Mamaevo)
This battle between the army of Dmitry Donskoy and the army of Mamai is considered a turning point in more than two hundred years. Tatar-Mongol yoke. The crushing defeat dealt a blow to the military and political dominance of the Horde. According to legend, the battle was preceded by a duel between the Russian hero Peresvet and the Pecheneg Chelubey.
November 24, 1480 - The fall of the Tatar-Mongol yoke
The Mongol yoke was established in Russia in 1243 and remained unshakable for 237 years. At the end of November 1480, the Great Standing on the Ugra River ended, which marked the victory of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III over the Khan of the Great Horde Akhmat.
October 26, 1612 - The liberation of the Kremlin from the invaders
On this day, members of the people's militia led by the legendary Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin liberate the Kremlin from the Polish-Swedish invaders. Among those who left the Kremlin was the nun Marfa with her son Mikhail Romanov, who in 1613 was proclaimed the new Russian sovereign.
June 27, 1709 - Battle of Poltava
The largest battle of the Northern War ended with a decisive victory for the Russian army. From that moment on, the authority of Sweden as one of the leading military powers in Europe was over. But the power of the renewed Russian army was demonstrated to the whole world.
August 26, 1812 - Battle of Borodino
The largest battle of the Patriotic War lasted 12 hours. Both armies lost 25-30% of their composition. The battle was conceived by Napoleon as a general one, and the goal was a crushing defeat. Russian army. However, the battle ended ingloriously for the French, despite the retreat of the Russians, and marked the beginning of the end of the Napoleonic campaign.
February 19, 1861 - the abolition of Russian serfdom
The freedom of the peasants was enshrined in the manifesto of Emperor Alexander II, who was popularly called the Liberator. By the time the manifesto was published, the share of serfs in the population of Russia was about 37%.
February 27, 1917 - February Revolution
An armed uprising in February 1917 led to the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II. It is these events that are considered the beginning of the Soviet period in the history of Russia. For the next 74 years, the state established new form board.
May 9, 1945 - Signing of the Act of unconditional surrender of Germany
The day of the end of the Great Patriotic War was declared a national holiday immediately in 1945. Despite the fact that the first victory parade was held in the capital on Red Square on June 24, 1945, the Russians celebrate Victory Day on May 9.
April 12, 1961 - Yuri Gagarin's flight into space
The first manned flight into space was not only major event v scientific world, but also significantly strengthened the prestige of the USSR as a military space power. In the eyes of the whole world, the authority of the Americans was undermined; space flight became decisive for a number of states that wavered in their sympathies between the Union and the United States.
December 8, 1991 - Signing of the Agreement on the establishment of the CIS (Belovezhskaya agreement)
The agreement was signed by three leaders: Boris Yeltsin, Stanislav Shushkevich and Leonid Kravchuk. This event can be considered the date of the final collapse of the USSR. By the end of 1991 the Russian Federation was recognized by the world community and took the place of the USSR in the UN. It can be considered that from this moment the history of modern Russia began.
Chronological table with dates on the history of Russia.
6th century - The legend of Prince Kiy - the founder of the city of Kiev.
9th century - Formation of the Old Russian state
860 - Rus' campaign against Constantinople.
882 - Unification of Novgorod and Kiev under Prince Oleg.
907, 911 - Oleg's campaigns against Tsargrad. Treaty with the Greeks.
944 - Treaty of Igor with Byzantium.
945 - Rebellion of the Drevlyans.
957 - Olga's embassy in Constantinople.
964-972 - Campaigns of Svyatoslav.
980-1015 - The reign of Vladimir I.
988 - The adoption of Christianity by Russia.
1015 - The uprising in Novgorod against the Varangians.
1019-1054 - The reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
1068-1072 - Popular performances in Kiev, Novgorod, Rostov-Suzdal, Chernigov lands.
1097 - Lyubech congress of Russian princes.
1113 - Uprising in Kiev.
1113-1125 - Vladimir Monomakh's reign.
1136 -- Establishment of a republic in Novgorod.
1147 - The first mention in the annals of Moscow.
Beginning of the XII-end of the XV centuries. - Feudal fragmentation of Russia.
1169 - The capture of Kiev by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky.
1202 - Formation of the Order of the Sword.
1206-1227 - The reign of Genghis Khan.
1219-1221 - Mongol-Tatar conquest of Central Asia.
Early 13th century - Formation of the Lithuanian state.
1227-1255 - The reign of Batu.
1235-1243 - The Mongol-Tatars conquered Transcaucasia.
1236 - The conquest of the Volga Bulgaria by the Mongol-Tatars.
1237-1240 - The conquest of Russia by the Mongol-Tatars.
1237 - Formation of the Livonian Order.
1243 - Formation of the state of the Golden Horde.
1247 - Formation of the Tver principality.
1252-1263 - Alexander Nevsky - Grand Duke Vladimirsky.
1262 - Uprisings in Russian cities against the Mongol-Tatars.
1276 - Formation of the Moscow principality.
1299 - Metropolitan moved from Kiev to Vladimir.
1301 - Accession of Kolomna to Moscow.
1302 - The entry of Pereyaslavl-Zalessky into the Moscow principality.
1303 - Accession of Mozhaisk to Moscow.
1310 - Adoption of Islam as the state religion of the Golden Horde.
Around 1313-1392 - Sergius of Radonezh.
1327 - The uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde.
1328 - Transfer of the center of the metropolis to Moscow.
1359-1389 - Board of Dmitry Donskoy in Moscow (since 1363 - Grand Duke of Vladimir).
OK. 1360-1430 - Andrei Rublev.
1363 - The victory of the Lithuanian troops over the Horde at Blue Waters. The entry of Kiev into Lithuania. 1367 - Construction of the white-stone Kremlin in Moscow.
1378 - The first victory over the Golden Horde on the river Vozha.
1382 - The defeat of Moscow by Tokhtamysh.
1385 - Kreva union between Lithuania and Poland.
1393 - Accession of Nizhny Novgorod to Moscow.
1395 - The ruin of the Golden Horde by Timur.
1425-1453 - Great feudal war between the sons and grandsons of Dmitry Donskoy.
1437 - Formation of the Kazan Khanate.
1439 - Union of Florence.
1443 - Formation of the Crimean Khanate.
1448 - Election of Jonah to the Russian metropolis. Russian autocephaly Orthodox Church.
1453 - Fall of the Byzantine Empire.
1462-1505 - The reign of Ivan III
1463 - Accession to Moscow of the Yaroslavl principality.
1469-1472 - Travel of Athanasius Nikitin to India.
1471 - Battle on the river. Shelons of the Moscow and Novgorod troops.
1474 - Accession to Moscow of Rostov the Great.
1478 - Annexation of Novgorod the Great to Moscow.
1480 - Standing on the river Ugra. The final overthrow of the Mongol-Tatar yoke.
1484-1508 - Construction of the current Moscow Kremlin. The construction of cathedrals and the Faceted Chamber, brick walls.
1485 - Accession of Tver to Moscow.
1489 - Accession to Moscow of the Vyatka land.
1497 - Sudebnik of Ivan III.
End of the XV-beginning of the XVI centuries. - Formation of the Russian centralized state.
1500-1503, 1507-1508, 1512-1522, 1534-1537 - Russian-Lithuanian wars.
1502 - End of the Golden Horde.
1503 - church cathedral on the issue of monastic land ownership (Nil Sorsky - Joseph Volotsky).
1505-1533 - The reign of Basil III.
1510 - Accession of Pskov to Moscow.
1514 - Accession of Smolensk to Moscow.
1521 - Accession of the Ryazan and Seversk lands to Moscow.
1547 - Uprising in Moscow.
1549 - Beginning of the convocation of Zemsky Sobors.
1550 - Sudebnik of Ivan IV.
1551 - Stoglavy Cathedral.
1552 - Accession of the Kazan Khanate to Moscow.
1552-1557 - The entry of the Volga region into Russia.
1556 - Accession of the Astrakhan Khanate to Russia.
1558-1583 - Livonian war.
1561 - The defeat of the Livonian Order.
1564 - Beginning of book printing in Russia. "Apostle".
1565-1572 - Oprichnina.
1569 - Union of Lublin. Formation of the Commonwealth.
1581 - The first mention of reserved years.
1581 - Yermak's campaign in Siberia.
1582 - Yam-Zapolsky truce with Poland.
1583 - Peace of Plus with Sweden.
1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate. Patriarch Job.
1591 - Death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich.
1592 - Compilation of scribe and census books.
1595 - Tyavzinsky peace with Sweden.
1596 - Brest Church Union.
1597 - Decree on a five-year investigation of the fugitives.
1598-1605 - Board of B.F. Godunov.
1603-1604 - Cotton Rebellion.
1605-1606 - Board of False Dmitry I.
1606-1607 - The uprising of I.I. Bolotnikov.
1606-1610 - The reign of Vasily Shuisky.
1607 - Decree on a fifteen-year investigation of the fugitives.
1607-1610 - False Dmitry II. Tushino camp.
1610-1613 - Seven Boyars.
1612, October 26 - Liberation from the interventionists of Moscow by the people's militia under the leadership of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky.
1617 - Stolbovsky peace with Sweden.
1618 - Deulino truce with Poland.
1645-1676 - Board of Alexei Mikhailovich.
1648-1654 - The liberation war of the Ukrainian people against the Poles under the leadership of B. Khmelnitsky.
1649 - Cathedral Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
1649 - Zborovsky peace.
1651 - Belotserkovsky peace.
1651 - The beginning of the reforms of Patriarch Nikon. Split.
1654-1667 - War with the Commonwealth for Ukraine.
1661 - Peace of Cardis with Sweden.
1662 - " copper riot" in Moscow.
1667 - Andrusovo truce with the Commonwealth.
1667-1669 - "Campaign for zipuns".
1667 - New trade charter.
1667-1676 - Solovetsky uprising.
1670-1671 - Peasant war led by S.T. Razin.
1676-1682 - the reign of Fedor Alekseevich.
1676-1681 - War between Russia and Turkey.
1682, 1698 - Streltsy uprisings in Moscow.
1682 - Abolition of localism.
1682-1689 - Sophia's reign.
1682-1725 - The reign of Peter I, until 1696, together with Ivan V (from 1682 to 1689 - under the regency of Sophia).
1686 - "Perpetual peace" with Poland.
1687 - Opening of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.
1687, 1689 - Crimean campaigns by V.V. Golitsyn.
1689 - Nerchinsk treaty with China.
1695, 1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I.
1697-1698 - "Great Embassy".
1700-1721 - Northern War.
1707-1708 - an uprising led by K. Bulavin.
1708-1710 - Establishment of provinces.
1710-1711 - Prut campaign.
1711 - Establishment of the Senate.
1713 - Transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg.
1714 - Decree on single inheritance.
1718-1721 - Establishment of colleges.
1720 - Victory of the Russian fleet at Grengam Island.
1721 - Permission to buy peasants to factories.
1721 - Establishment of the Synod.
1722 - Table of ranks.
1722 - Decree on the succession to the throne: the emperor himself can appoint himself an heir
1722-1723 - Caspian campaign.
1725 - Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1725-1727 - The reign of Catherine I.
1726-1730 - Supreme Privy Council.
1727-1730 - The reign of Peter P.
1730-1740 - The reign of Anna Ioannovna. Bironovshchina.
1731 - Cancellation of single inheritance.
1741-1761 - The reign of Elizabeth Petrovna.
1750 - Opening of the first Russian theater in Yaroslavl.
1756-1763 - Seven Years' War.
1761-1762 - The reign of Peter Sh.
1762 - Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility.
1762-1796 -Reign of Catherine II.
1764 - Secularization of church property.
1764 - Liquidation of the hetmanate in Ukraine.
1768 - Beginning of the issue of banknotes.
1767-1768 - Laid Commission,
1768-1774 - Russian-Turkish war. Kyuchuk-Kainarji world.
1771 Plague riot in Moscow.
1772, 1793, 1795 - Partitions of Poland.
1773-1775 - The uprising of E.I. Pugachev.
1775 -- Institution of provinces Russian Empire.
1783 - Georgievsky treatise. Transition of Eastern Georgia; under Russian protectorate.
1785 - Letters of grant to the nobility and cities.
1787-1791 -Russian-Turkish war. Jassy world.
1796-1801 - Reign of Paul I
1797 - Manifesto on the three-day corvee.
1801-1825 - Reign of Alexander I Pavlovich.
1802 - Establishment of ministries in Russia.
1803 - Decree on "free cultivators".
1804-1813 - Russian-Iranian war.
1805-1807 - Russia's participation in the III and IV anti-Napoleonic coalitions.
1806-1812 - Russian-Turkish war.
1807 - Peace of Tilsit.
1810 - Creation of the State Council.
December 21, 1812 - Order of M.I. Kutuzov for the army to expel the French army from Russia.
1813-1814 - Foreign campaigns of the Russian army.
1813 - "Battle of the Nations" at Leipzig.
1816-1817 - Activities of the Union of Salvation.
1818-1821 - Activities of the Union of Welfare.
1820 - Rebellion in the Semyonovsky regiment.
1821 - Formation of the Southern Society.
1822 - Formation of the Northern Society.
1823 - Formation of the Society of United Slavs.
1825-1855 - The reign of Nicholas I Pavlovich.
1826 - Publication of the "cast-iron" censorship charter.
1826-1828 - Russian-Iranian war.
1828-1829 - Russian-Turkish war.
1837 - Construction railway Petersburg to Tsarskoye Selo.
1837-1841 - P.D. Kiselyov carried out a reform of the management of state peasants. 1839-1843 - Monetary reform of E.F. Kankrin.
1842 - Publication of the decree on "obliged peasants".
1844-1849 - Activities of the secret circle of M.V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky.
1845 - Formation of the Slavic Society of St. Cyril and Methodius.
1853-1856 - Creation of the "Free Russian Printing House".
1855-1881 - Reign of Alexander II Nikolaevich.
1855 - Signing of the Shimodsky treaty between Russia and Japan.
1856 - Paris Congress.
1860 - Beijing treaty between Russia and China.
1861-1863 - Activities of the secret circle "Great Russian".
1861-1864 - Activities of the organization "Land and Freedom".
1864 - Judicial, zemstvo and school reforms.
1864-1885 - The conquest of Central Asia by Russia.
1866 - Formation of the Turkestan Governor-General.
1868 - Establishment of vassal dependence of the Emirate of Bukhara from Russia.
1870 - Foundation of the Russian section of the First International.
1870 - Publication of the "City Regulations".
1873 - Establishment of the Union of the Three Emperors.
1874 - Military reform. The introduction of universal military service.
1874 - The first "going to the people."
1875 - Treatise of Russia and Japan on the division of possessions into Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island.
1876 - The entry of the Kokand Khanate into Russia.
1876-1879 - Activities of the organization "Land and Freedom".
1876 - The second "going to the people."
1877-1878 - Russian-Turkish war.
1878 - Signing of the San Stefano peace treaty.
1878 - Berlin Congress.
1879-1881 - Activities of the organization "Narodnaya Volya".
1879-1881 - Activities of the Black Redistribution organization.
1881-1894 - Reign Alexander III Aleksadrovich.
1881 - Adoption of the "Regulations on measures to protect state security and public peace."
1882 - Transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption.
1885 - A strike at the Nikolskaya manufactory of T.S. Morozov in Orekhovo-Zuevo.
1887 - Circular about "cook's children".
1889 - Adoption of the "Regulations on zemstvo chiefs".
1890 - Adoption of the "Regulations on provincial and district zemstvo institutions" (zemstvo counter-reform).
1891-1894 - Registration of the Franco-Russian Union.
1892 - Adoption of the "City Regulations" (city counter-reform).
1894-1917 - Reign of Nicholas II Alexandrovich.
1895 - Creation of the "Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class".
1897 - The first general population census in Russia.
1897 - Monetary reform S.Yu. Witte.
1898 - I Congress of the RSDLP.
1901 - "Obukhov defense".
1902 - Unification of neo-populist circles. Creation of the "Party of Socialist Revolutionaries".
1904-1905 - Russo-Japanese war.
1904, January 26-27 - Japanese ships attack Russian squadrons in Port Arthur and Chemulpo.
1905 - Creation of the "Union of the Russian people".
1907 - Creation of the "Union of Michael the Archangel".
1907-1912 - Activities of the III State Duma.
1917, February 27 - Formation of the Committee of the State Duma and the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
1917, March 2 - Abdication of Nicholas II from the throne. Formation of the Provisional Government. Establishment of dual power in Russia.
1917, October 24-26 - Armed uprising in Petrograd. II All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Formation of the Soviet government. (Great October Socialist Revolution).
1929 - Beginning of continuous collectivization.
1957 - Civil industry management reform. Creation of economic councils.
1959 - Visit of N.S. Khrushchev in the USA. 1959-1965 - Seven-year plan.
1970 - XXIV Congress of the CPSU.
1975 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki).
1976 - XXV Congress of the CPSU.
1981 - XXVI Congress of the CPSU.
1982 - Adoption of the Food Program.
1986 - XXVII Congress of the CPSU.
1987-1991 - The period of "perestroika" in the USSR.
1988 - XIX All-Union Party Conference.
1991 Dissolution of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and the Warsaw Treaty Organization.
1991, December 8 - Belovezhskaya agreement on the dissolution of the CCCI and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
1993, September 21 - Decree of the President B.N. Yeltsin on the beginning of the constitutional reform in Russia and the dissolution Supreme Council.
1993, October 3-4 - Armed clashes between supporters of the Supreme Council and government troops in Moscow.
LEADERS OF THE SOVIET STATE AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
head of state
(Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, since 1923 - Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, since 1938 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, from May 1989 to March 1990 - Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, since March 1990 - President of the USSR, since December 1991 - President of the Russian Federation).
1. Kamenev Lev Borisovich - November 1917 (according to the new style)
3. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - March 1919 - March 1946
4. Shvernik Nikolai Mikhailovich - March 1946 - March 1953
5. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - March 1953 - May 1960
7. Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich - July 1964 - December 1965
8. Podgorny Nikolai Viktorovich - December 1965 - June 1977
9. Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich - June 1983 - February 1984
10. Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich - April 1984 - March 1985
11. Andrey Andreyevich Gromyko - July 1985 - October 1988
12. Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeevich - October 1988 - December 1991
13. Yeltsin Boris Nikolaevich - June 1991 to December 1999
Head of the government
(Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, from July 1923 - Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, from March 1946 - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, from December 1990 to December 1991 - Prime Minister of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR, from December 1991 - Prime Minister Minister of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation)
1. Lenin Vladimir Ilyich - November 1917 - January 1924
2. Rykov Alexey Ivanovich - February 1924 - December 1930
3. Molotov Vyachevlav Mikhailovich - December 1930 - May 1941
4. Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich - May 1941 - March 1953
5. Georgy Maksimilianovich Malenkov - March 1953 - February 1955
6. Bulganin Nikolay Alexandrovich - February 1955 - March 1958
7. Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich - March 1958 - October 1964
8. Kosygin Alexey Nikolaevich - October 1964 - October 1980
9. Tikhonov Nikolai Alexandrovich - October 1980 - September 1985
10. Ryzhkov Nikolai Ivanovich - September 1985 - December 1990
11. Pavlov Valentin Sergeevich - December 1990 - August 1991
12. Gaidar Egor Timurovich - Spanish. obligatory – December 1991 – December 1992
13. Chernomyrdin Viktor Stepanovich - December 1992 - March 1998
14. Kirienko Sergey Vladilenovich - March 1998 - August 1998
15. Primakov Evgeny Maksimovich - September 1998 - May 1999
18. Kasyanov Mikhail Mikhailovich - May 2000 - to the present
Head of Comm, parties
(General Secretary of the Central Committee, from 1953 to 1966 First Secretary of the Central Committee).
Home " " Dates in the history of Russia: chronology
965 - rout Khazar Khaganate army Kiev prince Svyatoslav Igorevich.
988 - Baptism of Russia. Kievan Rus accepts Orthodox Christianity.
1223 - Battle on the Kalka- the first battle between the Russians and the Mughals.
1240 - Neva battle- a military conflict between the Russians, led by the Novgorod prince Alexander and the Swedes.
1242 - Battle on Lake Peipsi- a battle between the Russians, led by Alexander Nevsky and the knights of the Livonian Order. This battle went down in history as the Battle on the Ice.
1380 - Battle of Kulikovo- a battle between the united army of Russian principalities led by Dmitry Donskoy and the army of the Golden Horde led by Mamai.
1466 - 1472 - journey of Athanasius Nikitin to Persia, India and Turkey.
1480 - The final deliverance of Russia from the Mongol-Tatar yoke.
1552 - Capture of Kazan Russian troops of Ivan the Terrible, the cessation of the existence of the Kazan Khanate and its inclusion in the Muscovite Russia.
1556 - Accession of the Astrakhan Khanate to Moscow Rus.
1558 - 1583 - Livonian War. The war of the Russian kingdom against the Livonian Order and the subsequent conflict of the Russian kingdom with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Poland and Sweden.
1581 (or 1582) - 1585 - Yermak's campaigns in Siberia and battles with the Tatars.
1589 - Establishment of the Patriarchate in Russia.
1604 - The invasion of False Dmitry I in Russia. Beginning of the Time of Troubles.
1606 - 1607 - Bolotnikov's uprising.
1612 - The liberation of Moscow from the Poles by the people's militia of Minin and Pozharsky End of the Time of Troubles.
1613 - Rise to power in Russia of the Romanov dynasty.
1654 - Pereyaslav Rada decided to reunification of Ukraine with Russia.
1667 - Andrusovo truce between Russia and Poland. Left-bank Ukraine and Smolensk went to Russia.
1686 - "Eternal Peace" with Poland. Russia's entry into the anti-Turkish coalition.
1700 - 1721 - North War - fighting between Russia and Sweden.
1783 - Annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire.
1803 - Decree on free cultivators. The peasants received the right to redeem themselves with land.
1812 - Battle of Borodino- a battle between the Russian army led by Kutuzov and the French troops under the command of Napoleon.
1814 - The capture of Paris by Russian and allied troops.
1817 - 1864 - Caucasian war.
1825 - Decembrist revolt- armed anti-government rebellion of officers of the Russian army.
1825 - built first railroad in Russia.
1853 - 1856 - Crimean War . In this military conflict, the Russian Empire was opposed by England, France and the Ottoman Empire.
1861 - The abolition of serfdom in Russia.
1877 - 1878 - Russo-Turkish War
1914 - Start of World War I and the entry of the Russian Empire into it.
1917 - Revolution in Russia(February and October). In February, after the fall of the monarchy, power passed to the Provisional Government. In October, the Bolsheviks came to power through a coup.
1918 - 1922 - Russian Civil War. It ended with the victory of the Reds (Bolsheviks) and the creation of the Soviet state.
* Separate flashes civil war began in the autumn of 1917.
1941 - 1945 - War between the USSR and Germany. The confrontation took place within the framework of the Second World War.
1949 - Creation and testing of the first atomic bomb in USSR.
1961 - First manned flight into space. It was Yuri Gagarin from the USSR.
1991 - The collapse of the USSR and the fall of socialism.
1993 - Acceptance of the constitution by the Russian Federation.
2008 - Armed conflict between Russia and Georgia.
2014 - Holding in Russia, in Sochi, the Winter Olympics.
2014 - Return of Crimea to Russia.
2018 - Hosting the FIFA World Cup in Russia.
9th century - Formation of the Old Russian state.
862 - "The calling of the Varangians" to Russia.
862–879 - The reign of Rurik in Novgorod.
879–912 - The reign of Oleg in Kiev.
882 - Unification of Novgorod and Kiev into a single state under Prince Oleg.
907, 911 - Oleg's campaigns against Tsargrad. Treaties with the Greeks.
912–945 - The reign of Igor in Kiev.
945 - The uprising of the Drevlyans.
945–962 - The reign of Princess Olga in the early childhood of her son Prince Svyatoslav.
957 - Baptism of Princess Olga in Constantinople.
962–972 - The reign of Svyatoslav Igorevich.
964–972 - Military campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav. 980–1015 - The reign of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich the Holy.
988 - Adoption of Christianity in Russia.
1019–1054 - The reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
1037 - Start of construction of the church of St. Sophia in Kiev.
1045 - Start of construction of the church of St. Sophia in Novgorod the Great.
OK. 1072 - The final design of the "Russian Pravda" ("The Truth of the Yaroslavichs").
1097 - Congress of princes in Lyubech. Consolidation of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.
1113–1125 - The great reign of Vladimir Monomakh.
1125–1157 - The reign of Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky in Vladimir.
1136 - Establishment of a republic in Novgorod.
1147 - The first mention of Moscow in the annals.
1157–1174 - The reign of Andrei Yurievich Bogolyubsky.
1165 - Construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl.
1185 - The campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod Seversky against the Polovtsians. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign".
1199 - Unification of the Volyn and Galician principalities.
1202 - Formation of the Order of the Sword.
1237–1240 - Invasion of the Mongol Tatars led by Batu Khan to Russia.
1237 - Unification of the Teutonic Order with the Order of the Sword. Formation of the Livonian Order. 1238, 4 March. — The Battle of the River City.
1240, 15 July. - Battle of the Neva. The defeat of the Swedish knights by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich on the Neva River. Nicknamed Nevsky.
1240 - The defeat of Kiev by the Mongol-Tatars.
1242, 5 April. - Battle on the Ice. The defeat of the Crusaders by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky on Lake Peipsi.
1243 - Formation of the state of the Golden Horde.
1252–1263 - The reign of Alexander Nevsky on the grand princely Vladimir throne.
1264 - The collapse of the Galicia-Volyn principality under the blows of the Horde.
1276 - Formation of an independent Moscow principality.
1325–1340 - The reign of Prince Ivan Kalita in Moscow. 1326 - Transfer of the residence of the head of the Russian Orthodox Church - the Metropolitan - from Vladimir to Moscow, the transformation of Moscow into an all-Russian religious center.
1327 - The uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde.
1359–1389 - The reign of Prince (from 1362 - Grand Duke) Dmitry Ivanovich (after 1380 - Donskoy) in Moscow.
OK. 1360–1430 - The life and work of Andrei Rublev.
1378 - Battle on the Vozha River.
1382 - The defeat of Moscow by Tokhtamysh.
1389–1425 - The reign of Vasily I Dmitrievich.
1425–1453 - Dynastic war between the sons and grandchildren of Dmitry Donskoy.
1439 - Florentine church union on the unification of the Catholic and Orthodox churches under the leadership of the Pope. The act of union was signed by the Russian Metropolitan Isidore, for which he was deposed.
1448 - Election of Bishop Jonah of Ryazan as Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church and All Russia. Establishment of autocephaly (independence) of the Russian Orthodox Church from Byzantium. 1453 - Fall of the Byzantine Empire. 1462–1505 - The reign of Ivan III. 1463 - Joining Yaroslavl to Moscow. 1469–1472 - Travel of Athanasius Nikitin to India. 1471 - Battle of the Moscow and Novgorod troops on the Shelon River. 1478 - Annexation of Novgorod the Great to Moscow. 1480 - "Standing on the Ugra River". Liquidation of the Horde yoke. 1484–1508 - Construction of the current Moscow Kremlin. The construction of cathedrals and the Faceted Chamber, brick walls. 1485 - Accession of Tver to Moscow. 1497 - Compilation of the "Sudebnik" of Ivan III. Establishment of uniform norms of criminal liability and judicial procedural norms for the whole country, restriction of the right of a peasant to move from one feudal lord to another - a week before and a week after November 26 (St. George's Day in autumn). Late 15th - early 16th century – Completion of the process of folding the Russian centralized state. 1503 - Controversy between Nil Sorsky (the leader of the non-possessors who preached the rejection of the church from all property) and hegumen Joseph Volotsky (the leader of the acquirers, a supporter of the preservation of church land ownership). Condemnation of the views of non-possessors at the Church Council. 1503 - Accession to Moscow of the South-Western Russian lands. 1505–1533 - The reign of Basil III. 1510 - Accession of Pskov to Moscow. 1514 - Accession of Smolensk to Moscow. 1521 - Accession of Ryazan to Moscow. 1533–1584 - The reign of Grand Duke Ivan IV the Terrible. 1547 - The wedding of Ivan IV the Terrible to the kingdom. 1549 - Beginning of the convocation of Zemsky Sobors. 1550 - Adoption of the Sudebnik of Ivan IV the Terrible. 1551 - "Stoglavy Cathedral" of the Russian Orthodox Church. 1552 – Annexation of Kazan to Moscow. 1555–1560 - Construction of the Intercession Cathedral in Moscow (St. Basil's Cathedral). 1556 - Accession of Astrakhan to Moscow. 1556 - Adoption of the Code of Service. 1558–1583 - Livonian war. 1561 - The defeat of the Livonian Order. 1564 - Beginning of book printing in Russia. The publication by Ivan Fedorov of The Apostle, the first printed book with a fixed date. 1565–1572 - Oprichnina of Ivan IV the Terrible. 1569 - The conclusion of the Union of Lublin on the unification of Poland with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into one state - the Commonwealth. 1581 - The first mention of "reserved years". 1581 - Yermak's campaign in Siberia. 1582 - Signing of Yam Zapolsky truce between Russia and the Commonwealth. 1583 - Conclusion of the Truce of Plus with Sweden. 1584–1598 - The reign of Fedor Ioannovich. 1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Russia. Patriarch Job. 1597 - Decree on "lesson years" (a five-year term for the investigation of fugitive peasants). 1598–1605 - Board of Boris Godunov. 1603 - The uprising of peasants and serfs led by Cotton. 1605–1606 - The reign of False Dmitry I. 1606-1607. - The uprising of the peasants led by Ivan Bolotnikov. 1606–1610 - The reign of Tsar Vasily Shuisky. 1607–1610 - An attempt by False Dmitry II to seize power in Russia. The existence of the "Tushino camp". 1609–1611 - Defense of Smolensk. 1610–1613 - "Seven Boyars". 1611, March–June. - The first militia against the Polish troops led by P. Lyapunov. 1612 - The second militia under the leadership of D. Pozharsky and K. Minin. 1612, 26 October. - The liberation of Moscow from the Polish invaders by the Second Home Guard. 1613 - The Zemsky Sobor elected Mikhail Romanov to the kingdom. Beginning of the Romanov dynasty. 1613–1645 - The reign of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. 1617 - The conclusion of Stolbovsky "eternal peace" with Sweden. 1618 - Deulino truce with Poland. 1632–1634 - Smolensk war between Russia and the Commonwealth.
Russia in the 17th–18th centuries
1645–1676 - The reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. 1648 - Semyon Dezhnev's expedition along the Kolyma River and the Arctic Ocean. 1648 - The beginning of the uprising of Bogdan Khmelnitsky in Ukraine. 1648 - "Salt Riot" in Moscow. 1648–1650 - Uprisings in various cities of Russia. 1649 - Adoption Zemsky Cathedral a new set of laws - the "Cathedral Code" of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The final enslavement of the peasants. OK. 1653–1656 - Reform of Patriarch Nikon. The beginning of the church schism. 1654 January 8 - Pereyaslav Council. Reunification of Ukraine with Russia. 1654–1667 - The war between Russia and the Commonwealth for Ukraine. 1662 - "Copper Riot" in Moscow. 1667 - The conclusion of the Andrusovo truce between Russia and the Commonwealth. 1667 - Introduction of the New Trade Charter. 1667–1671 - Peasant war led by Stepan Razin. May 30, 1672 – Birth of Peter I. 1676–1682 - Board of Fedor Alekseevich. 1682 - Abolition of parochialism. 1682, 1698 - Streltsy uprisings in Moscow. 1682–1725 - The reign of Peter I (1682-1689 - under the regency of Sophia, until 1696 - together with Ivan V). 1686 - "Perpetual peace" with Poland. 1687 - Opening of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. 1695, 1696 - Campaigns of Peter I to Azov. 1697–1698 - Great Embassy. 1700–1721 - North War. 1703 May 16 - Foundation of St. Petersburg. 1707–1708 - Peasant uprising led by K. Bulavin. 1708, 28 September. - Battle of the village of Lesnoy. 1709 June 27. - Battle of Poltava. 1710–1711 - Prut campaign. 1711 - Establishment of the Senate. 1711–1765 – Life and work of M. V. Lomonosov. 1714 - Decree on uniform inheritance (repealed in 1731). 1714, 27 July. - Battle of Cape Gangut. 1718–1721 - Establishment of boards. 1720 - Battle of Grengam Island. 1721 - Treaty of Nystadt with Sweden. 1721 - Proclamation of Peter I as emperor. Russia has become an empire. 1722 - Adoption of the "Table of Ranks". 1722 - Signing of the decree on the succession to the throne. 1722–1723 - Caspian campaign. 1725 - Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. 1725–1727 – The reign of Catherine I. 1727–1730 - The reign of Peter II. 1730–1740 - The reign of Anna Ioannovna. "Bironovshchina". 1741–1761 - The reign of Elizabeth Petrovna. 1755 January 25 – Opening of the Moscow University. 1756–1763 - The Seven Years' War. 1757 - Foundation of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. 1761–1762 - The reign of Peter III. 1762 - "Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility." 1762–1796 - The reign of Catherine II. 1768–1774 - Russo-Turkish war. 1770 - The victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the battle of Chesme and the Russian ground forces over the Turkish army in the battles near the Larga and Cahul rivers. 1774 - The conclusion of the Kyuchuk of the Kainardzhy peace following the results of the Russian Turkish war. The Crimean Khanate passed under the protectorate of Russia. Russia received the territory of the Black Sea region between the Dnieper and the Southern Bug, the fortresses of Azov, Kerch, Kinburn, the right of free passage of Russian merchant ships through the Black Sea straits. 1772, 1793, 1795 - Partitions of Poland between Prussia, Austria and Russia. The territories of the Right-bank Ukraine, Belarus, part of the Baltic states and Poland were ceded to Russia. 1772–1839 – Life and work of M. M. Speransky. 1773–1775 - Peasant war led by Emelyan Pugachev. 1775 - Provincial reform in the Russian Empire. 1782 - Opening of the monument to Peter I "The Bronze Horseman" (E. Falcone). 1783 - The entry of Crimea into the Russian Empire. Georgievsky treatise. The transition of Eastern Georgia under the protectorate of Russia. 1785 - Publication of letters of commendation to the nobility and cities. 1787-1791 - Russian Turkish war. 1789 - Victory of the Russian troops under the command of A. V. Suvorov at Focsani and Rymnik. 1790 - The victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the battle of Cape Kaliakria. 1790 - The publication of the book by A. N. Radishchev "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow." 1790 - The capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail on the Danube by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov. 1791 - Conclusion of the Iasi peace following the results of the Russo-Turkish war. The accession to Russia of the Crimea and Kuban, the territory of the Black Sea region between the Southern Bug and the Dniester was confirmed. 1794 - Uprising in Poland led by Tadeusz Kosciuszko. 1796–1801 - The reign of Paul I. 1797 - Cancellation of the order of succession to the throne established by Peter I. Restoration of the order of succession to the throne by birthright in the male line. 1797 - Publication by Paul I of a manifesto on the three-day corvee. 1799 - Italian and Swiss campaigns of A. V. Suvorov.
Russia in the 19th century
1801-1825 - The reign of Alexander I. 1802 - Establishment of ministries instead of collegiums. 1803 - Decree on "free cultivators". 1803 - Adoption of the charter, which introduced the autonomy of universities. 1803–1804 - The first Russian round-the-world expedition led by I. F. Kruzenshtern and Yu. F. Lisyansky. 1804–1813 - Russian-Iranian war. It ended with the Peace of Gulistan. 1805–1807 – Participation of Russia in III and IV anti-Napoleonic coalitions. 1805 December. - The defeat of the Russian and Austrian troops in the battle of Austerlitz. 1806-1812 - Russo-Turkish war. 1807 - The defeat of the Russian army near Friedland. 1807 - Conclusion of the Treaty of Tilsit between Alexander I and Napoleon Bonaparte (Russia's accession to the continental blockade of England, Russia's consent to the creation of the vassal France of the Duchy of Warsaw). 1808–1809 - Russo-Swedish war. Accession of Finland to the Russian Empire. 1810 - Creation of the State Council on the initiative of M. M. Speransky. 1812, June–December. - Patriotic War with Napoleon. 1812 - Conclusion Bucharest peace after the Russo-Turkish War. 1812, 26 August. - Battle of Borodino. 1813–1814 - Foreign campaigns of the Russian army. 1813 - "Battle of the Nations" at Leipzig. 1813 - The conclusion of the Gulistan peace following the results of the Russian-Iranian war. 1814–1815 - Vienna Congress of European States. Solving the problems of the structure of Europe after the Napoleonic wars. Accession to Russia of the Duchy of Warsaw (Kingdom of Poland). 1815 - Creation of the "Holy Alliance". 1815 - Granting of the Constitution by Alexander I to the Kingdom of Poland. 1816 - The beginning of the mass creation of military settlements on the initiative of A. A. Arakcheev. 1816–1817 - Activities of the Union of Salvation. 1817–1864 - Caucasian war. 1818–1821 - Activities of the Union of Welfare. 1820 - Discovery of Antarctica by Russian navigators under the command of F. F. Bellingshausen and M. P. Lazarev. 1821–1822 - Formation of the Northern and Southern societies of the Decembrists. 1821–1881 - The life and work of F. M. Dostoevsky. 1825, December 14. - The uprising of the Decembrists on the Senate Square in St. Petersburg. December 29, 1825 - January 3, 1826. - The uprising of the Chernigov regiment. 1825–1855 – Reign of Nicholas I. 1826–1828 - Russian-Iranian war. 1828 - The conclusion of the Turkmenchay peace following the results of the Russian-Iranian war. The death of A. S. Griboyedov. 1828–1829 - Russo-Turkish war. 1829 - The conclusion of the Adrianople peace following the results of the Russian-Turkish war. 1831–1839 - The activities of the circle of N. V. Stankevich. 1837 - Opening of the first railway St. Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo. 1837–1841 - Carrying out by P.D. Kiselev of the reform of the management of state peasants. 1840s–1850s — Disputes between Slavophiles and Westernizers. 1839–1843 - Monetary reform of E. F. Kankrin. 1840–1893 – Life and work of P. I. Tchaikovsky. 1844–1849 - The activities of the circle of M. V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky. 1851 - Opening of the railway Moscow - St. Petersburg. 1853–1856 - Crimean War. 1853 November - Battle of Sinop. 1855–1881 - The reign of Alexander II. 1856 - Paris Congress. 1856 - Founding by P. M. Tretyakov of the collection of Russian art in Moscow. 1858, 1860 – Aigun and Beijing treaties with China. 1861 February 19 - The abolition of serfdom in Russia. 1861–1864 - The activities of the organization "Earth and Freedom". 1862 - Formation of the "Mighty Handful" - an association of composers (M. A. Balakirev, Ts. A. Cui, M. P. Mussorgsky, N. A. Rimsky Korsakov, A. P. Borodin). 1864 - Zemstvo, judicial and school reforms. 1864–1885 - Accession of Central Asia to the Russian Empire. 1867 Sale of Alaska to the USA. 1869 - Discovery of the Periodic Law of Chemical Elements by D. I. Mendeleev. 1870 - Reform of city government. 1870–1923 – Activities of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions. 1873 - Creation of the "Union of the Three Emperors". 1874 - Carrying out military reform - the introduction of universal military duty. 1874, 1876 - Implementation of populists "going to the people." 1876–1879 – Activities of the new organization “Land and Freedom”. 1877–1878 - Russo-Turkish war. 1878 - Treaty of San Stefano. 1878 - Congress of Berlin. 1879 - The split of the organization "Land and Freedom". The emergence of the organizations "Narodnaya Volya" and "Black Redistribution". 1879–1881 - The activities of the organization "Narodnaya Volya". 1879–1882 - Establishment of the Triple Alliance. March 1, 1881 - Assassination of Alexander II by Narodnaya Volya. 1881–1894 - The reign of Alexander III. 1882 - Cancellation of the temporarily obligated position of the peasants. Transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption. 1883–1903 - Activities of the Emancipation of Labor group. 1885 - A strike at the Nikolskaya manufactory of T. S. Morozov in Orekhovo Zuev (Morozov strike). 1887 - Adoption of the circular "on cook's children". 1889 - Adoption of the "Regulations on Zemstvo Chiefs". 1891–1893 - Registration of the Franco-Russian Union. 1891–1905 - Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. 1892 - Transfer by P. M. Tretyakov of his collection of Russian art as a gift to the city of Moscow. 1894–1917 - The reign of Nicholas II. 1895 - Invention by A. S. Popov of radio communication. 1895 - Creation of the "Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class". 1897 - The first general census of the population of Russia. 1897 - Monetary reform S. Yu. Witte. 1898 - I Congress of the RSDLP. 1899 - The Hague Peace Conference of 26 powers on the problems of disarmament, convened at the initiative of Russia.
Russia in the 20th century
1901–1902 - The creation of the party of socialist revolutionaries (SRs) as a result of the unification of neo-populist circles. 1903 - II Congress of the RSDLP. Creation of a party. 1903 - Creation of the "Union of Zemstvo Constitutionalists". 1904–1905 - Russo-Japanese War. 1904, August. - The battle near the city of Liaoyang. 1904, September. - Battle on the Shahe River. January 9, 1905 - Bloody Sunday. Beginning of the first Russian revolution. 1905–1907 - The first Russian revolution. February 1905 - The defeat of the Russian army near the city of Mukden. May 1905 - The death of the Russian fleet near the island of Tsushima. 1905, June. - Uprising on the battleship "Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky". 1905, August. - The conclusion of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty following the results of the Russo-Japanese War. Russia ceded to Japan the southern part of Sakhalin, lease rights to the Liaodong Peninsula and the South Manchurian Railway. 1905 October 17 – Publication of the Manifesto “On the improvement of the state order”. 1905 November - Creation of the "Union of the Russian people". 1905 December. - Armed uprising in Moscow and a number of other cities. 1906 April–July - Activities of the First State Duma. November 9, 1906 - Decree on the withdrawal of peasants from the community. The beginning of the Stolypin agrarian reform. 1907 February–June - Activities of the II State Duma. June 3, 1907 - Dissolution of the II State Duma. Adoption of a new electoral law (June 3 coup). 1907–1912 - Activities of the III State Duma. 1907, August - Russian-English agreement on the delimitation of zones of influence in Iran, Afghanistan and Tibet. The final formalization of the Entente alliance. 1912 - Lena execution. 1912–1917 - Activities of the IV State Duma. 1914, August 1 - 1918, November 9. - World War I. 1915, August. – Creation of the Progressive block. May 1916 - Brusilovsky breakthrough. February 1917 - February bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia. March 2, 1917 - Abdication of Nicholas II from the throne. Formation of the Provisional Government. May 1917 - Formation of the 1st coalition Provisional Government. 1917, June. - Activities of the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. 1917, July. - Formation of the 2nd coalition Provisional Government. 1917, August. - Kornilov rebellion. 1917, September 1st. - Proclamation of Russia as a republic. 1917 October 24–26 - Armed uprising in Petrograd. The overthrow of the Provisional Government. II All-Russian Congress of Soviets (Proclamation of Russia as a Republic of Soviets.). The adoption of decrees on peace and land. 1918, January. - Convocation and dissolution of the Constituent Assembly. March 3, 1918 - The conclusion of the Brest peace between Soviet Russia and Germany. Russia lost Poland, Lithuania, part of Latvia, Finland, Ukraine, part of Belarus, Kars, Ardagan and Batum. The agreement was canceled in November 1918 after the revolution in Germany. 1918–1920 - Civil war in Russia. 1918 - Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR. 1918–1921 March - The Soviet government's policy of "war communism". July 1918 - Execution royal family In Ekaterinburg. 1920–1921 - Anti-Bolshevik uprisings of peasants in the Tambov and Voronezh regions ("Antonovshchina"), Ukraine, the Volga region, Western Siberia. 1921, March - The conclusion of the Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland. The territories of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus departed to Poland. 1921 February–March - The uprising of sailors and soldiers in Kronstadt against the policy of "war communism". March 1921 - X Congress of the RCP (b). Transition to NEP. 1922 - Genoa Conference. December 30, 1922 - Formation of the USSR. 1924 - Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR. 1925, December - XIV Congress of the CPSU (b). Proclamation of a course for the industrialization of the country. Defeat of the "Trotskyist-Zinoviev Opposition". 1927, December - XV Congress of the CPSU (b). Proclamation of a course towards the collectivization of agriculture. 1928–1932 - The first five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR. 1929 - Beginning of complete collectivization. 1930 - Completion of the construction of Turksib. 1933–1937 - The second five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR. 1934 - Admission of the USSR to the League of Nations. 1934, December 1st. - The murder of S. M. Kirov. The beginning of mass repressions. 1936 - Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR ("victorious socialism"). 1939, 23 August. - Signing a non-aggression pact with Germany. 1939, September 1 - 1945, September 2. - The Second World War. 1939, November - 1940, March. - Soviet-Finnish war. 1941, June 22 - 1945, May 9. - The Great Patriotic War. 1941 July–September - Battle of Smolensk. 1941, December 5-6 - The counteroffensive of the Red Army near Moscow. November 19, 1942 - February 2, 1943. - The counteroffensive of the Red Army near Stalingrad. The beginning of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War. 1943, July - August. - Battle of Kursk. 1943, September - December. - The battle for the Dnieper. Liberation of Kiev. Completion of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War. 1943, November 28 - December 1. - Tehran Conference of the Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain. 1944, January. - The final liquidation of the blockade of Leningrad. 1944 January–February - Korsun Shevchenko operation. 1944, June - August - Operation for the liberation of Belarus ("Bagration"). 1944, July - August - Lvov-Sandomierz operation. 1944, August - Iasi Chisinau operation. 1945, January - February - Vistula-Oder operation. 1945, February 4-11 - Crimean (Yalta) Conference of the Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain. 1945, April - May - Berlin operation. April 25, 1945 - Meeting on the river. Elbe near Torgau advanced Soviet and American troops. May 8, 1945 - The surrender of Germany. 1945, July 17 - August 2 - Berlin (Potsdam) conference of the heads of government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain. 1945, August - September - The defeat of Japan. The signing of the act of unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces. End of World War II. 1946 - Beginning of the Cold War. 1948 - Severance of diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia. 1949 - The beginning of the campaign against "cosmopolitanism". 1949 - Establishment of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA). 1949 - Creation of nuclear weapons in the USSR. March 5, 1953 - Death of J.S. Stalin. 1953, August. - Report on the testing of a hydrogen bomb in the USSR. 1953, September - 1964, October. - The election of N. S. Khrushchev as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. He was removed from his posts in October 1964. 1954 - The Obninsk NPP was put into operation. 1955 - Formation of the Warsaw Pact Organization (OVD). February 1956 - XX Congress of the CPSU. Report by N. S. Khrushchev "On the cult of personality and its consequences." 1956 October–November - Uprising in Hungary; crushed by Soviet troops. October 4, 1957 - The launch in the USSR of the world's first artificial Earth satellite. April 12, 1961 - Yu. A. Gagarin's flight into space. 1961, October. - XXII Congress of the CPSU. Adoption new Program parties - programs for building communism. 1962 - Caribbean crisis. 1962, June. – Strike at the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant; shooting demonstration of workers. 1963, August. - The signing in Moscow of an agreement between the USSR, the USA and England on the prohibition of nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, under water and outer space. 1965 - The beginning of the economic reform of A.N. Kosygin. 1968 - Entering the troops of the countries participating in the Warsaw Pact in Czechoslovakia. May 1972 – Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 1) between the USSR and the USA. 1975 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki). 1979 - Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 2) between the USSR and the USA. 1979–1989 – “Undeclared war” in Afghanistan. 1980, July - August. - Olympic Games in Moscow. March 1985 - Election of MS Gorbachev as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. April 26, 1986 - The Chernobyl accident. 1987 - The conclusion between the USSR and the USA of an agreement on the elimination of intermediate and shorter range missiles. 1988 - XIX Party Conference. Proclamation of a course for the reform of the political system. 1989, May - June. - First Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. March 1990 - Election at the Third Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR MS Gorbachev President of the USSR. Exception from the Constitution of the 6th article. June 12, 1990 - The Declaration on State Sovereignty of the RSFSR was adopted. June 12, 1991 - Election of Boris N. Yeltsin as President of the RSFSR. July 1991 – Signing of the treaty between the USSR and the USA on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms (START 1). 1991, August 19–21 - Attempted coup d'état (GKChP). December 8, 1991 - Belovezhskaya agreement on the dissolution of the USSR and the creation of the CIS. December 25, 1991 - Addition of MS Gorbachev powers of the President of the USSR. 1992 - The beginning of the radical economic reform of E. T. Gaidar. 1993, January. – Signing of the treaty between Russia and the United States on the reduction of strategic offensive arms (START 2). 1993 October 3–4 - Armed clashes between supporters of the Supreme Council and government troops in Moscow. December 12, 1993 - Elections to the Federal Assembly - the State Duma and the Federation Council and a referendum on the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation. 1994 - Accession of the Russian Federation to the NATO program "Partnership for Peace". 1994, December. - The beginning of large-scale actions against Chechen separatists. 1996 - Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. July 1996 - Election of Boris N. Yeltsin as President of the Russian Federation (for a second term). 1997 - Creation of the state TV channel "Culture" on the initiative of D.S. Likhachev. 1998, August. – Financial crisis in Russia (default). 1999, September. - The beginning of the anti-terrorist operation in Chechnya. March 2000 - Election of VV Putin as President of the Russian Federation. 2000 - Awarding the Nobel Prize in Physics to Zh. I. Alferov for fundamental research in the field of information and telecommunication technologies. 2002 - Treaty between Russia and the United States on the mutual reduction of nuclear warheads. 2003 – Award of the Nobel Prize in Physics to A. A. Abrikosov and V. L. Ginzburg for their work in the field of quantum physics, in particular for studies of superconductivity and superfluidity. March 2004 - Election of V.V. Putin as President of the Russian Federation (for a second term). 2005 - Creation of the Public Chamber. 2006 - Launch of the program of national projects in the field Agriculture, housing, health and education. March 2008 - Election of D. A. Medvedev as President of the Russian Federation. 2008, August - The invasion of Georgian troops into South Ossetia. Conducting an operation by the Russian army to force Georgia to peace. Russia's recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. 2008, November - Adoption of a law on increasing the term of office of the State Duma and the President of the Russian Federation (5 and 6 years, respectively).
1097 - The first congress of princes in Lyubech
1147 - The first annalistic mention of Moscow
1188 - Approximate date of appearance " Words about Igor's regiment »
1206 - Proclamation of Temujin the "Great Khan" of the Mongols and the adoption of the name of Genghis Khan by him
1237-1238 - The invasion of Khan Batu in North-Eastern Russia
1240 July 15 - Victory of the Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich above Swedish knights on the river Neva
1327 - uprising against the Mongol-Tatars in Tver
1382 - Khan Tokhtamysh's campaign against Moscow
1471 - Ivan III's campaign against Novgorod. Battle on the river Sheloni
1480 - "Standing" on the river. Acne. The end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke.
1510 - Annexation of Pskov to Moscow
1565-1572 — Oprichnina
1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Moscow
1606 - Uprising in Moscow and the murder of False Dmitry I
1607 - The beginning of the intervention of False Dmitry II
1609-1618 – Open Polish-Swedish intervention
1611 September-October - Creation of the militia under the leadership of Minin and Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod
1648 - Uprising in Moscow - " salt riot »
1649 - "Cathedral Code" of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich
1649-1652 - Campaigns of Yerofei Khabarov to the Daurian land along the Amur
1652 - Nikon's consecration to the patriarchs
1670-1671 - Peasants' war led by S. Razina
1682 - Abolition of parochialism
1695-1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I
1812 - Invasion " great army» Napoleon in Russia. Patriotic War
1814 September 19 -1815 May 28 - Congress of Vienna
1839-1843 - Monetary reform of Count E. f. Kancrina
1865 - Military judicial reform
Spring 1874 - The first mass "going to the people" of revolutionary populists
1875 April 25 - Petersburg Treaty of Russia with Japan (about South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
1881 March 1 - The murder of Alexander II by revolutionary populists
November 9, 1906 - Beginning of the agrarian reforms P.A. Stolypin
1930 - Beginning of complete collectivization
November 30, 1939 - March 12, 1940 - Soviet-Finnish War
June 22, 1941 - Nazi Germany and its allies attack the USSR. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War
1945 May 8 - Act of unconditional surrender of Germany. Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War
1975 July 30 - August 1 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki). Signing of the Final Act by 33 European countries, the USA and Canada
1990 May 16-June 12 - Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR. Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia
1991 December 8 - Signing in Minsk by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus of the agreement on the "Commonwealth of Independent States" and the dissolution of the USSR
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