Good morning, dear colleagues! Today we have gathered again to talk about the "painful" - about the unified state exam in the Russian language. "Live and learn!" - it's all about us, teachers of the Russian language! As soon as we began to understand what is required of us at the USE in general and how to teach children to solve such tasks, how should we get used to the fact that every year some changes are made to the USE KIMS, which means that we will not be bored and should study and study again. What to do? How to keep up with the times, take into account all the changes and not lose the most valuable thing in preparing for the exam - time? Today I would like to talk about the simplest things with which to start preparing for the exam, so that this process does not turn into some kind of incomprehensible task, but becomes a system and brings its results.

I believe that in the first turn it is necessary to draw up a well-thought-out Plan of our work and follow it step by step. I’ll make a reservation right away that we all understand and know that we are now not in an absolutely closed space with a complete lack of information, as in the early years of the Unified State Examination, but on the contrary, there are so many of these sources of information now that the main thing, perhaps, is not to get confused in this labyrinth, but choose the most necessary for the efficiency of work and devote more time to the work itself in preparing for the exam.

So, what should be considered when drawing up such a Plan?

• 2 years of study (grades 10 and 11): we start training in grade 10 (the program allows us to do this and this is our advantage over other subjects) and we always take into account all the changes and continue training in grade 11;
• activities during and after classes;
• hours of the compulsory and optional parts of the School Curriculum (in the 10th grade it can be one hour, and in the 11th grade it can be different);
• the level of preparedness of students

What is the sequence of actions?

1) Acquaintance with official information

The official information portal of the unified state exam -age edu

Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements-

Tasks for preparing for the exam in the Russian language with sample solutions (15 new options monthly).
- FOUND A PROBLEM? LET'S TRAIN!
To create a specialized test, select the number of tasks from each section or use the predefined options by clicking on the appropriate button.
-You can make a variant of the number of tasks you need for various sections of the task catalog.

Educational site of the teacher of Russian language and literature Zakharyina Elena Alekseevna-saharina.ru

Open bank of USE assignments
(on the FIPI website)
Phonetics
Vocabulary and phraseology
Morphemics and word formation
Grammar. Morphology
Grammar. Syntax
Spelling
Punctuation
Speech
Language norms
The expressiveness of Russian speech
Information processing of texts of various styles and genres

There are many questions to the creators of such a job bank. For example: it is very inconvenient for work and takes a lot of time, it would be better if it was built according to the types of tasks, but nevertheless, it is necessary to work with it. Now, for example, it already contains 98 different texts. And maybe even more. All tasks with texts on the exam will be of 4 types - this is 1 task, a large text of about 450 words and questions on it (tasks 20-23), review text (task 24) and task 25. All types of such texts are in the OBZ. Methodists advise when working with text to always answer 3 basic questions:

What is the text about?

The correct interpretation of the text and the choice of the problem give the child as much as 8 points! It is also necessary to teach children to read the entire text, and not to pay attention to individual familiar words. That is, for example, to teach that the very first word “nature” does not lead them to the idea that it is necessary to give arguments to the problem “nature”. The problem may turn out to be completely different.

For an extended analysis of the tasks of part 1, you can use a very good collection of complex materialsDrabkina and Subbotinand similar books.

Helpful Hints:

• Before solving the full options, be sure to conduct detailed analysis each of the tasks, incl. and tasks 25 on evaluation criteria.
• Maintaining separate notebooks for solving tasks 1 and 2 of the part of the USE version
• Recording Part 1 answers in a spreadsheet, analyzing the results each month to track common mistakes
• Acquaintance with the criteria for evaluating a task with a detailed answer at the beginning of the year and learning the ability to correctly build an essay and track its result
• Teach the student to count their points and evaluate the work of a classmate
• Tracking changes in KIM USE in grade 11
• Do not use options for tasks in an outdated form to prepare for the exam (it is more difficult to relearn than to teach again)

And finally, let me tell you all:

I wish you, dear colleagues,
kind, smart, patient, talented and understanding students!

With such we can overcome everything!
May our efforts not be in vain, and…
May God never read such records on the Internet after the end of the exam:

"Unified State Examination pamaglo mine to enter the prestigious Maskovsky university." Thank you for your attention!

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Unified State Exam in the Russian Language On the preparation for the USE-2016

Teacher action plan in preparation for the exam

What to consider: 2 years of study (grades 10 and 11); activities during and after classes; hours of the compulsory and optional parts of the School Curriculum; the level of preparedness of students

The sequence of actions of the teacher: Acquaintance with official information - The official information portal of the unified state exam - ege. edu. ru - Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements - fipi .ru

The minimum number of points in the Russian language: to obtain a certificate - 24 points; for admission to a university - 36 points. The examination time is 3.5 hours (210 minutes).

STRUCTURE OF THE EXAMINATION WORK Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of complexity. Part 1 contains 24 short answer tasks. In the examination paper, the following types of tasks with a short answer are proposed: tasks open type to record a self-formulated correct answer; tasks for choosing and recording one correct answer from the proposed list of answers; multiple choice task

The answer to the tasks of part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a word, phrase, number or sequence of words, numbers written without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Part 2 contains 1 open-ended task with a detailed answer (composition), which tests the ability to create your own statement based on the text you read.

Video recommendations of the Unified State Exam-2016. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE Tsybulko Irina Petrovna - Senior Researcher of the Center for Philological Education of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Institute for Education Development Strategy of the Russian Academy of Education", Leading Researcher of the FGBNU "FIPI", Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences.

Information about the planned changes in the KIM USE 2016 Russian language - there are no significant changes. The selection of language material for completing tasks 7 and 8 has been expanded. The wording of task 25 has been clarified. The criteria for evaluating task 25 have been clarified. The maximum primary score has increased from 56 to 57.

Demonstration version of the control measuring materials of the unified state exam of 2016 in the Russian language

Codifier of content elements and requirements for the level of preparation of graduates of educational organizations for the unified state exam in the Russian language: Section 1. List of content elements tested at the unified state exam in the Russian language Section 2. List of requirements for the level of preparation checked at the unified state exam in Russian Russian language

Specification of control measuring materials for the unified state exam in 2016 in the RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: 1. Purpose of KIM USE 2. Documents defining the content of KIM USE 3. Approaches to the selection of content, development of the structure of KIM USE

4. The structure of the KIM USE Part 1 - 24 tasks with a short answer - 33 points Part 2 -1 task with a detailed answer -24 points Total - 25 tasks - 57 points

5. Distribution of KIM USE assignments by content and types of activity 6. Distribution of KIM USE assignments by level of complexity 7. Duration of the USE in the Russian language 8. Additional materials and equipment Additional materials and equipment are not used

9. The system of evaluation of individual tasks and the examination paper as a whole For the correct performance of each task of part 1 (except tasks 1, 7, 15 and 24), the examinee receives 1 point. For an incorrect answer or its absence, 0 points are set. For completing tasks 1 and 15, from 0 to 2 points can be set. The answer is considered correct if it contains all the numbers from the standard and there are no other numbers. 1 point is given if: one of the numbers indicated in the answer does not correspond to the standard; one of the digits specified in the answer template is missing. In all other cases, 0 points are given. The order in which the digits are written in the answer does not matter.

Task 7 can be assigned from 0 to 5 points. For each correctly indicated digit corresponding to the number from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (5 points: no errors; 4 points: 1 mistake was made; 3 points: 2 mistakes were made; 2 points: 2 digits are correctly indicated; 1 point: correctly indicated only one digit 0 points: completely incorrect answer, i.e. incorrect sequence of numbers or none The order of writing numbers in the answer matters.

For completing task 24, from 0 to 4 points can be set. The answer is considered correct if it contains all the numbers from the standard and there are no other numbers. For each correctly indicated digit corresponding to the number of the term from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (4 points: no errors; 3 points: 1 mistake was made; 2 points: 2 mistakes were made; 1 point: only one digit is correctly indicated; 0 points: a completely incorrect answer, i.e. an incorrect sequence of numbers or its absence.The order of writing the numbers in the answer matters.

Orthoepic dictionary - Emphasis in adjectives - Emphasis in verbs - Emphasis in some participles and participles - Nouns - Nouns - Adjectives - Verbs - Participles - German participles - Adverbs

I.P. Tsybulko, E.V. Buzina, I.P. Vasiliev, Yu.N. Gosteva, S.L. Ivanov METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS for teachers, prepared on the basis of an analysis of typical mistakes of participants in the USE 2015 in the RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Drawing up a work program and calendar-thematic planning - each topic ends with the solution of training tasks in the USE format -test papers- in the USE format - lessons in the development of speech - lessons in preparing for an essay in the USE format

An example of calendar-thematic planning of Russian language lessons in grade 10 for one of the sections

Implementation of the work program Conducting workshops on filling out the USE forms Rehearsal exams Analysis of the results Work on errors

What material can be used? "I will solve the exam" - Dmitry Gushchin's educational portal - reshuege.ru

Tasks for preparing for the exam in the Russian language with sample solutions (15 new options monthly). - FOUND A PROBLEM? LET'S TRAIN! To create a specialized test, select the number of tasks from each section or use the predefined options by clicking on the appropriate button. -You can make a variant of the number of tasks you need for various sections of the task catalog.

Educational site of the teacher of Russian language and literature Zakharyina Elena Alekseevna - saharina.ru

Open bank of USE tasks (on the FIPI website) Phonetics Vocabulary and phraseology Morphemics and word formation Grammar. Morphology Grammar. Syntax Spelling Punctuation Speech Language norms Expressiveness of Russian speech Information processing of texts of various styles and genres

Textbook "Unified State Exam. Russian Language. A set of materials for preparing students." Drabkina S.V.

Helpful tips: Before solving the full options, be sure to conduct a detailed analysis of each of the tasks, incl. and assignments 25 according to the assessment criteria Maintaining separate notebooks for solving tasks 1 and 2 of the USE version Recording the answers of part 1 in a table, analyzing the results every month to track typical mistakes Acquaintance with the assessment criteria for a task with a detailed answer at the beginning of the year and teaching the ability to correctly build an essay and track its result Teach the student to count their points and evaluate the work of a classmate Tracking changes in the KIM USE in the 11th grade Do not use options for tasks in an outdated form to prepare for the USE (it is more difficult to relearn than to teach again)

I wish you, dear colleagues, kind, smart, patient, talented and understanding students! With these, we will be able to overcome everything! May our efforts not be in vain, and ...

“Ye Ge pamaglo mine to enter the prestigious Maskovsky university.”

Line UMK M. M. Razumovskaya. Russian language (5-9)

Line UMK VV Babaytseva. Russian language (10-11) (deep)

Line UMK Kudryavtseva. Russian language (10-11)

Line UMK Pakhnova. Russian language (10-11) (B)

Unified State Examination in the Russian language: a detailed analysis of tasks with specialists

The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is one of the mandatory subjects for final exams. The results of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language will be required for admission to universities for each area of ​​training (specialty). Today we will consider in detail one of the options for the exam task.

New materials on the exam are available for review at the link:

Below is a breakdown of the 2017 assignments.

The examination time is 3.5 hours (210 minutes).

The minimum number of points in the Russian language:

• to obtain a certificate - 24 points;
• for admission to a university - 36 points.

The structure of the examination paper:

Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of complexity.

Part 1 contains 24 short answer tasks. In the examination paper, the following types of tasks with a short answer are proposed:

• tasks of an open type for recording a self-formulated correct answer;
• tasks to choose from and write down one correct answer from the proposed list of answers.

Part 2 contains 1 open-ended task with a detailed answer (composition), which tests the ability to create your own statement based on the text you read.

Our experts:

Sosnina Irina Vasilievna, teacher of Russian language and literature, laureate of the competition "Moscow Grant" in the field of science and technology in the field of education.
Awarded with the Honorary Diploma of the Ministry of Education and Science, work experience - 34 years.

Ryabtseva Elena Alexandrovna, a teacher of the highest category, teaches at a high school. Veteran of Labor, Winner of the competition of the best teachers Russian Federation within the framework of the Priority National Project "Education". Twice Laureate of the competition "Moscow Grant" in the field of science and technology in the field of education. Pedagogical experience - 46 years.

Part 1

Read the text and do tasks 1-3.

(1)L.N. Gumilyov, studying the features of the historical development of the peoples of Eurasia, noticed to the fact that rapid social change on the continent associated with solar activity cycles , which are quite fully described by astronomers. (2) Following the specialists in the field of natural science, the scientist suggested that this relationship is natural . (3)<…>He put forward and developed the hypothesis that a sharp increase in solar activity favors that that on Earth in in large numbers "passionaries" are born - people of increased activity that promote social change and guide the historical movement of peoples.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The main discovery of L.N. Gumilyov was that he was the first to see the connection between the active members of society - "passionaries" - and a number of historical events in Eurasia.

2) L.N. Gumilyov drew attention to the fact that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are somehow connected with the cosmic energy of the galaxy.

3) L.N. Gumilyov, putting forward the hypothesis of "passionaries", explained the connection between the cycles of solar activity and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth.

4) The peoples of Eurasia, according to L.N. Gumilyov, owe their historical development first of all, the cycles of solar activity, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers.

5) Studying the features of the historical development of Eurasia, L.N. Gumilyov put forward the hypothesis of "passionaries", according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Answer: 3 5

Task execution algorithm:

1. Highlight in each sentence keywords important for understanding the issue addressed in this text.

2. Determine the causal relationship between the sentences in the text.

3. Shorten the text by crossing out secondary information ( different kind explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).

4. Transmit in one sentence the main information contained in the text.

5. Compare your text compression option (your sentence that conveys its main idea) with the answer options.

Try to concisely retell the text:

Let's compare the retelling with the options:

1. in the first version, emphasis is placed on the connection between active members of society - "passionaries" - and a number of historical events in Eurasia;
2. in the second version there is extra information that social changes and the intensification of ethnic processes on Earth are connected with the cosmic energy of the galaxy;
3. in the third version, the hypothesis of "passionaries" is put forward, the connection between the cycles of solar activity and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth is explained, this is true;
4. in the fourth version, erroneous information is given that the peoples of Eurasia owe their historical development primarily to the cycles of solar activity, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers;
5. in the fifth variant, the hypothesis of "passionaries" is correctly explained, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of the Sun's activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Correct answers - 3 5

2. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

But
because
Meanwhile
However
Furthermore,

Answer: 5

Task execution algorithm:

To correctly determine the word (combination of words) necessary for a given context:

1) Carefully read the test and understand the logic of the author's reasoning.

2) Determine what logical link in the author's reasoning is the sentence with the gap:

Does not indicate the cause of the described phenomena (hence, it is impossible to insert BECAUSE );

It is not an introductory phrase and does not indicate a mention of anything, (therefore, it is impossible to choose the place of the gap in the sense MEANWHILE );

It is used for opposition, emphasizing the contradiction (therefore, it is impossible to insert HOWEVER, BUT, BUT );

Used to indicate special importance subsequent phrase (therefore, in place of the gap in the meaning, you need to choose FURTHERMORE );

3) Perform the substitution, and then reread the resulting version again and make sure that you have correctly established a logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it.

3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word DEVELOP. Determine in what sense this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

DEVELOP- I call, - you call, owls.

1) Strengthen, give something. strengthen, strengthen. R. interest in music.

2) Bring to a certain degree of spiritual maturity, consciousness, culture. R. child. Reading developed it.

3) Distribute, expand, deepen the content or application of something. R. idea. R. argumentation.

4) Do something. on a large scale, with all the energy to deploy sth. R. agitation. R. activity.

Answer: 3.

Task execution algorithm:

1. Read the assignment carefully.

2. Find the specified offer.

3. Include each of the proposed lexical interpretations instead of the word given for analysis.

4. Determine whether the sentence lost or did not lose its semantic integrity during the linguistic experiment:

If the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;

If the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is incorrect.

Word DEVELOP- I call, - you call, owls. used in the sense to spread, expand, deepen the content or application of something.

R. idea. R. argumentation.

4. In which word there is a mistake in setting the stress: INCORRECT is the letter for the stressed vowel highlighted? Write out this word.

adolescence

bleeding

vulgarize

Answer: vulgarize

Task execution algorithm:

It must be remembered: the mobility of Russian stress creates objective difficulties in completing this task, so pay attention to the recommendations and repeat the words from the link.

1. In feminine past tense verbs, the stress, as a rule, falls on the ending A: took, took, took, took, took, poured in, burst in, perceived, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, took, locked, locked, called, lied, lil, poured, lied, tore, called As, poured, narwhal, started, doused, hugged, overtook, skinned, departed, gave away, withdrew, withdrew, poured, called, watered, understood, arrived, tore, took off, created, plucked, removed.

Note:

The exception is feminine past tense verbs with the prefix YOU-, which pulls the stress on itself: poured out, called ;

For verbs to put, sneak, send, send, send, the stress in the feminine form of the past tense DOES NOT fall on the ending A, but remains on the basis: put, stole, sent, sent, sent.

5. In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

The jury reached a guilty verdict in the case.

Experiments have shown that when lightning strikes soil containing silicates and ORGANIC carbon, a ball of silicon and silicon carbide fibers is formed.

“He was a very HIDDEN person who knew how to keep silent,” the writer's contemporaries recalled.

Inside the Soviets, instead of democracy, the dictatorship of the Bolsheviks was established.

I am ready to forgive even cruelty if I see compassion COMING from the one who speaks about it.

Answer: hidden.

Paronyms are single-root words belonging to the same part of speech, similar in sound, but having different lexical meanings: addresser - addressee; ignorant - ignorant; put on - put on, etc.

Members of paronymic pairs

They have different lexical meanings;

Combine with different words.

ACCUSED- participle from ch. accuse, one who is found guilty. Usage examples: accused of stealing, accused of lying, accused of stealing Money accused of a crime, innocently accused, accused of murder.	accusatory- containing an accusation. Usage examples: accusatory speech, guilty verdict, indictment, indictment.
ORGANIC. 1. (special) Belonging to the plant or animal world, relating to living organisms. 2. Concerning the internal structure of a person, his body, his organs. 3. Concerning the very essence of something, root. 4. (trans.) Inherent in someone.	ORGANIC. Having deep roots in a personal or social organism, inherent in someone, something, not accidental, naturally arising from something; integral, inseparable.
SECRETIVE. Not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank. Synonym: closed. Antonyms: frank, sincere. Stealthy: ~th person; ~th person; ~th creature; ~th people; ~th character.	HIDDEN. Secret, not obvious. Antonym: obvious. Hidden: ~th meaning, hint; ~th enmity, irony, pain; ~th excitement, observation; ~th power; ~th temperament; ~th opportunities, reserves, thoughts, intrigues; ~th enemy.
DICTATION(ped.). Written work consisting in writing dictated text. Examples: class, control, visual, difficult, easy dictation	DICTAT- demand, instruction, dictated by one, strong point and imposed for unconditional execution on the other, weak side. Examples: Roman dictate;
INITIAL- initial. Examples: starting point, level of knowledge	OUTGOING is a document flow term. Examples: outgoing number, document

The correct answer is " SECRETIVE”, not inclined to share his thoughts and experiences with others.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

WILL ERASE from the board

sing ZONCHE

in 150 meters

two pairs SOCKS

not SPEECHING not a word

Answer: uttering

Task execution algorithm:

To complete this task, you need a good knowledge of the theory.

1. Formation and use of nominative and genitive cases plural nouns (For most masculine nouns, in initial form ending in a hard consonant ( orange, tomato, fly agaric, computer, sock ), characteristically ending -OV in the genitive plural form: oranges, tomatoes, fly agarics, computers, socks etc).

2. The use of numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred ( The numerals one and a half and one and a half hundred in all indirect cases, except for the accusative, have the form one and a half, one and a half hundred ).

3. Formation and use of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

comparative adjective		Superlatives adjective
Suffixes: -EE, -E, -SHE STRONG HER LOUD E JUNIOR E	MORE LESS MORE PERSISTENT LESS DIFFICULT	Suffixes: -AYSH-, -EYSH- DEEP ASH ii NEZH H ASH ii	MOST MOST LEAST MOST KIND MOST DANGEROUS
Comparative degree of adverb		Superlative adverb
Suffixes -EE, -E, -SHE EXACT HER HIGH E TONSH E	MORE And LESS MORE EXACTLY MORE HIGH MORE THIN		Pronoun ALL + simple form comparative degree MORE PRECISELY ALL HIGHER ALL THINER ALL

The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs differ from each other in terms of syntactic functions in a sentence: the comparative degree of an adjective acts as a predicate of a personal sentence, a definition and, very rarely, a subject; the comparative degree of the adverb is in the role of a circumstance.

There is a mistake in the word " uttering". This is a gerund derived from the verb perfect look. Perfective gerunds are formed by adding the suffix -in- to the basics of the infinitive into a vowel: push - pushing, come - stepping on, see - looking.

We also bring to your attention work program for the TMC Gusarova I.V. (basic and advanced levels) for grades 10-11.

From the fifth grade, you can already take it to work work program for the teaching materials of Albetkova R.I. in Russian literature.

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are made: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

BUT) misuse case form of a noun

with a pretext

B) incorrect sentence construction with adverbial turnover

C) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

D) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

D) violation in the construction of a sentence with homogeneous members

SUGGESTIONS

1) In 1915, Charlie Chaplin participated in the Charlie Chaplin look-alike competition in San Francisco, but he not only did not win, but did not even make it to the final.

2) The student told his teacher that I had not yet prepared for the answer.

3) In Nekrasov's poem " Railway» presents a picture of folk life.

4) Turning back, it seemed to me that the dog was still following me, but there was no one.

5) Many years ago, here, in the very center of the village, there was a wooden church, and everyone who saw it admired the elegance of the building.

6) From June 1, commuter trains will depart according to the summer schedule.

7) The beast carefully made his way along the road leading to the village and along which he had already walked more than once.

8) A group of rescuers advanced towards a group of tourists.

9) All parcels sent abroad undergo strict epidemiological control.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer:

A.8. Errors related to the incorrect use of the CASE FORM of a NOUN WITH A PREPOSITION.

B.4. Errors in the construction of sentences with gerunds.

A sentence is grammatically incorrect in which the action expressed by the verb-predicate and the action expressed by the participle are performed by different persons.

AT 5. Errors associated with a violation of the connection between SUBJECT and PREDICT.

In complex sentences built according to the model " THOSE WHO... », « EVERYONE WHO... ”, with the subject KTO, the verb-predicate is put in the singular, and with the subject TE (ALL), the verb-predicate is used in the plural.

D.2. Errors in the construction of sentences with INDIRECT SPEECH.

When translating direct speech into indirect in the subordinate part, it is unacceptable to use the personal pronoun "I": pronouns and verbs in the form of the first person should be replaced by pronouns and verbs in the form of the third person.

D 7. Errors in the construction of sentences with HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS.

The error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members (Proposition 7) is that different syntactic constructions are included in a number of homogeneous members. Need: either two participial turnovers, or two homogeneous subordinate clauses.

8. Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

note..

friendly .. native (station)

ex..mother

Sat..Register

anal..gyny

Answer: hug

Task execution algorithm:

1) Choose test words for each word, remembering that among them there may be dictionary words, the unstressed vowel in the root of which requires memorization.

If you find words that have a checkable vowel in the root, or dictionary words, you can cross them out, as they will not be the correct answer

2) Read all the words carefully and find among them a word with an alternating vowel in the root:

GAR - GOR; ZAR - ZOR; CLAN - CLONE; TVAR - TVOR; LAG - LODGE; BIR - BER; PIR - PER; DIR - DER; TIR - TER; WORLD - MER; BLIST - SHINE; STEEL - STEL; YIG - ZHEG; CHIT - THUNDER; KAS - KOS A; (I) - MI (IN); RAST - RASH - ROS; SKAK - SKOCCH; MAC - IOC; EQUAL - ROVN; PLAV - PLOV; CHA - CHIN; MY - MIN; ZHA - PRESS; AE - NIM; KLYA - WEDGE.

It should be remembered:

1. Checked unstressed vowels in the root of the word

(in an unstressed position at the root of the word, the same vowel is written as under stress in cognate words or forms of this word: noteworthy - notice; save - carefully; analogous - analogy).

2. Alternating vowels at the root of the word (Hug - hug).

9. Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.

pr .. miracle, pr .. back (interpret)

pr..mazh (with glue), pr..grandfather

not..bendable, ..give

voz..chalk, inter..grovoy

under .. yachiy, about .. ate

Answer: inflexible, surrender

For correct execution assignments you need to know the following spelling rules:

Spelling of invariable prefixes: (always spelled the same. You need to know them “by sight”: in-, in-, vzo-, you-, before-, for-, iso-, on-, over-, it is necessary-, not-, under-, o-, about-, both-, re-, over- , under-, under-, pr-, pre-, pro-, dis-, s-, co- . In the word “smear” (with glue) write the prefix PRO-, and in the word “great-grandfather” - PRA-)

Spelling of variable prefixes ending in -3 and -WITH(the prefix is ​​\u200b\u200bwritten with the letter Z if the root begins with a vowel or voiced consonant, and with the letter C if the root begins with a voiceless consonant (k, p, s, t - the word for remembering "KapuST": without-/bes-, air-/sun- (air-/sun-), from-/is-, down-/nis-, times-/races, roses-/rose-, through/through (through/through) ;

Spelling prefixes PRE- and AT-: (so as not to make a mistake in writing the prefix AT- or PRE- in a word, one should know their meaning. These prefixes are considered semantic, that is, the choice in their spelling is based on the meaning of the prefixes that they contribute to the lexical meaning of the word. So the root of the word "whim" is a morpheme -CHUD-: Quirk-Wonderful-Wonders. ... The semantics (meaning) of the prefix PRI- in the word is unclear, so we remember the spelling of this prefix in this word. And in the word "misinterpret" the choice of prefix depends on lexical meaning the words. Words with prefixes PRE- / PRI-, which are pronounced the same, but have different lexical meanings that determine the choice of prefix: in this case, “false, distorted”, so we choose the prefix PRE-);

Spelling I, Y after prefixes (if the prefix ends in a consonant, then And root changes to S: a game- draw , famous - unknown , story - backstory .

But, after the prefixes of inter-, super- and foreign language prefixes dez-, counter-, post-, sub-, super-, trans-, pan- And it does not change: ultra-refined, inter-institutional, disinfection, counter-play, post-impressionism, trans-Indian, pan-Islamism.

excl.: charge);

Spelling separators Kommersant and b characters (separating Kommersant written only after consonant prefixes before letters e, yo, yu, i, denoting two sounds (the sound [th '] appears): entrance, overeat. Inside the word, before the letters e, yo, i, yu, i(not after the prefix!): curtain, serious, nightingale, blizzard, peasant, clerk (cf. clerk), etc. write b).

In the words "unbending" and "surrender" the prefix is ​​missing WITH-. No prefix Z-. The prefix C- does not change. Formally, the prefix C- is used in combinations Sat, sg, sd, szh, sk, mid.

10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the gap.

koch..vat

suede..out

eclipse

thoughtful .. out

Answer: Thoughtful

This is an adjective, the spelling is in the suffix. Adjective suffixes –LIV-, -CHIV-, are always written with the letter I.

Adjectives have suffixes -A LION-,-CHEV- can not be.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Determine in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.

2) If the vowel is omitted at the end, then use the indefinite form of the verb to establish its conjugation:

vowels are written in the personal endings of the verbs of the first conjugation E, U ;

vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the second conjugation I, A (I) .

3) If the vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:

missing vowel in participle suffixes ush, yusch, ash, yashch, im, eat (om) .

omitted vowel before participle suffix vsh, nn.

4) Spelling participle suffixes ush, yusch, ash, yashch, im, eat (om) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:

In participles formed from verbs of the I conjugation, suffixes are written ush, yusch, em (om) ;

In participles formed from verbs of the II conjugation, suffixes are written ash, ash, im.

5) Vowel spelling before participle suffixes vsh and nn depends on the at - yat or it - et the indefinite form of the original verb ends:

if the original verb ends in at or yat, then before nn in the passive participles of the past tense, the vowel a (ya) is preserved;

if the original verb ends in it or et , then before nn only written e ;

before the suffix vsh the same vowel is retained as before the ending be in an indefinite form.

Help: Put the verb in the 3rd person plural. (THEY do what? THEY do what?) ending -ut-ut - verb 1 conjugation - in the endings you should write a letter E ,

The ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugation - in the endings you should write a letter And .

11. Write down the word in which the letter Y is written in place of the gap.

hopeful

(they) offended..tsya

(patients) recover..t

sealed

(they) sit..t

Answer: offended

This is a verb derived from the verb "OFFEND" relating to the second conjugation. See table:

Conjugation of verbs

II conjugation	I conjugation	Heterogeneous
1) All verbs in -it, Besides shave and lay . 2) and 11 more verbs: Drive, hold breathe, offend. Hear, see, hate. Depend and endure. And also watch, turn . You remember, friends, them on -E- cannot be hidden.	1) all other verbs, except for non-conjugated ones; 2) plus verbs shave and lay	to want, run, honor

12. Define a sentence in which NOT with the word is written CLEARLY.

Open the brackets and write out this word.

We lived in poverty, constantly (NOT) EATING, exchanged for food those things that we brought with us.

My trained gaze determined that the area was (NOT) DIVINED, but I still decided to look for at least some signs of human presence.

It is still far (NOT) CLEAR whether such an evaluation criterion is applicable to everyone and to the same extent.

The zoo accepts (NOT) SOLD-OUT fruits for the New Year, which will be enjoyed by elephants, kangaroos, bears and artiodactyls.

She is an amazing Russian actress, he is an (UN)KNOWN genius teacher, and both are true servants of the theater.

Answer: Undernourished, because.:

UNDER-- a complex prefix indicating incompleteness, lack of action or quality, for example, underdeveloped, underdeveloped, underdeveloped . It consists of two independently used elements: prefixes before- denoting the achievement of the goal, bringing the action to the end ( to eat, to reach, to finish reading, to live ), and particles not-, which negates what "before" means ( miss, miss …).

Verbs with UNDER- The incompleteness of the action, manifested in the absence of a sufficient norm, is connected in verbs

1) with a lack of quantity of something ( underestimate, underestimate underestimate, underestimate ),

2) with a lack of length of something in time ( undersleep, undersleep, undersleep, undersleep ),

3) with an insufficient degree of intensity of action ( overlooked, overlooked, overlooked, overlooked ).

The most numerous is the first group of verbs. Among verbs with UNDER- there are those without NOT not used (n misunderstand, misunderstand, underutilize, underestimate, dislike, underhear, perplex, miss… ) Verbs to harass, to understand, to use up, to underestimate, to love, to hear, to understand, to count ... absent in the language.

It should be remembered that the rules for writing NOT with different parts speeches can be grouped as follows:

		Apart
	If the word without NOT is not used: indignant, indignant, indignant, fiction	If there is a contrast with the union a Not true, but a lie
	If you can replace with synonyms without NOT: not wide - narrow	If at the word with NOT there are words far, at all, not at all, not at all, by no means a beauty
	There is NO preposition between NOT and the pronoun: No one, no one	With verbs and gerunds: didn't know, didn't know
		with prefixes not + before not completed do not watch the movie, do not take home She did not finish and fell silent.
		With short participles: not_ closed
		Pronouns HAVE a preposition With no one, with no one
Exceptions: not in measure, not as an example, not for good, not for haste, not to taste, not within the power, not according to the gut, not from the hand, etc.; b) neither give nor take, neither be nor me, neither here nor there, neither light nor dawn, for nothing not about anything, not a bottom, not a tire, not for a sniff of tobacco, not for a penny, etc. not one (no one) - not one (many), never (never) - more than once (often).

13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are writtenONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

Evidence research (BECAUSE OF preceded by the disclosure of the documents formulating the accusation, and ALSO) discussion of the procedure for examining evidence.

Nihilistic philosophy does not allow any (SUPER)PERSONAL values ​​on which the individual could rely, TO) justify your existence.

(FIRST OF ALL , everything should be fair, so you need to share the booty (EQUALLY .

(DESPITE to the hostility of critics, Turgenev was extremely popular among Russian readers: his novels enjoyed great fame even ( AT FIRST XX century.

The theater was (WHITE) STONE building with a high porch and AS (SAME) tall oak doors.

Answer: superpersonal, to

Adjective " SUPER PERSONAL » is written together, because

The first part of the compound adjective " ABOVE » enters the value of exceeding the usual measure, limit;

Word " TO " is a union, it can be replaced by a synonym.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.

2) Determine which part of speech the underlined word belongs to.

Unions so that, also, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, because are written together; they can be replaced by synonyms of the same part of speech.

Words of other parts of speech similar to these unions in sound what would, the same, the same, for that, at that, at what, and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (or would) can either be removed from the sentence or rearranged to another place; another component ( that, that, than, so, that ) to be replaced with other words.

Derivative prepositions are written together: DUE TO = due to , IN VIEW = due to , ABOUT = about , TOGETHER = to , IN SPITE OF = despite .

Derivative prepositions are written separately: DURING = CONTINUED, IN CONTRAST, FINALLY , FOR .

For continuous, hyphenated or separate spelling of adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.

Derivative prepositions - during E: No news for a year. (time value)

Nouns with prepositions - during And(what?) rivers. She spoke for an hour. See the continuation And(what?) series. In contrast E from others (used with from). As a result E= due to

Nouns with prepositions - go up (refer to the verb),

Climb to the top of the mountain.

Participles with negation

Despite the rain, we left the city (although it was raining). Despite the bad weather, we went hiking.

14. Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is written HH.

The young officers appointed (1) to the regiment were spoiled (2) with a gentle attitude towards them during the training period and completely (3) did not know anything about the true (4) life of ordinary soldiers.

Answer: 1,3,4.

The word "appointed" is a passive past participle should be written HH

1. The word "spoiled" is a short form (except for the masculine form) of an adjective with a qualitative meaning, coinciding in form with the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn

2. The word "True" - HH - because it is formed at the junction of a stem ending in the letter H, and suffix H

Reasoning algorithm:

1 Determine which part of speech the word with the missing letter belongs to;

2.Apply spelling rule H and HH in the suffix of this part of speech.

Noun: NN

1. If the root of the word ends in H , and the suffix starts with H: raspberry(raspberry)

2.If noun. formed from adj., having HH, or from participle: soreness (painful), spoiled (spoiled)

3. Remember: dowry

1. In words formed from nouns that have suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan- : peat bog (from noun peat)

2. In words formed from adj. with one H : student (from adj. scientist), martyr, laborer

3. In words: purple (crimson), hemp (hemp), varenyk (boiled), smoked products (smoked), bone (bone), sophistication (tricky), Shrovetide (oily), fescue (oatmeal), hotel (living room), woodcutter (wood), cleverness (intelligent), great martyr

Adjective:

1. n. -H+ -H -: pocket

2. -HE N- , -ENN- : commission, cranberry! windless

3. exceptions with -YANN-: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN

Youths (young naturalists)

4. -IN- : goose , exception WINDY (day, person)

5. -AN- (-YAN-) : leather Remember: young; crimson, ruddy, zealous, drunken, spicy (historical suf. - YAN- ); lamb, pork, blue, green, uniform, vigorous .

In short adjectives, the same number is written n, how much and in full

foggy distance - foggy distance, windy girl - windy girl

Participles:

Н - НН IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES

1. There is a prefix: sifted flour (except prefix not-)

But: wholemeal flour

1. There is a prefix not-: wholemeal flour

2. No ¬, but there is AP: sifted flour

3. No ¬: seed flour

4. have a suffix -ova-/-eva-: pickles

Exceptions: forged, chewed, pecked (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)

5. Formed from a non-prefixed perfective verb:

A solved problem (to decide - what to do?) But: a wounded soldier, wounded in the leg! Being wounded, the soldier remained in the ranks.

Women immediately hung up what was washed. (Suffering. adverb, since they retain the verbal meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent sign-quality)., windless

Exception: wounded, windy

6. The same words in their direct meaning will be participles: titled play, finished work.

7. When the participle turns into an adjective, it is possible to change the lexical meaning of the word: smart child, uninvited guest, named brother, planted father, dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, finished man.

Exceptions: cutesy, desired, unheard of, unseen, sacred, unexpected, unexpected, unintentional, done, slow, awake, conceited, chased.

8. Spelling does not change as part of compound words: golden-woven, broken-broken, The word everything as a whole matters adj. (high quality), not the value of "adj. + communion.

9. Brief participles: spoiled girl

SHOULD BE DISTINCTIVE

short adjective

The girl is brought up (herself is a short adjective). Can be replaced by a full adjective: educated.

Brief Communion

The girl was brought up in an orphanage (by whom?) - a short adverb. Replaced by the verb: the girl was brought up.

Impl. ? cr. moreover

The matter is considered (what?) from all sides. Thoughtful - predicate.

15. Arrange punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) His relatives and colleagues and numerous friends came to congratulate the hero of the day.

2) The romantic hero finds an equal beginning only in communion with the elements: with the world of the ocean or sea, mountains or coastal rocks.

3) In an excerpt from " Antonovsky apples» Bunin, one feels not so much the desire of the author to be a landowner as the desire to be free from petty affairs.

4) The constant movement of aspiration to other limits is the essence of creative life, and Pasternak wrote about this in one of his poems.

5) In the morning, the east lit up with a blush and small clouds turned into a delicate color.

Answer: 2.3

2-sentence - repeated conjunction OR with homogeneous members.

3rd sentence - union " as much as', which expresses collation under constraint; the same as " not to the extent...". The punctuation mark is placed between the parts of the sentence (before the second part of the union).

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find homogeneous members in the sentence.

2. Determine which unions connect them:

if it is a single connecting or dividing union (and, or, either, yes (= and) , do not put a comma before it;

if it is a double union ( as ..., and; not so much ... as; not only but; though...but ), a comma is placed only before the second part of the double union;

If these are repeated unions, then a comma is placed only before those of them that are between homogeneous members;

A comma is always placed before opposing unions between homogeneous members.

3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are connected in pairs, then a comma is placed between the paired groups and there is only one.

16. Arrange all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Mathematics (1) originated in Ancient Greece (2) has two "parents" - logic and geometry, therefore (3) without understanding (4) the nature of the "parents" (5) its essence cannot be understood.

Answer: a) 1,2 - participle turnover after the word being defined, b)3,4- gerund (single)

Reasoning algorithm:

The participial phrase answers questions which? which? which? what kind?;

The participle answers questions having done what? doing what? And denotes an additional action with a verb - a predicate; adverbial phrase answers questions as? when? why?

* punctuation in participial turnover depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;

* the adverbial turnover is always distinguished in writing by commas;

* Homogeneous definitions and circumstances expressed by participial and adverbial phrases and connected by a single union AND, are not separated by a comma.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Find participial and adverbial phrases in the sentence, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.

2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial turnover occupies ( BEFORE- not separated by commas. AFTER the defined word - highlighted

3) Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members with the union AND, expressed by participial or participial phrases. A comma is not put before the union And.

Difficult cases of punctuation in participles and participles.

	Participial	Participial turnover.
	stands out participial turnover, which has the meaning of reason or concession: Connected with the great poet by cordial friendship, Zhukovsky was very upset by his death (he was worried because he was connected by friendship - the meaning of the reason).	Not highlighted single adverbs after the predicate, if they are circumstances of the mode of action, and also close in function to adverbs: He walked limping. Reading lying down is harmful.
	Not separated by comma homogeneous participle and participle turnovers connected by a single connecting or dividing union: Pletnev's disinterestedness, who worked for the greatness of Russian literature and understood the uniqueness of Pushkin's phenomenon, is striking. They walked, looking around warily and not saying a word.
	Expressions with words are not highlighted STARTING FROM, STARTING FROM(they can be omitted without prejudice to the meaning): We start work STARTING next week. Phraseologisms that include adverbial phrases are not distinguished: They listened to his story WITH HOLDING THE BREATH.

17. Put in all the missing punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in sentences.

Winds (1) winds (2) o snowy (3) winds (4)

Notice my past life.

I want to be a child of light

Or a flower from the meadow border.

I (5) would like (6) under horse snores

Hug with a neighboring bush.

Raise w (7) you (8) moon paws (9)

My sadness in heaven with a bucket.

(S. Yesenin)

Answer: 1,2,4 - this is an appeal

8.9 is an appeal

Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of ​​the syntactic construction. Use the technique of excluding highlighted words.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Check if the highlighted words are introductory.

Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.

Homonymous with the introductory words, the members of the sentence cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic construction; they are not separated by commas.

Remember that words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, after all, in the end, it seems to be, hardly, anyway, after all, even, exactly, sometimes, as it were, besides, only, meanwhile, for sure, extremely, probably, certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, still, therefore, simply, let, decisively, nevertheless, only, supposedly.

18. Arrange all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

It was as if Chekhov did not know how to keep in focus for a long time the pattern of life (1) the essence (2) of which (3) his genius snatched everywhere (4) so ​​he became a master of short stories.

Answer: 1,4 - adnexal clauses are separated

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find the grammatical foundations of the sentence.

2. Define the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.

3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help to identify an incorrectly found solution or, conversely, confirm the correct choice.

Remember! As a rule, complex sentences are presented in this task. with adjectives, in them conjunction word which stands not at the beginning of the subordinate part, but in the middle of it, therefore A comma is not placed before the allied word. (1. Eliminate the numbers around the word "which"

4. Attention to the union And). Determine what it connects: parts of a complex sentence - a comma, homogeneous members of a sentence - no comma.

19. Arrange all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

How nice it is to look at a ship with white sails from afar (1) and (2) when you get into this web of gear (3) from which (4) there is no passage (5) and you see everything from the inside (6) you immediately recognize the superiority of the steamer over the sailboat.

Answer: put commas

3 - the subordinate clause ends, a new one begins

5-between parts of a complex sentence

6-ended clause

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Indicate the grammatical foundations in the sentence.

2. Define the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic construction.

3. See how these parts are connected.

4. Find out if the offer contains Union And , and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:

· if homogeneous members, then there is a comma before it not put;

· if parts of a complex sentence, then in front of him a comma is placed.

5. Find 2 unions side by side: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so that if, and when:

A comma between unions is NOT put if words go further in the sentence then yes, but

A comma is placed between unions, if not THAT, YES, BUT

Read the text and complete tasks 20–24.

(1) The sky was covered with evil clouds, the rain sadly beat on the glass and made me sad. (2) In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, he stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the weeping sky. - (4) What is she? (5) Some kind of book with a mass of pages on which more suffering and grief are written than joys ... (6) Why was it given to us? (7) After all, God, good and omnipotent, did not create the world for sorrows! (8) And it turns out the other way around. (9) There are more tears than laughter ... "

(10) Judas took out right hand out of his pocket and scratched the back of his head.

(11) “Yes,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, venality and shame, but in reality they are. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave rise to this scourge. (14) And for what, one asks, for what?

(15) He took out his left hand and mournfully passed it over his face.

(16) “But how easy it would be to help people's grief: you just have to lift a finger. (17 Here, for example, there is a rich funeral procession. (18) A gear of horses in black blankets carries a magnificent coffin, and a line of carriages rides behind almost a mile away. (19) Torchbearers stand out importantly with lanterns. (20) Cardboard emblems dangle on horses: an important person is being buried, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his whole life? (22) Did you warm the poor? (23) Of course not ... tinsel!

- (24) What do you want, Semyon Ivanovich?

- (25) Yes, I find it difficult to evaluate the costume. (26) In my opinion, you can’t give more than six rubles for it. (27) And she asks for seven; says the kids are sick, they need to be treated.

- (28) And six rubles will be a bit much. (29) Do not give more than five, otherwise we will burn out like that. (30) Just take a good look around, if there are any holes and if there are spots left where ... (31) “Well, sir, so here it is - life that makes you think about human nature. (32) Behind a rich hearse stretches a cart, onto which a pine coffin is piled. (33) Behind her weaving, slapping through the mud, only one old woman. (34) This old woman, perhaps, is putting her breadwinner son in the grave ... (35) And ask if that lady who is sitting in the carriage will give her at least a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t, although he may express his condolences ... (37) What else is there?

- (38) The old woman brought a fur coat ... how much to give?

- (39) Rabbit fur ... (40) Nothing, strong, it costs five rubles. (41) Give me three rubles, and the interest, of course, is forward ... (42) “Where, in fact, are people, where are their hearts? (43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t care ... "

(44) Judas pressed his forehead against the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

(according to A.P. Chekhov*)

* Alexander Pavlovich Chekhov (1855–1913) - Russian writer, prose writer, publicist, older brother of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.

20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.

1) Polikarp Semenovich Iudin - one of the ordinary employees of the city pawnshop.

2) The woman who took the suit to the pawnshop had sick children.

3) In the city pawnshop of Judah, interest is taken forward.

4) The owner of the city pawnshop is worried about the fate of the people, so he is ready to do charity work.

5) One old woman went to a pawnshop to hand over a hare coat, as she was very poor and she needed money for a funeral.

To complete the task, use the following algorithm:

Read the text carefully

Find in it a confirmation or refutation of a particular statement

・Choose the correct answers

Consider how you can apply this algorithm to perform this task.

The first answer is unfaithful, because Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is the owner of the city pawnshop (offer No. 2)

The assertion made in the fourth variant of the answer, is directly opposite to what the author says in the text itself. So this answer wrong.

In the fifth version the answer contains only part of the correct information (the old woman was poor), but she did not need money for the funeral

So answer number 5 is also incorrect.

Statement No. 2 is correct: “He says that the kids are sick, they need to be treated” (sentence 27). This is loyal answer.

Statement No. 3 is correct: “Give me three rubles, and the interest, of course, is forward ...” (sentence No. 41). This loyal answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 2.3

21. Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

2) Sentences 11-14 present the narrative.

3) Proposition 23 contains the answer to the question formulated

in sentences 21–22.

4) Sentences 34–36 present reasoning

5) Sentence 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

Task execution algorithm:

Read carefully the suggested passages;

Remember that the description shows, describes.

Varieties of description:

1) description of an object, person (his characteristic)

2) description of the place

3) description of the state of the environment

4) description of the state of the person (person)

5) description of actions

The story tells about the actions, deeds of the hero. We can trace a series of events that follow each other (was, is, will be).

reasoning is built according to the scheme: thesis, proof, conclusion.

Attention! Not always in the passage there is a pronounced thesis. But if there is an explanation, a discussion of any event, phenomenon, then this discussion, not storytelling. The presence of rhetorical questions and rhetorical exclamations, introductory words will tell you that this is reasoning.

Determine what type of speech each fragment belongs to

Let's try to apply this algorithm.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

“In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, he stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin.”

The fragment describes the pose, clothing. We "see" this hero.

So this correct answer

2) Sentences 11-14 present the narrative.

(11) “Well, yes,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, venality and shame, but in reality they are. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave rise to this scourge. (14) And for what, one asks, for what?

This answer incorrect. In this passage, the hero talks about the universe, poverty, humanity. He has introductory word, rhetorical question. So, uh then reasoning.

3) Proposition 23 contains the answer to the question formulated in Propositions 21-22.

(21) Has he done at least one good deed in his whole life? (22) Did you warm the poor? (23) Of course not ... tinsel! Question, question and answer. This is correct answer.

4) Sentences 34–36 present reasoning.

(34) This old woman, perhaps, is putting her son-breadwinner in the grave ... (35) And ask if that lady who is sitting in the carriage will give her at least a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t, although he may express his condolences ...

This is the correct answer. The hero talks about kindness, condolences. We observe in this fragment introductory words, a rhetorical question.

5) Sentence 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

(44) Judas pressed his forehead against the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

A series of actions: he pressed his forehead, thought, tears came out. So this answer incorrect, This narration.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 134

22. From sentences 39–45 write out antonyms (antonymic pair).

Task execution algorithm:

1. Remember what antonyms are.

Antonyms are words belonging to the same part of speech, differing in spelling and sound, and meaning directly opposite concepts.

Do not forget about contextual antonyms, which are an individual stylistic use of a particular word ... In general use, these words do not stand in antonymous relations to each other. So, in the context of A. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin", the words "wave" and "stone", "poetry" and "prose", "ice" and "flame" are antonyms..

3. Determine the specified lexical unit

4. Choose the correct answer

(43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t care ... "

These are nouns with the opposite lexical meaning.

Therefore, we write out: the poor, the rich

23. Among sentences 15-23, find one (s) that is (s) connected with the previous one using a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this offer(s).

Reasoning algorithm:

Recall what conjunctions are (coordinating and subordinating)

1. Find a coordinating union

2. Remember the ranks of pronouns

3. Find a personal pronoun

4. See which sentence has both a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun

Coordinating conjunctions

Connecting and, yes(=and), no-no, too, also

opposing but, but, yes (= but), but, however, the same

Dividing or, either, something, or ... or, not that ... not that

Personal pronouns (initial form)

	Unit hours / many h.
	he, she, it/they

Case forms

			He she it
			Him, her, him
			Him, her, him
			Him, her, him
			Him, her, them
			About him, about her, about him

Attention! Case forms of personal pronouns HER, HIS, THEM match with possessive pronouns HER, HIS, THEM. How to distinguish?

By initial form and question:

saw (who?) her, him, them .

Initial form: she, he, it, they.

Therefore, it is a personal pronoun.

Her, him, them books (R. p.).

Initial form: her, him, them books.

Books (whose?) her, him, them.

Therefore, they are possessive pronouns.

(20) Cardboard emblems dangle on horses: an important person is being buried, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his whole life?

24. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while doing tasks 20-23. This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps (A, B, C, D) with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write in the table under each letter the corresponding number

Chekhov's stories are compact in form and deep in content, and the author avoids direct value judgments - his voice sounds low, but at the same time firm and distinct. This is facilitated by a complex composition and, of course, competent selection pictorial and expressive funds. In the presented fragment, it is worth noting the trope - (A) __________ (“evil clouds” in sentence 1, “gloomy street” in sentence 2), the lexical means - (B) __________ (“hang out” in sentence 20, “burn out” in sentence 29 , “weaves, spanking ...” in sentence 33), the syntactic means is (B) __________ (sentences 3, 14, 21). It is worth paying attention to such a technique as (D) __________ (sentence 11), which becomes, perhaps, one of the main ones in the construction of this text.

List of terms

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

Reasoning algorithm:

We divide all terms into 3 groups

There is a hint in the first question:mark trail.

trails - words and expressions used by the author of the text in a figurative sense.

We recall the tropes: personification, epithet, comparison, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, litote, irony, paraphrase.

We look at which of them are in the list of terms: epithet, synecdoche, hyperbole - this is first group

We recall the definitions: Hyperbole is an excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object. Synecdoche is a kind of metonymy when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa. An epithet is a figurative, emotionally evaluative definition.

Hyperbole and synecdoche do not fit.

« Evil clouds», « gloomy street"- this is a figurative, emotional-evaluative definition, expressed by an adjective.

Therefore, this epithet.

In the second task, we are talking about lexical means.

We add to our list: synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, neologisms, archaisms, historicisms, phraseological units, aphorisms, dialectisms, professionalisms, colloquial vocabulary.

The list of terms includes: Phraseologisms - a stable combination of words, the meaning of which is determined as a whole, and not by the meaning of the individual words included in it.

Colloquial vocabulary gives speech the character of ease and some reduction (rudeness, familiarity, playfulness).

Phraseological units and colloquial vocabulary are second group

• The words “hang out”, “burn out”, “weaves, spanking ...” refer to colloquial vocabulary.

Therefore, the answer is: #4

In task "B" they ask about the syntactic means.

• We recall the syntactic means of expression, and look at what are in the list of terms:

antithesis, inversion, gradation, oxymoron, parcellation, anaphora, epiphora, rhetorical question, interrogative sentences, rhetorical appeal, ellipsis, lexical repetition, question-answer form, syntactic parallelism, homogeneous members of a sentence.

• The list of terms includes:

Antithesis - a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images.

Interrogative sentences - a question that is posed in order to obtain an answer.

Lexical repetition is the intentional repetition of the same word or phrase.

Homogeneous members of the sentence - enumerated actions, objects, signs.

Antithesis, interrogative sentences, lexical repetition. homogeneous members of the proposal - this is the third group.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the weeping sky. - (4) What is she? (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his whole life?

These are interrogative sentences.

Hence, answer #6

Task "G" I propose to perform by the method of elimination.

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

5) rows of homogeneous members of the proposal

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

(11) “Well, yes,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, venality and shame, but in reality they are.

The text is built on opposition. The thoughts and deeds of the hero of the story are contrasted.

Therefore, answer "No. 2

We fill in the table: A- 3, B- 4, C- 6, D- 2

25. Write an essay based on the text you read.

State one of the problems delivered the author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in the comment two illustration examples from the read text that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid over-quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the original text without any

Handbook for preparing for the exam

Reference information for all tasks: 1 - 26. If you don’t know something, don’t remember, don’t understand, you are here. Simple, accessible, lots of examples.

Collection of practice tests: 1 - 24

Practice tests with answers to all tasks

"USE-navigator"

Interactive preparation course for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language. 26 sections. Individual achievement statistics. Options are formed for each person personally during new visits. Fully complies with the new format of the exam.

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"USE-responder"

Who is interested in training USE options in Russian with answers and comments? Our new series "Unified State Examination" is for you.

Collection of essays on the Russian language (task 26)

It is easier to learn how to write essays from the source text if you know exactly what the requirements of the exam are for task 26 in the Russian language. Analysis of the work of graduates shows typical mistakes and shortcomings.

Final winter essay

All about graduation essay. Concept. Criteria for testing at school. Evaluation criteria in universities. Work samples.

Workshop on orthoepy

Nouns from the FIPI list. How to remember them? Intensive training in an interactive form will help

Helpful information

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useless information

Even during difficult or serious work, you can find a reason to joke. Section for those who want to relax a bit

Self defense. If an appeal is needed

It is better not to tune in to the appeal in advance. There is such a life pattern: often people attract situations that they think too much about. The situation of filing an appeal is not the most pleasant. I wish you could avoid it. But if an appeal is unavoidable, it's best to know how to file it.
Therefore, I consider it important to talk about this topic.

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On the site you can find options for trial tests for various subjects, such as: mathematics, social studies, literature, history, chemistry, physics, biology, geography, computer science, Russian, English and Spanish. Such a test as the GIA and the Unified State Examination is very serious for students, and therefore, preparation for them is very important. The best way to prepare for such tests is to pass tests on this site. Mock tests consist of sequential questions and answer options. After passing the test, you will be presented with the correct answers and the mistakes that you made, this will give you the opportunity to test your strength and knowledge and practice before the exam.

Advantages and disadvantages of online USE tests

There are many options for preparing for exams, and one of them is online tests. Of course, the essence of the tasks presented at the exam is different from those presented on our website, but the format is preserved and this will help you practice. When a student analyzes his mistakes or understands what questions he has problems with, then he is given the opportunity to practice and study the subject in more depth in order to get a high score. Having studied the statistics, we can say that after passing the training tests, the level of knowledge and grades in the lessons improve. After the preliminary passing of the tests, the child adapts much faster and performs tasks better.

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The need to prepare for the exam

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