Verb- This independent part speech that answers the questions what to do?, what to do? (be, learn, dream, go…)
According to the method of formation of the forms of the past tense (V2) and the past participle (V3), all English verbs are divided into 2 groups: regular (Regular Verbs) and irregular verbs (Irregular verbs).
The English verb has three forms. The verb forms are denoted by Roman numerals I, II, III.
I form(or an infinitive without to), for example: to make (to do) - make - the first, or main form that answers the question what to do ?, what to do? With the help of the first form of the verb, the simple present tense is formed ( present simple Tense). When forming Present Simple Tense, the ending is added to the I form of the verb in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it - he, she, it) -s or -es(he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes, he cries, she cries, it cries, he does, she does, it does) . With the rest of the pronouns (I, we, you, you, they - I, we, you, you, they), the I form of the verb is used unchanged.
II form serves to form the simple past tense (Past Simple Tense). When forming the simple past tense, both regular and irregular verbs are used. Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem –ed(jump - jumped - jump - jumped) . If the verb is not correct, then its past tense form corresponds to the second column in the table regular verbs(be - was / were, do - did, make - made).
III form- Participle II (Participle II) - a special form of the verb that denotes a sign of an object by action and answers the questions of an adjective (lost, baked, made). For regular verbs III, the form coincides with II: jump (I) - jumped (II) - jumped (III) (jump - jumped - jumped). II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed different ways below.
Regular verbs
Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding the suffix form I to the stem – ed (- d), which is pronounced like:
- [ d] after vowels and voiced consonants: to clean (clean) - cleaned (cleaned); to play (play) - played (played);
- [ t] after the deaf: to work (work) - worked (worked), to look (watch) - looked (looked);
- after [d] and [t]: to want (want) - wanted (wanted), to mend (repair) - mended (repaired).
When forming II and III forms of verbs, pay attention to the following spelling rules:
- If the I form is a short root syllable and ends with one consonant, then when adding the ending –ed the last vowel of the root is doubled: to stop (stop) - sto pped(has stopped).
- -y, preceded by a consonant, the letter y changes to i: to carry (carry) - carried (carried), to study (learn) - studied (studied). But if the stem of the verb ends in -y, which is preceded by a vowel, then the stem of the verb is simply added - ed: to play (play) - played (played), to stay (stay) - stayed (stayed).
- If the stem of the verb ends in -e, which is not pronounced, then the II and III forms of the verb are formed by adding the ending - d: to arrive (arrive) - arrived (arrived).
Irregular Verbs
Irregular Verbs- these are verbs that have special, fixed forms of the past tense and participles, their forms do not have a clear education algorithm and are learned by memorizing: to make (to do) - made (done) - made (done). Most English irregular verbs are native English, derived from verbs that existed in ancient times. English language. Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of historical systems of conjugation (changing the verb by person - I'm coming, you're coming, he's coming...).
Irregular verbs are used to form the past simple (Past Simple), present perfect (Present Simple), past perfect tenses ( past perfect), in the passive voice (Passive voice), when converting direct speech into indirect (Reported speech), in conditional sentences(Conditional sentences).
table of irregular verbs
Infinitive | past tense | Past Participle | Translation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
arise | [ə"raiz] | arose | [ə"rəuz] | arisen | [ə"riz(ə)n] | arise, appear |
wake up | [ə"weik] | awoke | [ə"wəuk] | awoken | [ə"wəukən] | wake up, wake up |
be | was, were | , | been | be | ||
bear | bore | born | give birth, bring | |||
beat | beat | beaten | ["bi:tn] | beat | ||
become | became | become | become | |||
begin | started | begun | start off) | |||
bend | bent | bent | bend, bend | |||
bind | bound | bound | bind | |||
bite | bit | bitten | ["bɪtn] | bite) | ||
bleed | bled | bled | bleed | |||
blow | blew | blown | blow | |||
break | broke | broken | ["broukən] | break) | ||
breed | bred | bred | bring up | |||
bring | brought | brought | bring | |||
build | built | built | build | |||
burn | burnt | burnt | burn, burn | |||
burst | burst | burst | explode, explode | |||
buy | bought | bought | buy | |||
cast | cast | cast | throw, pour (metal) | |||
catch | caught | caught | catch, seize | |||
choose | chose | chosen | ["tʃouzən] | choose, pick | ||
come | came | come | to come | |||
cost | cost | cost | cost | |||
cut | cut | cut | cut | |||
dig | arc | arc | dig, dig | |||
do | did | done | make | |||
draw | drew | drawn | draw, draw | |||
dream | dream | dream | dream, dream | |||
drink | drank | drunk | drink | |||
drive | drove | driven | ["drɪvən] | drive | ||
eat | ate | eaten | ["i:tn] | there is | ||
fall | fell | fallen | ["fɔ:lən] | fall | ||
feed | fed | fed | feed | |||
feel | felt | felt | feel | |||
fight | fought | fought | fight | |||
find | found | found | find | |||
fit | fit | fit | fit in size | |||
fly | flew | flown | fly | |||
forget | forgot | forgotten | forget | |||
forgive | forgave | forgiven | forgive | |||
freeze | frozen | frozen | ["frouzən] | freeze | ||
get | got | got | receive | |||
give | gave | given | ["gɪvən] | give | ||
go | went | gone | go, walk | |||
grow | grew | grown | grow | |||
hang | hung | hung | hang, hang | |||
have | had | had | have | |||
hear | heard | heard | hear | |||
hide | hidden | hidden | ["hɪdn] | hide | ||
hit | hit | hit | hit the mark | |||
hold | held | held | Keep | |||
hurt | hurt | hurt | hurt, bruise | |||
keep | kept | kept | keep, save | |||
kneel | knelt | knelt | kneel | |||
knit | knit | knit | knit (knitting needles) | |||
know | knew | known | know | |||
lay | laid | laid | put | |||
lead | led | led | lead, lead | |||
lean | lean | lean | tilt | |||
learn | learned | learned | learn | |||
leave | left | left | leave, leave | |||
lend | lent | lent | borrow, borrow | |||
let | let | let | let | |||
lie | lay | lain | lie | |||
light | lit | lit | illuminate, ignite | |||
lose | lost | lost | lose | |||
make | made | made | make | |||
mean | meant | meant | to mean | |||
meet | met | met | meet | |||
mistake | mistook | mistaken | make mistakes | |||
pay | paid | paid | to pay | |||
put | put | put | put, put | |||
read | read | read | read | |||
ride | rode | ridden | ["rɪdn] | ride | ||
ring | rank | rung | call, call | |||
rise | rose | rising | ["rɪzən] | get up | ||
run | ran | run | run away | |||
say | said | said | speak | |||
see | saw | seen | see | |||
seek | sought | sought | search | |||
sell | sold | sold | sell | |||
send | sent | sent | send | |||
set | set | set | put, put | |||
shake | [ʃeɪk] | shook | [ʃʊk] | shaken | ["ʃeɪkən] | shake |
shine | [ʃaɪn] | shone | [ʃoun, ʃɒn] | shone | [ʃoun, ʃɒn] | to shine, shine, shine |
shoot | [ʃu:t] | shot | [ʃɒt] | shot | [ʃɒt] | fire |
show | [ʃou] | showed | [ʃoud] | shown | [ʃoun] | show |
shrink | [ʃriŋk] | shrank | [ʃræŋk] | shrunk | [ʃrʌŋk] | sit down (about the material), decrease (sya), reduce (sya) |
shut | [ʃʌt] | shut | [ʃʌt] | shut | [ʃʌt] | close |
sing | sang | sung | sing | |||
sink | sank | sunk | drown | |||
sit | sat | sat | sit | |||
sleep | slept | slept | sleep | |||
smell | smelt | smelt | smell, smell | |||
slide | slide | slide | slide | |||
sow | sowed | sown | sow, sow | |||
smell | smelled | smelled | smell, smell | |||
speak | spoke | spoken | ["spoukən] | speak | ||
spell | spelt | spelt | to spell | |||
spend | spent | spent | spend | |||
spill | spilt | spilt | shed | |||
sleep | spat | spat | spit | |||
split | split | split | split | |||
spoil | spoilt | spoilt | spoil | |||
spread | spread | spread | spread | |||
stand | stood | stood | stand | |||
steal | stole | stolen | ["stoulən] | steal | ||
stick | stuck | stuck | to stick, to stick, to stick | |||
sting | stung | stung | sting | |||
strike | struck | struck | hit, strike | |||
striving | strove | striving | ["strɪvn] | try, strive | ||
wear | swore | sworn | take an oath | |||
sweep | swept | swept | revenge, sweep | |||
swim | swam | swum | to swim | |||
take | took | taken | ["teɪkən] | take, take | ||
teach | taught | taught | learn | |||
tear | tore | torn | tear | |||
tell | told | told | tell | |||
think | [θɪŋk] | thought | [θɔ:t] | thought | [θɔ:t] | think |
throw | [θrou] | threw | [θru:] | thrown | [θroun] | throw |
understand | [ʌndər "stænd] | understood | [ʌndər"stʊd] | understood | [ʌndər"stʊd] | understand |
upset | [ʌp"set] | upset | [ʌp"set] | upset | [ʌp"set] | upset, upset (plans), upset |
wake | woke | woken | ["woukən] | wake up | ||
wear | wore | worn | wear | |||
weep | wept | wept | cry | |||
wet | wet | wet | wet, moisturize | |||
win | won | won | win, win | |||
wind | wound | wound | writhing, winding, winding (clock) | |||
write | wrote | written | ["rɪtn] | write |
How to remember forms of irregular verbs?
I bring to your attention several verbs that are synonyms in the same meaning. We meet this meaning everywhere, in various situations and conditions. We are talking about the words "clean, clean." You can meet them in different semantic contexts. After all, you can “clean, clean” anything, starting from any object or thing and ending with a room. Imagine that you are translating a text into English. You use the verb "to clean". We look into the dictionary and what do we see? The dictionary entry for the word "clean" lists several verbs. Which one to choose? Each of them is used in a specific context. To choose the right option, we rely on the semantic content of the context.
Word choice: clean / tidy / do out / dust / polish / brush- meaning "to clean, to clean"
The difference in the use of each of the presented verbs will be clear and understandable if we follow the examples when to use this or that word.
The most famous of all mentioned is the verb clean . We use it to brush our teeth clean one's teeth), clean the suit ( clean a suit), clean up the streets ( clean streets), wash the car ( clean a car), and even clean the gun ( clean a rifle). As we can see, “brush your teeth” and “clean your gun” are phrases of a completely different nature, but, nevertheless, we translate them using one verb clean. If we add to this verb the word out, we get the verb "clean up, clean out" ( clean out a room); when adding up- clean up after yourself ( clean up after the picnic).
Synonym of the verb clean in the meaning of "clean the room" is the word tidy . It is often used not by itself, but in combination with up. We take this verb if we clean something or put things in order somewhere ( Tidy up before the guests). In other words, we clean or clean out our habitat. Do you want to use tidy talking about clothes or appearance? Then we will translate differently: Tidy a dress- fix the dress; tidy somebody's hair- Fix your hair.
Have you cleaned (cleaned) any room or furniture set? Then you did out something. Another synonym for the verb clean in the meaning of "clean up" is do out . Example: do out a room, do out a cupboard.
next verb dust also refers to cleaning and cleaning, but its meaning is limited. Since the noun dust translated as “dust”, then you can guess that a similar verb will mean exactly wiping dust on an object ( dust furniture). In one sentence, you can safely use two verbs together - tidy and dust- they will determine the entire cleaning process ( I tidied and dusted the shelves). In combination dust a room concluded the meaning of "clean the room".
Our penultimate verb polish also means “to clean”, but in this case we can talk about shoes or furniture ( shoes or furniture), and in general about some surface that can be rubbed to a shine. It turns out that the attitude to "cleaning" is very conditional.
Verb brush implies the process of cleaning something from some substance, often with a brush: brush mud off a coat, brush somebody's hair / teeth. In combinations brush out / brush down, this verb has the same meanings - to clean, clean, smooth (hair). By the way, the expression brush out a room there is also such a translation - to sweep the room.
But this is not the whole list of verbs that are translated “to clean” in the English dictionary. Here are a few more for reference, but there are many more:
- peel- clean fruits and vegetables;
- purge- clean, clean something, clean (from suspicions, from sins);
- pare- peel, peel (horse hooves);
- scour- clean, clean (dishes, ditch, car);
- shine– clean shoes, metal;
- burnish- clean, polish to a shine, polish;
- cleanse- cleanse (stomach), purify with detergent, disinfect.
In any case, when you translate a phrase or expression with the word “clean”, first of all, study the context in which it occurs in order to choose the right verb for this particular case.
If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.
[ˈtaɪdɪ]
Add to bookmarks Remove from bookmarks
verb
- remove (take away, take away)
- put in order
- clean up
noun
- order
Plural number: tidies.
adjective
- careful (neat, clean)
- not bad
Verb forms
Phrases
tidy house
neat house
tidy woman
neat woman
tidy room
clean room
tidy sum
not a bad amount
tidy the room
clean the room
Offers
Please tidy up your bedroom.
Please clean your bedroom.
We will tidy up our room so Mom is satisfied.
We'll tidy up our room to make Mom happy.
I'm trying to tidy things up a bit.
I'm trying to sort things out a little bit.
Tom started to frantically tidy up his apartment after his mother rank to say she was coming around.
Tom began to feverishly tidy up his apartment when his mother called him and said that she would come.
Tom tidied up the living room.
Tom cleaned up the living room.
If I "d known you were coming, I would" ve tidied the house up a bit.
If I had known you were coming, I would have tidied up the house a little.
While my wife was shopping in town, I tidied up in the kitchen.
While my wife went shopping in the city, I cleaned the kitchen.
Sun skirt: types and how to wear it Black sun skirt with a T-shirt how to wear
Ground bird cherry Ground bird cherry cook
Own business: production of chips
How to care for your skin in spring Face masks in spring
Seizures in the corners of the mouth: causes and treatment in adults and children