What is the difference between male and female sea buckthorn. The difference between male and female sea buckthorn

04.03.2020

Sea buckthorn fruits are of great value compared to other berry crops. They are rich in vitamins, carotene, trace elements, sugars and organic acids necessary for the normal functioning of the body. Many gardeners want to have such a shrub on their personal plot. Unfortunately, it often happens that, having acquired a plant and given it the right care, the gardener does not receive fruit. The fact is that plants are divided into male and female. How to distinguish female sea buckthorn from male? Is it necessary to have both shrubs on the site for a guaranteed harvest?

How to distinguish?

How to distinguish female sea buckthorn from male? You can determine this by the following features:

Shrub bud shape. On female plants, they are located singly with a small distance from each other; on the male tree, they are collected in some inflorescences of several pieces that look like cones. Unfortunately, this difference is imperceptible on plants that have not reached the age of 3-4 years.
Female flowers have a yellow tint and are collected in inflorescences, male flowers are greenish-silver.
In late spring, when the leaves have already grown to their final size, on female shrubs their shade is greener. Male plants have a bluish bloom on the foliage.
The shape of the leaves in male trees is flat, in female trees it resembles a bowl in shape.

When buying shrub seedlings, you need to know how to distinguish female from male sea buckthorn, but on young plants it is almost impossible to determine gender, you have to rely on the words of the seller. Therefore, it is recommended to purchase adult plants that are 3 years old. How to distinguish male from female sea buckthorn, the photo will show clearly.

The nuances of growing

The shrub is dioecious, meaning that the female plant must be pollinated by the male plant in order to bear fruit. That is why it is important to know how to distinguish female from male sea buckthorn when buying seedlings.

Occurs through the work of insects and wind. One male plant is able to pollinate five female plants at a distance of 10 meters from him. Of course, a female sea buckthorn shrub can be pollinated, located at a distance of up to 50 meters from the male one, however, for a better result, the plants are planted nearby.

Where to plant sea buckthorn in the country

After we learned how to distinguish a male sea buckthorn tree from a female, it's worth thinking about the right place to plant. The shrub is quite photophilous, so it is important to place it on a site with sufficient lighting, avoiding close proximity to tall trees with a spreading crown.

The soil for planting shrubs should be fertile, nutritious, loose, with a neutral ph. In swampy and waterlogged soils, the tree will not bear fruit, in addition, there is a high probability of its death.

When watering and fertilizing, one should take into account the fact that the root system is located superficially and has a diameter that is 2 times the height of the crown. The plant responds positively to the introduction of phosphorus and loosening the soil.

Choosing the right shrub variety

From right choice The variety of a tree depends on its fruiting. Since it is desirable to select one variety of sea buckthorn for successful pollination, it is important to understand how to distinguish a male plant from a female one. Shrub variety must be suitable for climatic conditions region, as well as under the characteristics of the soil.

For temperate climate ideal shrubs with small growth (up to 2 meters), weak prickly, high yield, large-fruited. According to these parameters, varieties such as Orange, Excellent, Chuiskaya, Amber, Moscow Beauty, Gift to the Garden are most suitable.

Planting and caring for plants

Before planting sea buckthorn, you need to know how to distinguish female and male bushes so as not to accidentally plant two same-sex bushes, because in this case there will be no harvest.

How sea buckthorn is planted:

For planting, dig a hole about 50 cm deep and 50 cm wide.
The soil from the pit is combined with fertilizers - compost, potassium phosphate and superphosphate.
Part of the nutrient soil falls asleep at the bottom of the pit.
The seedling is fixed in a vertical position and covered with the remnants of the soil. The root neck should be deepened by 5 cm.
A newly planted plant is watered with a bucket of water, to which 1 cup of dolomite flour was added per 10 liters of liquid.

At proper fit plants should be located at a distance of 2 meters from each other due to the developed root system.

Sea buckthorn care consists of regular watering, loosening the soil, fertilizing and removing weeds around the bush. In hot weather, watering should be especially plentiful and preferably carried out by sprinkling. Formative pruning is required periodically.

There are no particular difficulties in growing sea buckthorn; for a bountiful harvest, you only need to correctly select and plant heterosexual plants.

The uniqueness of this shrub lies in the fact that, due to the biochemical components contained in it, sea buckthorn replaces several other plants rich in useful substances. A couple of decades ago, sea buckthorn oil was a scarce commodity, since this shrub grew in mountainous regions and was difficult for many people to access. But thanks to the perseverance of gardeners, sea buckthorn has firmly taken its rightful place.

Description

In 18 st. this shrub was described by botanists studying the territory of Eastern Siberia. But many believe that it appeared on the territory of Russia much earlier. In ancient times, its fruits in Tibet and Mongolia were used for medical purposes, and ancient Greek and Chinese ancient documentary sources indicate that these countries are the birthplace of the shrub.

According to the size and mass of berries, the following groups of varieties are distinguished:

“small”, berry weight 0.4–0.5 g: Mikhalevskaya sweet, Miracle, Fragrant, Bogatyrskaya, Vladimirka, etc .;
“medium”, berry weight 0.6–0.7 g: Vitaminnaya, Nugget, Altai News, etc. This group also includes the Otradnaya variety. It is of medium ripening, vigorous, pyramidal, characterized by resistance to frost, diseases and pests. Shoots are dark green, straight and thick, with thorns. The berries are round, pear-shaped, red-orange. The skin is of medium thickness. The length of the stem is 6.5 mm. The berries are slightly sour, the yield is 155 q/ha;
"large", the weight of their berries is more than 0.8 g: Golden, Excellent, Giant, etc.

Everyone knows the healing properties of this plant, its berries contain many vitamins, oils and acids, as well as other useful substances. Since ancient times, healers have been treating burns and wounds of warriors with a miraculous ointment made from the fruits of this shrub. Sea buckthorn tinctures had a tonic and analgesic effect, helped the body cope with colds and skin diseases, sea buckthorn oil was used in the treatment of rheumatism. Nowadays, sea buckthorn extract is part of many medical preparations.

It is believed that this shrub is endowed strong defense from otherworldly energy, contributes to the dissipation of the destructive influence of geopathic zones.

It is best to place it at the entrance to the courtyard or on the north side. If you are visited by a person with negative energy, throw some sea buckthorn berries after him. So you protect your family and yourself from destructive energy.

According to one of the ancient Greek legends, the leaves and shoots of this shrub were fed to horses to improve their condition, strength and appearance. They were also Pegasus' favorite food.

How to distinguish a male tree from a female

Particular attention should be paid to the issue of gender differences. If the shrub blooms, but does not bear fruit, then this is a male specimen. It produces the pollen necessary for setting berries, which is carried by the wind to the female bush. In late autumn or spring, the buds of the female bush are 2-3 times smaller than the buds of the male and form no more than 2 covering scales.

In order for the pollination process to take place and fruits to set, it is necessary to plant one male plant on 2-3 female plants from the side of the main wind currents.

Landing and care

Although the shrub loves moisture and light, you should not plant it on soils with high level occurrence ground water, as well as on soils that are characterized by an acidic reaction. Before planting, you need to dig a hole 50 cm deep and 60 cm wide. Drainage crust of crushed stone (10 cm) is poured into its bottom, 30 g of potassium chloride and 180 g of superphosphate are added to the prepared soil. A plant is placed in a hole, covered with earth, gently straightening the roots. Then the planted plant is well watered, peat (sand) is added. Once every 3 years, these same fertilizers must be applied to the soil to support the growth and development of the bush.

For a good vegetation of the plant, the soil must be in a moist state. Drying out of the soil is not permissible, the root system reacts painfully to this. The leaves lose color and elasticity, fall off, the ovary ceases to develop and falls off. Watering is carried out as needed. For 1 m2 of a near-stem circle, 4 buckets of water will be needed for a young bush, and 7 buckets for a fruit-bearing one. The shrub tolerates temperatures well from -40 ˚С to +40 ˚С.

The best way to plant and transplant plants in early spring. If the seedling has been growing in a container for more than a year, it can be transplanted into the soil at any time, since the root system will not be injured. But best of all in the spring - the plant will build up a powerful root system before winter and will tolerate low temperatures well.

Cut types:

forming - allows you to form a compact crown of the correct shape, setting it at an early stage of development. It is necessary to remove excess shoots damaged by pests and diseases;
rejuvenating - helps to restore fruiting, increases productivity. In the spring, three-year-old branches and young shoots are left, and the older ones are pruned;
regulating - helps to maintain the created form, its clarification and thinning;
restorative - restores a damaged or neglected crown;
sanitary - carried out with a preventive purpose against pests and diseases.

The shrub winters well, especially zoned varieties. Before wintering, the soil can be mulched. In the first year of life, bushes planted in autumn are wrapped up.

Diseases and pests: methods of treatment

Sea buckthorn suffers from diseases and pests. Shrub pests:

green sea buckthorn aphid - located on the leaves, sucks the juice out of them, causing significant damage. It is necessary to carry out spraying with tobacco infusion (200 g per 5 liters of boiling water for a day insist, then add laundry soap), dandelion (200 g per 5 liters of boiling water), onion peel (100 g per 5 liters of boiling water insist 5 days);
sea buckthorn fly is a very dangerous pest that can destroy the entire crop. When larvae are found in berries, it is necessary to treat the bush with a solution of karbofos (30 g per 10 l of water).

Major diseases:

scab - the berries become hard, acquire an unpleasant taste;
fruit endomycosis - the berries lose their color, decompose.

Damaged berries and branches are cut and burned, in the spring the bush is treated with a 3% solution of nitrafen.

reproduction

The plant is propagated by formed shoots, as well as by young and adult cuttings, which are harvested in early spring or late autumn. The coppice seedling, which was separated from the root system in the spring, is spudded and watered well. After the formation of independent roots (in autumn), it is marked, indicating gender, and removed from the ground, then planted in a prepared place. Root offspring of grafted bushes are male.

For propagation by cuttings at the end of autumn, healthy, 6 mm thick, annual shoots of a 5-6 year old shrub are chosen. They are cut and stored in a cellar at 0˚С. In the spring, the remaining tops are cut off and cuttings 20 cm long are obtained, which are placed in water for 3 days at room temperature. Then they are planted on a bed at a distance of 10 cm from one another, 2-3 buds should remain above the surface, after which they are watered and fertilized. By the beginning of autumn, plants ready for transplanting grow from them.

How to quickly pick berries

Until recently, the collection of fruits was one of the main problems of summer residents, but it was solved after the breeding of new varieties. For example, varieties Dar Katun and Chuiskaya are characterized by enlarged stalks, which greatly facilitates their collection. It must be remembered that you need to pick berries very carefully so as not to damage the fruits, leaves and branches.

You can make a device called a "cobra". They take a thin steel wire (you can take an “invisible” hairpin), bend it in a loop-like manner from one end (in the form of a baby pacifier), and make a handle from the other end. Sea buckthorn berries are passed through a loop and pulled, they themselves fall into a collection container, and the tedious task becomes more interesting and reckless.

This unique plant is a valuable food product and a healing agent that can be used to treat everything from skin burns to heart disease. Nature has created this gift for us, which brings joy with its taste and heals our body.

Sea buckthorn - popular and common plant, with staminate (male) and unisexual pistillate (female) flowers. Berry crops are grown in many regions of our country, usually not only female flowers, but also male, an approximate ratio of 3: 1 - this allows for fruiting and pollination.

How to distinguish sea buckthorn male from female?

Before harvesting, it is not difficult to distinguish sea buckthorn, but how to distinguish female from male sea buckthorn before buying and planting a tree? You need to know these ways to distinguish a plant:

By type of kidney. The plant dissolves fruit-growth and growth buds. Growth buds, from which leaves and young shoots ripen, are the same for male and female seedlings. The fruit-growing plants of the male culture are quite large, they look like cedar cones through their scaly structure, so it is difficult to confuse them with the female culture.
By leaf blade. The male plant has a slightly turned-out flat leaf. The female plant has concave leaves that look like a bowl in section.
Plaque density. Male leaves are usually covered with a grayish bloom, while female leaves are greener. But do not use this sign in the spring, as the leaves have not yet fully blossomed.

Other main differences between female and male sea buckthorn:

The plaque on the leaves of the male plant is slightly larger than on the female.
Seedlings of male culture are larger than female ones.
On the male plant, the buds are much larger and they are triple, the female plant has smaller and double buds.
The leaves of the male culture are gray, and the female ones are green.
The leaf blade of the male plant is bent from the center and looks like a seagull in flight, and the female plant is bent from the edges and looks like a bowl.

How to care for sea buckthorn?

The plant requires little attention, as it is quite resistant to adverse external influences. You only need to carry out such plant care:

In the first period of spring, it is necessary to prune the crown (remove frostbitten, dried or thickening branches).
In the last period of May, sea buckthorn plantations should be sprayed with a solution of karbofos (20-25 g per 10 liters of water).
In the first half of July, for preventive purposes, the plant is sprayed with 0.2-0.3% chlorophos.
1-2 times a year, in spring and autumn, water-charging irrigation can be carried out with further loosening of the soil.
To feed sea buckthorn plants, organic matter is used in the form of manure, mineral complex fertilizers or bird droppings.

If the planting was done correctly, and the care of the sea buckthorn tree was good enough, then the berry crop can bear fruit every year for up to 35-40 years.

Male and female sea buckthorn plants - video

Sea buckthorn is a lot of vitamins and a unique combination of trace elements, almost a complete natural pharmacy that allows you to recover from various diseases. It is used fresh, in the form of jams, decoctions, oils, bases for various medicines. This plant tend to grow in their gardens amateurs and professionals. But if the latter have long understood for themselves all the features of this plant, then the former are still only learning to distinguish male sea buckthorn from female.

Definition

Sea buckthorn male- sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant. And this means that in one case only female flowers will be present, which will subsequently bear fruit, in the other - only male ones, whose task is to produce the necessary pollen. Male sea buckthorn does not produce fruits, but is essential for the reproduction of berries. If the whole garden is planted with only female plants, it will be of no use to anyone, because in this same-sex society there will be no pollination and no fruit. But I would like to, and this is precisely why there is a male plant (pollinator tree), which is planted approximately in the ratio of one "man" to 6-8 "women".

Sea buckthorn female- pollinated by a male tree and bears fruit in abundance. Female sea buckthorn is very similar to male, especially at an early age, it can only be distinguished within 1–2 years before the start of the growing season.

We are trying to determine the sex of sea buckthorn.

Ways to distinguish

In the first year of life, kidneys are taken for comparison. On female plants they are small and double, while on male plants they are noticeably larger and sometimes triple. In addition, at an early age, male seedlings are noticeably larger, and female seedlings are lower on average.

You can consider the leaf blade of the male and female plants. In the first case, we see an almost flat and slightly turned out shape from the central vein. If you look at the cross section, it resembles a seagull with outstretched wings. The female leaf is concave at the edges, and the cross section resembles a trough, a boat or a bowl.

In addition, it is worth paying attention to the density of plaque. Male leaves are more bluish, while female ones are green.

Sea buckthorn male plant sea buckthorn female plant

Findings site

The buds on the male plant are larger and they are triple, and on the female plant they are smaller and double.
Seedlings of the male plant are larger than the female ones.
The leaf blade of the female plant is bent at the edges and resembles a bowl, while the male is bent from the center and resembles a seagull.
The plaque on the leaves of the male plant is greater than on the female.
The leaves of the male sea buckthorn are more bluish, while the female leaves are greenish.

Those who decide to plant sea buckthorn on their site should take into account that this culture is dioecious, there are male and female individuals.

Without their mutual neighborhood, fertilization will not occur, and, consequently, there will be no harvest.

One male sea buckthorn plant is planted in company with 4-5 female plants at a distance of 2.5 m from them. But this is not done thoughtlessly - you need to know the climatic features of your region.

It is even easier with flowers - here, due to the lack of petals, “sexual characteristics” are more clearly visible.

Female flowers of a yellowish color are collected in bunches (from 3 to 11 pieces in each sinus). Outwardly, they consist of a cup-shaped simple perianth with one pistil.

Male flowers are painted in a dirty green with a silvery sheen and are collected in small spikes. Here is already a calyx perianth bilobed. On him 4 stamens are located.

During the flowering period, they begin to scatter pollen quite strongly, which the wind carries around the neighborhood for decent distances.

So, knowing the biological characteristics of the plant, it will not be difficult to distinguish male sea buckthorn from female, and breed a “polygamous family” of this culture on their site, which, with good care will yield a great harvest.