The prefixes "pre" and "at" in some words. Spelling of pre and pre prefixes: a rule from a new textbook of the Russian language

21.10.2019

Spelling of prefixes is an important section in the study of the Russian language. Vowels in the prefixes pre- and pre- depends on lexical meaning the words. Their spelling principles are few and not complicated. But, despite this, not only children, but also adults get confused in the rules when the vowel -e or -i is written. Consider the rule of writing pre-/at-.

In contact with

Prefix at-

Words with attached express:

Attachment and approach. Addition, application, come, come, fasten.
Incomplete action. To lull, to snuggle up, to jump up, to keep an eye on, to warm, to sip, to rise, to limp.
Being close to something. Save, near-mountain, bedside, front-line, suburban, railway station.
Gradual completion of the process. Taming, instill, get used to, addiction, reconciliation, save.

Note! What is incomplete action? These are expressing the half-action of a person or object, i.e. doing something incomplete. Get up - get up, sit down - sit down, lie down - lie down

learning Russian

The value of the prefix pre- can be expressed:

The superlative meaning of the word. Great, pre-important, wise, advantage, ripe, insipid.
The prefix pre- can be replaced by re-. Transient moment - passing (a moment that will change); to swim (obsolete form) - to swim across.

Important! In there are words in which pre- and come to the root of the word. It is difficult to explain the spelling of such words (in most cases it is), so it is better to remember them. Examples: president, price list, teacher, drug, throne, pretender, preference, private, privilege.

Spelling confusion can occur in homophones - words that sound the same but have different spellings. Convert - bring to life, pretend - close, transient - temporary, coming - appearing somewhere; despise - hate, despise - take care of someone; bow - respectfully lower, bow - bend down; to betray - to deceive, to attach - to strengthen the role of the subject.

Spelling prefixes pre-/pre- verbs

Pre-/attachment prefixes are often used with verbs, so we will pay special attention to them.

Words with the prefix pre- have the following interpretation:

Change something. The frog turned into a princess. Spring has changed everything around.
Implement = bring something to life.
Ending an action or process. Block the way, interrupt the speech, stop the crime, stop the activity, prevent the flow.
An action is above or below a certain measure. exalt, exceed, exceed, underestimate.
To abide = to live, to be, to exist. He lives in Rostov. = He is in Rostov.

You can use the hint site http://bezbukv.ru/mask/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5$/verb, on the page of which there are verbs with a prefix in which -e- is written.

Note! Most verbs with are found in works of fiction.

The prefix pre- is used in the spelling of verbs in the following cases:

Completion of an action or movement. Come, run, drive, fly.
The specific position of one object in relation to another. Apply a compress, glue a sheet, stick tightly, touch your hand, attach a shelf, attach details, pin a brooch.
Addition. Add speed, attribute too much, buy things, attach a balcony, increase capital.
Incomplete action. The verbs "sit down" and "lie down" can have the meaning of a short-term action. I lay down on the bed to take a nap. I'll sit down for a minute and run further on business.
The verbs of perception "look" and "listen" with the prefix pre- and postfix -sya express deepening into action - to look better, listen carefully.
The verbs “call” and “attract” with the prefix prefix = refer to someone, induce to action - call, attract.
The verbs "teach", "tame", "graft" ( figurative meaning), “get used to” = transfer or acquisition of any qualities, properties, skills. Parents taught children to discipline. Animal lovers can even tame a lion. The teacher of literature instilled in us a love of poetry. Those who get used to getting up early do a lot.

The prefix pre- can be used with verbs not only literally but also figuratively. Verbs of motion fall under this category. Let's look at examples in which the verb "come" is in a figurative sense:

Meaning "get a certain result". We have arrived at a definite solution to this problem.
May contain a conclusion/conclusion or agreement. After working after school for two years, he came to the decision to leave his hometown and start life anew. As a result of lengthy negotiations, representatives of the two countries came to an agreement on territorial issues. The commission came to the conclusion that there were no violations in the work of the bank.
The meaning is "to agree", "to have a common decision". We argued for a long time where we should go on vacation, and when we came to a common opinion, we decided to go to the White Sea.
Meaning "understanding" or "realization". With age, he began to understand how important it is to protect health.
Meaning "get power". As a result of the elections, the Republicans came to power in the country.

In verbal parts of speech, the spelling pre-/pri will be preserved. Blocking - blocking - blocking, trying on - trying on - trying on.

At the heart of writing prefixes PRE- and PRI- lies the semantic principle. that is, the choice of one or another prefix depends on what meaning it brings to the word.

The prefix PRE- is written in the following cases. Firstly, when it introduces into the word the meaning of the ultimate degree of action, a quality that transcends measure. For instance, superb, extol, exaggerate, prettiest, premilo.

Secondly, the prefix PRE- will be written in those cases when it is close in meaning to the prefix PERE-. For instance, tradition, compare - "transfer"; block, compare - "to block", cross the line, compare - "to cross".

The prefix PRI- can have the following meanings. First, proximity to something, adjacency. For instance, school, seaside, Amur region.

Secondly, in the meaning of the incompleteness of the action, i.e., an action that is performed in an incomplete volume or for some limited period. For instance, lie down, sit down, cover up.

Thirdly, the prefix PRI- can have the meaning of attachment, approximation. For instance, sew on, tie, freeze.

Fourthly, the prefix PRI- can have the meaning of bringing the action to its logical end, to the end, to completion. For instance, accustom, finish.

The prefix PRI- can also have the meaning of an accompanying action: to dance, to whistle.

And finally, the prefix PRI- can denote an action that is performed in one's own interests: dress up, listen.

It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of words close in sound, but completely different in meaning, with prefixes PRE- and PRI-. Such, for example, as despise a coward and despise in meaning shelter, close the door and make a dream come true. stay in meaning to be somewhere and arrive in meaning come. bow your head or bend a branch to the ground. The meaning of such prefixes and these words is determined by the context, that is, by the words that are next to them. The complexity of this rule is that in modern Russian there are quite a lot of words in which it is difficult or impossible to isolate the prefix PRE- and PRI-. The spelling of such words should be checked in a spelling dictionary. In particular, such words include obsolete words used in phraseological units. For instance, stumbling block or doomsday.

The spelling of borrowed words with the prefixes PRE- and PRI- or words that simply begin with PRE- and PRI- should also be checked in a spelling dictionary. For instance, president, preamble, drug, prima donna etc.

Bibliography

Russian language. Grade 6 / Baranov M.T. and others - M .: Education, 2008.
Babaitseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 cells - M.: Bustard, 2008.
Russian language. 6 cells / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.

Additional exercises ().
Reference table().

Homework

Task number 1

Insert the missing letters. Distribute and write down the words in two columns: in the first - with the prefix PRI-, in the second - with the prefix PRE-.

Ancient pr...given, stone of pr...stumble, pr...miracles of nature, pr...to step (to business), rich pr...given, vicissitudes of fate, pr...overcoming obstacles, no need to say ... to repent, pr ... knowledge of what they have done, pr ... to be inactive, implicitly ... obediently obey, pr ... supporter of new views, pr ... give a friend, pr. ..to reconcile enemies, pr ... the existence of a train, an indispensable condition, useful pr ... acquisition, life without pr ... beauty, pr ... a funny case, pr ... breaking rays, pr. ..elevation of authority, pr...stop the hearing of the case, give pr...swear, seekers of pr...keys.

Task number 2

Replace these revolutions with words with the prefix PRE- or PRI-.

"Diligent, diligent", "located near the school", "come somewhere", "oral story, a story passed down from generation to generation", "inclinations that have become common, permanent", "stop doing something", " open a little."

At the heart of writing prefixes PRE- and PRI- lies the semantic principle. that is, the choice of one or another prefix depends on what meaning it brings to the word.

The prefix PRI- can have the following meanings. First, proximity to something, adjacency. For instance, school, seaside, Amur region.

Secondly, in the meaning of the incompleteness of the action, i.e., an action that is performed in an incomplete volume or for some limited period. For instance, lie down, sit down, cover up.

Thirdly, the prefix PRI- can have the meaning of attachment, approximation. For instance, sew on, tie, freeze.

Fourthly, the prefix PRI- can have the meaning of bringing the action to its logical end, to the end, to completion. For instance, accustom, finish.

The prefix PRI- can also have the meaning of an accompanying action: to dance, to whistle.

And finally, the prefix PRI- can denote an action that is performed in one's own interests: dress up, listen.

Bibliography

Russian language. Grade 6 / Baranov M.T. and others - M .: Education, 2008.
Babaitseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 cells - M.: Bustard, 2008.
Russian language. 6 cells / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.

Additional exercises ().
Reference table().

Homework

Task number 1

Insert the missing letters. Distribute and write down the words in two columns: in the first - with the prefix PRI-, in the second - with the prefix PRE-.

Task number 2

Replace these revolutions with words with the prefix PRE- or PRI-.

In order to write words that begin with PRE- or PRI- without errors, you need to learn the following rule.

In most words, the choice of the vowel I or E depends on the meaning of the prefix.

The prefix PRI- can mean:
1. Spatial contiguity, proximity: COASTAL, SCHOOL.
2. Approximation, joining: COME, LEAN, STICK.
3. Incompleteness of action: SHUT THE DOOR, DOWN, BEAUTY.
4. Bringing the action to the end: SHOOT, INVENT.

The prefix PRE- can express:
1. A high degree of quality or action and have a meaning close to the meaning of the word "very": PREVIOUS, LONG, PREVENT.
2. A meaning close to the meaning of the prefix PER-: TO TRANSFORM, TRANSFORM, OBSTRUCTION.

This rule has two notes:
1. It is necessary to distinguish between spellings of words that are similar in sound, but different in meaning:
DESPECT (hate) - DESPECT (give shelter), KNEEL (kneel) - BEND (branch), SUFFER (difficulties, misfortunes) - GROW TOGETHER (to circumstances), TRANSIENT (moment) - COMING (postman),
STAY (be) - ARRIVE (approach).
2. There are words in which the spelling of a vowel cannot be explained by the above rule. These are Russian words in which the prefix is no longer singled out (for example, NATURE, REASON, CLAIMS, DEVICE, SECURATE, PREPONA, REVERSE), as well as borrowings (PRESIDIUM, PREAMBLE, PREPARATION, PRIVILEGE, PRIMITIVE, PRIVATE, PRIORITY). In such cases, in order to avoid mistakes, you need to use a dictionary.

Prefixes "pre" and "at" in some words

1. Contempt / contempt

With the first word, everything is clear, but the second is used much less frequently. Contempt is care. To contemplate means to give shelter and food. In the dictionary, this verb is marked "obsolete." In the 18th-19th centuries, institutions that were engaged in guardianship and guardianship were called the house of charity.

It is easy to explain in the second word. There is a hint of approach, acceptance, attachment.

2. Betray / give

It is possible (but not necessary) to betray a friend, but to give meaning. In the second case, the motive for joining is again visible.

3. Bow / bow

You can bow your head or kneel. And to bend, for example, a branch to the ground (to bring closer, therefore, closer).

4. Pretend / Pretend

You can make a dream come true. And here the prefix is excellent in meaning with re- (a dream is REBORN and becomes a reality). But you can pretend to gate (CLOSE, the motive of incomplete action: close, but not completely).

5. Endure / get used to

To endure is almost the same thing as to endure. That is, to endure, to wait, to survive. So, you need the prefix pre-.
And to get used to is to bring the action to the end and (again) get closer to what you endure.

6. Transient / coming

The transient is that which passes, passes.
And the one who comes is the one who comes, approaches. For example, a train coming to this platform. Or coming to Kindergarten child.

7. Multiply/multiply

These words are very difficult to distinguish, this is noted even in reference books. It is believed that to multiply is to multiply a lot, and to multiply is to add a little. But these are rather shades of the same meaning, so they are often confused.

8. Successor/Receiver

Dmitry Medvedev was once called the successor of Vladimir Putin - the powers of the president were transferred to him. But not a receiver! Remember: the receiver is a machine, not a person.

It happens like this: a child graduated from the 5th grade in one school, and in the 6th grade he went to another, more advanced one. And there - another program in the Russian language, and all the spelling has already been studied (but he has not yet). How to catch up? For such purposes - to remember what has been passed or to study what has not been passed, to structure fragmentary information - now there is a "Non-textbook on the Russian language". These are funny and useful books written with great respect for the reader. Here is an example of a chapter on pre and pri prefixes.

boring story

From this side of the hill, Sigismund the Prezhadny ruled, at the top - Vasily the Beautiful, and beyond the hillock - Arthur the Most Terrible.

Sigismund had only one courtier left, the rest fled to Vasily. In general, everyone fled from Arthur to Vasily. Well, Vasily got 29 courtiers.

Another in place of Basil would have conquered two neighboring kingdoms long ago. With such an army! But Vasily did not even think about it. He released criminals from prison. A strong king, an army nearly thirty times larger than that of the enemy!..

The Minister of Defense said a hundred times at the military council that the descendants would not forgive Vasily for such a boring story. "What will they teach at school in history lessons! Not a single war!" - got excited Minister of Defense.

But Basil doesn't care. He will stomp on the minister, for the sake of appearance, to lag behind, and again runs after his mice. Enthusiasm. They would bring him as many mice as you like on a golden tray - no, he runs around.

Wool on end, tail pipe - so beautiful.

In Arthur Givargizov's story, prefixes in words fearful, greedy, on the one hand, and stomp, courtier, bring- these are two different prefixes, and they must be learned to distinguish.

You need to distinguish them by value, but the trouble is that each prefix has several different meanings. The prefix is especially rich in them. Here are its most important meanings.

The first is related to the idea of contact, rapprochement, connection: run, tie, land, come, stick, bring, attach, attract, sew and etc.

With movement verbs, the idea of contact is most often concretized as getting somewhere or to someone: Today the children brought paint to school or We have guests.

The idea of rapprochement is often concretized as a bond with something bigger: To send a letter, you need to stick a stamp on the envelope or Mom sewed a button to the shirt.

Second importance prefixes attached to incomplete, weak: get sick, muffle, lie down, hug, sit down, sprinkle etc. So, sit down differs from sit down the fact that it is either not for long, or somehow not completely, for example, on the edge of the sofa, or just a person is ready to jump up at the first request: Petya sat down in an armchair and looked at Yasha, who sat uncertainly on the edge of the chair. A embrace means to embrace softly, slightly closer to him. This is the meaning of the prefix at often combined with words a little, a little, not completely, not for long: to get sick a little, muffle the sound a little, lie down for a while.

Both of these meanings are characteristic of verbs, but with adjectives and nouns, the prefix with can also mean closeness or closeness: Urals(the area around Ural mountains), Amur region(the area around the Amur River), Primorye(area near the sea), seaside(located near the sea or in a suitable locality), coastal(located close to the coast or in the appropriate area), etc.

Prefix meanings

Prefix pre also has several meanings. To adjectives and adverbs, she adds the idea high degree: kind, amiable, obnoxious, obnoxious etc., that is, it is equal in meaning to the word very. nasty- it very nasty.__

With verbs, the prefix pre can also denote a high degree and even excessive action: exalt, exaggerate, exaggerate Xia, etc. In addition, it can mean moving through something: overcome, transcend- and separation or termination: block, break, interrupt.

These last two ideas are also characteristic of the prefix pen with which they are related: for example, to cross, as well as to block and break. Verbs with the prefix pre are more archaic, often having not a physical, but figurative meaning: break the law, block the way, break off the relationship I am.

If nouns and adjectives are formed from verbs, then they, of course, keep the prefix: to transgress is a crime; to surpass - superiority, excellent; to arrive - arrival, visitor.

Let us turn once again to Arthur Givargizov's story "A Boring Story", where there are several words with these prefixes.

with a letter and words are written stomp and courtier. The first of them means "lightly stomp", that is, it contains the prefix at. The second can be both an adjective and a noun and means closeness to royalty and the royal court. These words also contain the prefix at, which matters proximity not so much in physical as in social position.

with a letter e words are written fearful, greedy and criminal. They have an attachment pre, because the first two words have high degree value: "very scary" and "very greedy", a criminal- it "one who broke the law" .

Two more remarks need to be made.

First, with pre and at many words borrowed from other languages begin in Russian, for example: president, present, prestige, privilege. In Russian, prefixes are not distinguished in them, and they do not obey the rule. Such words need to be checked with a dictionary and memorized.

Interestingly, some of these words have a Latin prefix. Word the president spelled with a letter e, because it goes back to the Latin word praesidentis, in which the prefix prae means "ahead" sidentis- "sitting". It is easy to see that in meaning this Latin word corresponds to the Russian word chairman, which consists of morphemes close in meaning.

Secondly, there are words in which it is very difficult to determine the meaning of the prefix. For example, here are the words whim, adventure or neglect were once formed using one of our two prefixes. But gradually the meanings of the prefix and the root have merged so much that they can no longer be separated. Even the prefix can not be distinguished, but considered part of the root.

In Arthur Givargizov's tale, King Vasily is named twice beautiful. Once a word Red was the same root as the word beautiful- they had a common root kras and the meaning is the same. So, the red maiden meant the same thing as beautiful girl. Yes and the Red Square called so because of the beauty, not because of the red color.

The adjective beautiful was formed from the word Red("beautiful") with the prefix pre in the meaning of a high degree. Time has passed, and the adjective red has a meaning of color, and now the root stands out in it red. And in the adjective beautiful it is already difficult to separate the prefix and the root, especially since its meaning has changed: it means not only “very beautiful”, but also “very good”, for example great solution.

The spelling of such words must be memorized, and in doubtful cases, seek help from a dictionary. Here are some examples:

turn
beautiful
let
neglect
Chase
order
adventure
fad
capricious

Let's pay attention to pairs of words that differ in prefixes. Yes, as a couple arrive and stay the first verb is associated with the idea of arrival (arrival, arrival), that is, approach: The train arrives at the station, and the second - with the idea of staying (finding): The theater is on tour.

In the pair to give and betray, the first verb is associated with the idea of connection, bonding and ultimately creation ( give meaning to something), and the second is associated with betrayal, extradition, that is, in the original meaning, the transfer of someone to someone or something to something ( betray a friend).

Exercise 1. Which explanation is incorrect?

In a word (old) pr_daniye a letter is written e, since the prefix used to have a meaning close to the meaning of the prefix re. Tradition is a story that is passed down from generation to generation.
In a word pr_strange(sound) a letter is written at the gap e, since the prefix in this word means "very".
In a word turn off(sound) a letter is written and, since the prefix in this word means "approximation".
Word pr_neglect spelled with a letter e. It is difficult to determine the meaning of the prefix in this word, so the basic rule cannot be applied. The correct spelling must be found in the dictionary and memorized.

Exercise 2.| Which example in each line would be superfluous?

Sample:

Pro_rich, pr_big, pr_shut up, pr_flattering. All words, except for the word shut up, have the prefix pre with the meaning "very". So, the word to be silent is superfluous: there is a different prefix.

Pr_heat, pr_hold, pr_cut, pr_pocket.
Bring a kettle, send a horse, send a friend, bring a son.
Pro_coarse, pro_sea, pro_evil, pro_sweet.
To squint, to limp, to be ill, to protect.
Pro_huge, pr_estate, pr_harmful, pr_nasty.
Project_flight, pr_sticking, pr_liv, pr_elevation.
Pro_powdered, pr_covered, pr_puffy, pr_wise.
Pr_to lift, pr_boil, pr_stab, pr_manka.
Pr_dirty, Pr_Volga, Pr_voskhodny, Pr_curious.
Pr_krat, pr_fasten, pr_lep, pr_twist.

Exercise 3 In each paragraph, the phrases are chosen so as to illustrate different meanings prefixes pre or at. In addition, in the exercise there are words in which the prefix is not highlighted, for example, borrowings or words that have changed meanings.

Insert the missing letters.

High city, building to the house, bad weather, nowhere to sit, space adventures.
Good ugly look, break bread, lie a little, right station buffet, follow the enemy.
Price list for new products, screwing to the ceiling, bending the head, electric breaker, bad weather.
Stand on tiptoe, long conversation, terrible vision, hellish plan, hellish fish.
Great deep canyon, overcome difficulties, sprinkle with snow, Siberian freedom, successful earth.
The potato burned, the light broke, the long film, stared at, thought of a fairy tale.
The sun is warming up, a dangerous obstacle, a root layer of the earth, a horrible monster, a cut of disgrace.
To block the road, to hit it painfully, to shout at the horses, court lady, to fight for trifles.
Pro_steep slope, a few delays, pro_movable table, rust producer, medical pro_parat.
Open window, stern talk, stop traffic, funny accident, stop work.

Buy this book

Discussion

sorry, I don’t remember exactly how they explained to us in the distant Soviet times. the meaning of "very" was exactly, and I remember about the approximation, the rest was forgotten. However, I write correctly. explained to us well. Why change a proven methodology and fence an incomprehensible garden, citing a bunch of exceptions at the end?

Comment on the article "Spelling of pre and pre prefixes: a rule from a new textbook of the Russian language"

Spelling of pre and pre prefixes: a rule from a new textbook of the Russian language. The second important meaning of the prefix at is associated with incompleteness, a weak degree: to get sick, muffle, lie down, hug, sit down, sprinkle, etc. So, sit down is different from sit down ...

At the same time, I note that if a person is capable enough, high intellect, is friends with mathematics, and so on, he, if desired, somehow draws out Russian. Spelling of pre and pre prefixes: a rule from a new textbook of the Russian language.

Discussion

It's the same with any subject. Mine doesn’t understand why biology / geography and others like them in the volume that is given at school. Half of it would be enough for the general development. Deep down, I agree with her, but I say that knowledge of all subjects "is necessary, because it is necessary")))

If only because no one knows that it will be there further. I also didn’t know the rules at school at all, in Russian they were 5-2-5-2 ... For dictation - "5". "Explain why you wrote that" - "2". And then I suddenly realized that there are rules in any language, and if you know the rules of one, it is easier to understand the rules of another (by analogy or "by contrast"). In general, the language is akin to mathematics - it is logical and interesting.
And I learned the rules later, when (suddenly!) I began to teach this very language :)

How to improve Russian? Good afternoon everyone. Happy New Year everyone! There, in one sentence, all the spelling except for the question mark. A tutor is not bad, but only with the right task. IMHO, but you still have a completely incomprehensible request.

Remember the spelling rule from scratch with so many exercises? You don’t look in the dictionary every time and don’t remember the rule when you write a word? I'm still always interested in what people are ready to xeric, while not counting the cost of these printouts.

Discussion

Yes,. I am a teacher and have known this for many years! but! Because of such parents - as in the video at the link - you do not know about it and continue to spend money and do not resent anywhere! [link-1]

03.12.2017 22:33:45, Galina Kustova

I did not find these orders on the website of the Ministry of Education and Science

03.12.2017 19:39:20, rucola12345

Section: Textbooks (the best book of the rules of the Russian language). Advise a collection of rules in Russian for the beginning. another rule of the Russian language. - get-togethers. About his own, about a girl's. In fact, from the point of view of the Russian language, the opposite is true, a soft consonant requires ...

Discussion

I join the request. You need the same thing, but online. In computer right rule somehow easier to find. Thanks!

I don't really understand what "a collection of rules for beginners" means: are they any special for the first 4 classes? There are simply rules of the Russian language. As for me, nothing better than Ditmar Elyashevich has been invented yet.

Discussion

Thanks to everyone, especially the igniting Papchik))). I had to come up with such a question after a tedious argument with an intelligent (by position) and adult (81g) man, who, as it turned out, looks at all the news through the prism of "pro-Russian means against it."
He was promised that in the girl's audience within half an hour they would prove the opposite to him :))))
Sorry for anonymity.

pro-American - for or against America?

Let's work out the spelling of the root spelling. Detailed description how to learn to write without mistakes Rules of the Russian language. 44 rules that make grammar easy to learn! Thanks! With dysgraphia, the child, oddly enough, knows the rules of the Russian language ...

Discussion

I have read and copied everything. We will work, change tactics. Strength and confidence increased, and then the hands dropped already from the lack of results, to be honest! Thanks a lot, everyone!

28.01.2014 10:32:41, Julia-la from someone else's computer

Julia, we have exactly the same problems - spatial-visual disorientation. The only thing that saves us at school: the official conclusion of the commission on dysgraphia, dyslexia, dyscalculia and recommendations for teachers - all on the letterhead of the education committee: the requirement for an individual approach to the child. If you need to tell how to do it - write to the podnik. Really saves the situation and removes unnecessary stress from the child.

Here, if these two conditions are met (the right textbook + the right teacher), the result is excellent. True, as I recently did, in our class before the holidays, a Russian gave work on spelling (prefixes pre / at, suffix chik-schik, suffix Ek / Ik, -z and -s in ...

Discussion

Buy a teacher's book from this UMK, and you will be happy!
According to etymology, other authors of other textbooks have exactly the same tasks. These are flowers :), then there will be toponymy, etc. This is the case in all programs.

The origin can be described using the etymological dictionary at the end of the textbook in 90% of cases. The task is to be able to use reference material.

Seven days for an hour, they only worked with prefixes - pre - pre - - in the end, they did not make a single mistake. Two weeks have passed - he doesn’t remember anything on this topic at all, you can start again from scratch. And the same with English.

Discussion

on general grounds. But we have an ordinary school - there is no talk of any dictations on 10 lines (I’m not saying that this is good), despite the 4th grade, and the teacher is loyal - if my son studied with my first teacher, then with his handwriting and the look of notebooks, he would never have received a single 4 in his life. But in English - yes, everything that is oral is "5", everything that is written is "2": - ((and nothing ...

My daughter is being assessed on a general basis, but she doesn't mind. Another thing is that they don’t bully her at school and don’t force her to rewrite for 3 hours. With errors, the teacher sends back, yes, correct. Sometimes she emphasizes places where there are mistakes, so that the daughter herself corrects them and would get a chance for a higher mark. But I am calm about the marks for the language: better than it was, and okay. The main thing for me is that my daughter tries and gradually progresses.

I would categorically not allow mine to be kept after lessons for 3 hours, especially since simply rewriting is ineffective. I also write dictations and essays with a bunch of mistakes, but there are other tasks: answer the rules, exercises where you need to substitute the word in the right grammatical form or redo an existing sentence. Here mine performs them well, we have practically got rid of copying errors. Based on them, you can also certify, and on average get a good grade. I don't care what kind of dictation is formally a deuce.

Tell the child not to be nervous, to concentrate on what works best. I would agree with the teacher that she use other methods of certification ALSO on a par with well-deserved deuces for dictation. If he has a good memory, he will be able to learn the rule and answer in the lesson - now he is no longer a loser. By the way, my daughter is very similar to your description, she also has dyslexia, dysgraphia, problems with spatial orientation and ambidexterity, it seems. Well, we practice and educate philosophical approach to life. In your situation, I would still put a lot of effort into mastering the computer, teach it to type quickly, it will come in handy in the future.

Russian language rules. you need to pick up test words for the words: luck (vowel and why not? the main thing is that the vowel at the root is stressed luck - the same Russian language 2 cells. Three rules of the root !!! Tell me how easier it is for a child to tell and learn the rule.

the question arose in connection with the prefixes pre - and with - I vaguely remember that the prefix pre - is used in the case where it can be replaced with re- (kind, obstacle, barrier) and with - in the meaning of approaching and close to that (approach, attract, etc...

You need to choose a textbook. We only speak Russian, we don’t live in Russia. The girl can read and write, but grammar and speech development are needed. Please advise, please, a textbook and an author, we cannot find a competent Russian teacher, we will have to teach it ourselves. Probably a textbook .. .

Discussion

Russian language Soboleva O.L.

Natasha, here they are, these textbooks
[link-1]
you need Chubarov "We read and write in Russian" and "The Land of Russian Grammar" there. Well, all the other books there are good, for Anechka there are also from the series "Russian Language with Mom". Books, however, are not cheap, but really what is needed for children who do not live in the Russian language environment. We bought books at the House on the Arbat, where you can order via the Internet and deliver them in Moscow, ask someone to receive them and send them to you later.

It seems to me that all words with prefixes: sigh, see, cope, fix, flourish, run away, run, boundless, climb, helpless, settle down, exclamation, limitless, frost, limitless, inflammation, exclamation, routine, aimless ...