Many different independent sources write about the awards of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. And, oddly enough, each source names a different number of orders and medals. It just seems that the periodicals set themselves the goal of denigrating and trampling this lover of medals into the dirt, but do not set themselves the goal of calculating how many awards there were, in fact.
In some articles there were mentions of more than 200 awards of the Secretary General, someone wrote that he was awarded all the awards of the USSR, except for a set of Mother Heroine awards.
Conventionally, the awards of Leonid Ilyich would be better divided into 3 categories: received for the war, received in the period between the end of the war and ascension to the post of Secretary General, received at the post of Secretary General. So let's start counting.
Military awards of Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev:
1. Order of the Red Star
2. Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, 2nd class.
3. Order of the Red Banner - 2 pcs.
4. order Patriotic War 1 step.
5. medal "For Military Merit"
6. medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus"
7. honorary weapon - inscribed Mauser (awarded in 1943)
From the above list it can be seen that the number of awards from Leonid Brezhnev is more than modest. Only 5 orders (including 2 orders of the Red Banner) and 2 medals.
After L.I. Brezhnev took the post of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1964, the flow of awards from him increased significantly. From the end of the war to the post of General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Leonid Brezhnev earned the following awards:
1. Hero of Socialist Labor under No. 9995 with the award of the Order of Lenin under No. 344996 (Decree of the USSR PVS of 06/17/1961)
2. Order of Lenin - 3 pcs.
3. medal "For the defense of Odessa"
4. medal "For the capture of Warsaw"
5. medal "For the capture of Vienna"
6. medal "For valiant labor in the Second World War 1941-1945"
7. medal "For the victory over Germany 1941-1945"
8. medal "For the restoration of ferrous metallurgy enterprises of the south" (1951)
9. medal "For the development of virgin lands" (1956)
10. medal "In memory of the 250th anniversary of Leningrad" (1957)
11. medal "40 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (1957)
So, it is clear that from the moment the war ended until the beginning of 1964, when L.I. Brezhnev took the highest post in the country of awards, he significantly increased. The output is like this:
Orders - 4 pcs. (4 orders of Lenin)
Medals - 10 pcs. (including the medal of the Hero of Socialist Labor)
In 1964 L.I. Brezhnev takes an active part in the removal of N.S. Khrushchev, the then leader of the country and heads the secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPSU. During this period, and until his death in 1982, a real stream of awards fell on him.
1. medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" (1965)
2. medal "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union under No. 11230 with the award of the Order of Lenin under No. 382246 (Decree of the USSR PVS of 12/18/1966)
3. Order of the October Revolution - 2 pcs. (1967)
4. medal "50 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (1967)
5. medal “For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1969)
6. medal "30 years of victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" (1975)
7. medal "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union under No. 97 with the award of the Order of Lenin under No. 425869 (Decree of the USSR PVS of 12/18/1976)
8. honorary weapon - a nominal checker with a golden image of the State Emblem of the USSR (12/18/1976)
9. medal "60 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (1977)
10. medal "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union under No. 5 with the award of the Order of Lenin under No. 432408 (Decree of the USSR PVS of 12/19/1978)
11. Order "Victory" (Decree of the PVS of the USSR on February 20, 1978).
12. Medal of the laureate of the All-Union Lenin Prize (04/20/1979)
13. medal "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union under No. 2 with the award of the Order of Lenin under No. 458500 (Decree of the USSR PVS of 12/18/1981)
14. medal "In memory of the 1500th anniversary of Kyiv" (1982)
In total, the Secretary General earned over the years of his reign - 6 orders and 11 medals (including 4 medals of the Hero of the Soviet Union)
As you can see, from the above count, the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee has only 16 orders and 23 medals. Some sources give just such a figure, with the difference that there are 22 medals in their list. Since the sign of the All-Union Lenin Prize winner is also a prize medal, we will not include it. Let there be 22 medals.
The same "authoritative" sources claim that Brezhnev had 71 awards from foreign countries (42 orders and 29 medals). Let's try to calculate the actual number of his awards. For greater clarity, we will compile this list by country in alphabetical order.
Argentina:
Order of the May Revolution 1st class (1974)
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA):
Order of the Sun of Freedom (1981)
People's Republic of Bulgaria (NRB):
Gold Star Hero of the NRB - 3 awards (1973, 1976, 1981)
Order of Georgy Dimitrov - 3 awards (1973, 1976, 1981)
medal "100 years of the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman yoke" (1978)
medal "30 years of the Socialist Revolution in Bulgaria" (1974)
medal "90th anniversary of the birth of G. Dimitrov" (1974)
medal "100 years since the birth of G. Dimitrov" (1982)
Hungarian People's Republic (HPR):
Order of the Banner of Hungary with diamonds - 2 awards (1976, 1981)
honorary veteran of the Krasny Chepel plant
Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV):
Gold medal of the Hero of Labor of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1982)
Order of Ho Chi Minh 1st class (1982)
Order of the Golden Star (1980)
Republic of Guinea:
Order of Independence (1961)
German Democratic Republic (GDR):
Gold Star of the Hero of the GDR - 3 awards (1976, 1979, 1981)
Order of Karl Marx - 3 awards (1974, 1979, 1981)
order "Big Star of Friendship of Peoples" with diamonds (1976)
medal "For Merit in Strengthening the GDR" (1979)
Indonesia:
star and badge of the Order of the Star of Indonesia, 1st class - 2 awards (1961, 1976)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (PRC):
Order of the State Banner of the 1st degree (1976)
Republic of Cuba:
Gold Star of the Hero of Cuba (1981)
Order of José Marti (1974)
Order of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes (1981)
order "Playa Giron" (1976)
medal "20 years of the assault on the barracks of Moncada" (1973)
medal "20 years of the Revolutionary Armed Forces" (1976)
Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR):
Gold Star of the Hero of the Lao PDR (1981)
Gold Medal of the Nation (1982)
Mongolian People's Republic (MPR):
Gold Star of the Hero of the MPR (1976)
Gold Star of the Hero of Labor of the MPR (1981)
Order of Sukhbaatar - 4 awards (1966, 1971, 1976, 1981)
medal "30 years of Victory at Khalkhin Gol" (1969)
medal "40 years of Victory at Khalkhin Gol" (1979)
medal "50 years of the Mongolian People's Revolution" (1971)
medal "50 years of the Mongolian People's Army" (1971)
medal "30 years of Victory over Japan" (1975)
Republic of Peru:
Order of the Sun of Peru, 1st class (1978)
Polish People's Republic:
Grand Cross of the Order "Virtuti Militari" (21 July 1974)
Grand Cross of the Order of the Rebirth of Poland, 1st class (1976)
star and badge of the Order of Merit of Poland, 1st class (1981)
Cross of Grunwald, 2nd class (1946)
medal "For the Oder, Neisse, Baltic" (1946)
medal "Victory and Freedom" (1946)
Honorary metallurgist of the plant "Guta-Warsaw"
Honorary Builder of the Katowice Iron and Steel Works (1976)
Socialist Republic of Romania:
Order of the Star of Romania, 1st class (1976)
Order "Victory of Socialism" (1981)
Finland:
star and badge of the Order of the White Rose 1st class (1976)
Order of the White Rose with chain (1976)
Czechoslovak People's Republic:
Gold Star of the Hero of Czechoslovakia - 3 awards (05/05/1970, 10/26/1976, 12/16/1981)
Order of Klement Gottwald - 4 awards (1970, 1976, 1978, 1981)
Order of the White Lion "For Victory", 1st class (1946)
star and badge of the Order of the White Lion with chain (1973)
Military Cross 1939 - 2 awards (1945, 1947)
medal "For bravery before the enemy" (1945)
Military commemorative medal (1946)
Dukel Commemorative Medal (1960)
medal "20 years of the Slovak National Uprising" (1964)
medal "50 years of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia" (1971)
medal "30 years of the Slovak National Uprising" (1975)
medal "For strengthening friendship in arms" 1st degree (1980)
Socialist Ethiopia:
Order of the Star of Honor (1980)
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia:
Order of the Star of Yugoslavia, 1st class (1962)
Order of Liberty (1976)
As a result, such a picture is obtained. L.I. Brezhnev had 44 orders, 22 medals and 14 Gold Stars of foreign states. The total amount is exactly 80 awards.
The following should be added to this list:
Marshal's Star with the rank of General of the Army
Marshal star with the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union (05/07/1976)
Prizes and other awards L.I. Brezhnev:
medal of the laureate of the International Lenin Prize "For the strengthening of peace between peoples" (06/12/1973)
F. Joliot-Curie Gold Medal of Peace (11/14/1975, from the World Peace Council)
O. Gan UN Peace Gold Medal (1977)
medal of the laureate of the G. Dimitrov Prize (23.11.1978)
Medal of the laureate of the All-Union Lenin Prize (04/20/1979)
Gold medal of the International Prize for Peace "Golden Mercury"
Karl Marx Gold Medal (1977, from the Academy of Sciences of the USSR)
badge "50 years of being in the CPSU" (from the Central Committee of the CPSU)
Gold medal of the World Federation of Trade Unions (15.02.1982)
Honorary titles:
Honorary citizen of the city of Dnepropetrovsk (21.08.1979);
Honorary Citizen of Tbilisi (05/21/1981);
Honorary cadet of the 1st tank company of the armored school of the Trans-Baikal Military District (12/17/1981);
Honorary citizen of Kyiv (26.04.1982);
Honorary Citizen of Baku (09/24/1982);
After the death of the Secretary General, his awards were handed over to the order storeroom of the Presidium Supreme Council THE USSR. According to the inventory, the following number of awards were handed over:
five Gold Star Heroes,
16 orders of the USSR
18 medals of the USSR,
two marshal's stars with diamonds - a general of the army and a marshal of the Soviet Union, an honorary weapon with a golden image of the State Emblem of the USSR,
42 orders and 29 medals of foreign states.
Now let's calculate.
5 Gold Stars of the Hero were handed over (4 Stars of the Hero of the USSR and 1 Hero of Socialist Labor). Quantity matches.
16 orders of the USSR - coincides with the number of awards presented
18 medals of the USSR - in total, Brezhnev had 22 medals. What 4 medals did not pass relatives?
Two marshal stars - the same (stars of the army general and Marshal of the Soviet Union)
An honorary weapon - there is a personalized saber, but there is no award Mauser, which Leonid Ilyich received in 1943. Maybe he handed it over immediately after the war, or maybe his relatives left it as a keepsake. It's not clear yet.
42 orders and 29 medals of foreign states. The result is 71 surrendered awards. I counted 80. Something was taken away from Brezhnev after his death. Order "Victory" 21.09.1989 and Grand Cross of the Order "Virtuti Militari" 10 July 1990
If we count all the awards that the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich had, we get the following figure. USSR awards - 38 awards; awards of foreign states - 80 awards; awards - 8 awards; badge "50 years of being in the CPSU" - 1 award; Marshal's Stars - 2 awards; honorary weapons - 2 awards. The total number of awards is 131 units.
True, 2 awards were canceled after death, so at the moment the number of awards will be 129 units.
So the rumors about allegedly 200 orders and medals have no real basis, although the true number of awards is very close to the indicated number.
| Monument in Novorossiysk | ||
| Bronze bust in Dneprodzerzhinsk | ||
| In Moscow, on the grave near the Kremlin wall | ||
| Bust in Moscow | ||
| Bust in Vladimir | ||
| Near the Kremlin wall (view 2) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Dneprodzerzhinsk | ||
| Memorial plaque in Dnepropetrovsk | ||
| Memorial plaque in Moscow (old) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Dneprodzerzhinsk (2) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Dneprodzerzhinsk (3) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Dneprodzerzhinsk(4) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Moscow (new) | ||
| Memorial plaque in Kursk |
Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich - General Secretary of the Central Committee Communist Party Soviet Union, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Marshal of the Soviet Union.
Born on December 6 (19), 1906 in the village of Kamenskoye, Yekaterinoslav district, Yekaterinoslav province, now the city of Kamenskoye (in 1936-2016 - Dneprodzerzhinsk) of the Dnepropetrovsk region of Ukraine, in the family of a metallurgist worker. Russian. From the age of 15 he began his working life. After graduating from the Kursk land management and reclamation technical school in 1927, he worked as a land surveyor in the Kokhanovsky district of the Orsha district of Belarus, in the Kursk province and in the Urals - head of the district land department and deputy chairman of the executive committee of Bisertsky district council, First Deputy Head of the Ural Regional Land Administration. In 1923 he joined the Komsomol. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1931. After graduating from the Dneprodzerzhinsk Metallurgical Institute in 1935, he worked as an engineer at the Dneprodzerzhinsk Metallurgical Plant.
In October 1935 - October 1936, L.I. Brezhnev passed the actual military service: cadet of the Trans-Baikal armored school, political instructor of the tank company of the 14th mechanized corps in the Trans-Baikal military district.
From October 1936 to May 1937 he worked as the director of the Dneprodzerzhinsk Metallurgical College. In May 1937, L.I. Brezhnev was elected deputy chairman of the executive committee of the Dneprodzerzhinsk City Council for construction and municipal services. Since May 1938 - head of the department of Soviet trade, and since February 1939 - secretary for propaganda of the Dnepropetrovsk regional committee of the CP (b) of Ukraine.
From the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, L.I. Brezhnev - in the army, sent to political work. Deputy Head of the Political Department of the Southern Front (06.28.1941-16.09.1942), Deputy Head of the Political Department of the Black Sea Group of Forces (10.08.1942-1.04.1943), Head of the Political Department of the 18th Army (1.04.1943-9.05.1944), Deputy Head of the Political Department 4th Ukrainian Front (05/09/1944-05/12/1945), head of the political department of the 4th Ukrainian Front (05/12/1945-07/09/1945). He did a lot of organizational and political work directly in formations, units and subunits to mobilize personnel to solve combat missions.
At the Victory Parade on Red Square in Moscow on June 24, 1945, Major General Brezhnev L.I. took part as a commissar of the combined regiment of the 4th Ukrainian Front (commander of the combined regiment - Guard Lieutenant General, Hero of the Soviet Union A.L. Bondarev). Initially, he continued to serve in the Red Army: head of the political department of the Carpathian military district (07/09/1945-07/18/1946). July 18, 1946 transferred to the reserve.
From August 30, 1946, L.I. Brezhnev - 1st secretary of Zaporozhye, from November 22, 1947 - 1st secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. From June 26, 1950 - 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Moldova. From October 25, 1952 to March 5, 1953 - Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
From August 1953 - again on military service. From March 5 to May 21, 1953 Brezhnev L.I. - Head of the political department of the Naval Ministry of the USSR. From May 21, 1953 to February 27, 1954 - Deputy Head of the Main Political Directorate Soviet army and the Navy. Since February 1954 - in reserve.
From February 6, 1954 - 2nd, and from August 6, 1955 - 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. Since March 6, 1956, Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and candidate member of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee. From June 29, 1957 - Member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU. During this period, on behalf of the Central Committee, he dealt with the development of heavy industry and construction, the development and production of the latest military equipment and weapons, equipping the Soviet Armed Forces with them, and the development of astronautics.
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 17, 1961 "for outstanding services in the creation of samples of rocket technology and ensuring the successful flight of a Soviet man in space" Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
From May 7, 1960 to July 15, 1964, L.I. Brezhnev - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Simultaneously with June 22, 1963 - Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
At the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU on October 14, 1964, L.I. Brezhnev was elected First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and approved as Chairman of the Bureau of the CPSU Central Committee for the RSFSR.
Since April 8, 1966, L.I. Brezhnev - General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, simultaneously from June 16, 1977 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 18, 1966 "for outstanding services to the Communist Party and the Soviet state in communist construction, in strengthening the country's defense capability and great services in the fight against the Nazi invaders at the front during the Great Patriotic War in connection with the 60 birthday anniversary" Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 18, 1976 "for outstanding services to the Communist Party and the Soviet state in communist construction, active, fruitful work to strengthen peace and security of peoples, for a great personal contribution to the victory over the Nazi invaders in the Great Patriotic War war, in strengthening the economic and defense power of the Soviet Union and in connection with the 70th anniversary of his birth, "Marshal of the Soviet Union was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second Gold Star medal.
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 19, 1978 "for outstanding services to the Communist Party and the Soviet state in strengthening the economic and defense might of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War and in the post-war period, for tireless work in the struggle for peace and in connection with the day birth" was awarded the Order of Lenin and the third medal "Gold Star".
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 18, 1981 "for outstanding services to the Communist Party and the Soviet state in strengthening the economic and defense power of the Soviet Union, a great personal contribution to achieving victory over the Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War, restoration and further development of the national economy of the USSR in the post-war period, tireless activity in the struggle for peace, for the fruitful leadership of communist construction and in connection with the 75th anniversary of his birth "was awarded the Order of Lenin and the fourth Gold Star medal.
L.I. Brezhnev L.I. was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 3rd-10th convocations (1950-1982).
L.I. Brezhnev died on November 10, 1982. Buried in Moscow on Red Square Kremlin wall. There is a granite bust on the grave.
Military ranks:
Brigadier Commissar (June 1941)
colonel (12/15/1942),
major general (2.11.1944),
lieutenant general (08/04/1953),
army general (03/22/1974),
Marshal of the Soviet Union (05/07/1976).He was awarded eight Orders of Lenin, two Orders of the October Revolution, two Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of Bogdan Khmelnitsky 2nd Class, Orders of the Patriotic War 1st Class, Red Star, medals, numerous foreign orders. Honorary citizen of the city of Dnepropetrovsk (1979).
On February 20, 1978, he was awarded the highest Soviet military order "Victory", but the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, by its Decree of September 21, 1989, canceled the Decree of 1978 on awarding Leonid Brezhnev. order "Victory", as contrary to the statute of this order.
He was awarded the international Lenin Prize "For Strengthening Peace Among Nations" (1973), the Lenin Prize for Literature (1979).
Bronze bust of L.I. Brezhneva L.I. installed in the city of Dneprodzerzhinsk. On September 16, 2004, a monument to L.I. Brezhnev. Monuments have also been erected in Moscow and Vladimir. Name L.I. Brezhnev from 1982 to 1988 wore the city of Naberezhnye Chelny (Tatar ASSR), areas in Moscow and Dneprodzerzhinsk. His name was given to the Oskol Electrometallurgical Plant, the production association "Southern machine building plant", Novorossiysk cement plant, Volgodonsk production association "Atommash". All names were canceled in 1988. In Moscow, on the house in which he lived, and in Kursk, on the building in which he studied, memorial plaques were installed.
Compositions:
Leninsky course: Speeches and articles. T. 1-9. M., 1973-1983;
Memories. M., 1983.
A complete list of L.I. Brezhnev.
State awards of the USSR:
4 medals "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union (12/18/1966 - No. 11320, 12/18/1976 - No. 97 / II, 12/19/1978 - No. 5 / III, 12/18/1981 - No. 2 / IV)
Hammer and Sickle Medal of the Hero of Socialist Labor (06/17/1961)
8 orders of Lenin (2.12.1947 - No. 66231, 18.12.1956 - No. 281153, 17.06.1961 - No. 344996, 18.12.1966 - No. 382246, 2.10.1971 - No. 401096, 19.12.1976 - No. 425.62 No. 432408, 12/18/1981 - No. 458500)
Order "Victory" (02/20/1978 - No. 20), the award was canceled by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on 09/21/1989
2 orders of the October Revolution (03/14/1979 - No. 58256, 12/18/1980 - No. 87064)
2 orders of the Red Banner (03/27/1942 - No. 23636, 05/29/1944 - No. 8148/2)
Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, 2nd class (05/23/1945 - No. 1182)
Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class (09/18/1943 - No. 11025)
Order of the Red Star (03/16/1943 - No. 102567)
medal "For Military Merit"
Medal "For the Defense of Odessa"
Medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus"
medal "For the liberation of Warsaw"
Medal "For the Capture of Vienna"
Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
medal "For the restoration of ferrous metallurgy enterprises of the south" medal "For the development of virgin lands"
medal "In memory of the 250th anniversary of Leningrad"
medal "In memory of the 1500th anniversary of Kyiv"
medal "40 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
medal "50 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
medal "60 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
Medal "For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin"
Medal of the laureate of the Lenin Prize (20.04.1979)
Honorary weapon - personalized checker with a golden image of the State Emblem of the USSR (12/18/1976)Foreign awards:
Argentina Award:
Order of the May Revolution 1st class (1974)
Award of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan:
Order of the Sun of Freedom (12/16/1981)
Awards of the People's Republic of Bulgaria:
3 Gold Stars of the Hero of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (8.09.1973, 12.1976, 12.1981)
3 Orders of Georgy Dimitrov (09/08/1973, 12/1976, 12/1981)
medal "100 years of the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman yoke" (1978)
medal "30 years of the Socialist Revolution in Bulgaria" (1974)
medal "90th anniversary of the birth of G. Dimitrov" (1974)
medal "100 years since the birth of G. Dimitrov" (1982)
Awards of the Hungarian People's Republic:
2 Orders of the Banner of Hungary with diamonds (12/17/1976, 12/18/1981)
Awards of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam:
Gold Medal of the Hero of Labor of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (12/21/1981)
Order of Ho Chi Minh 1st degree (12/21/1981)
Order of the Golden Star (07.1980)
Award of the Republic of Guinea:
Order of Independence (02.1961)
Awards of the German Democratic Republic:
3 Gold Stars of the Hero of the German Democratic Republic (12/13/1976, 12/18/1979, 12/18/1981)
3 Orders of Karl Marx (10/1974, 12/18/1979, 12/18/1981)
Big Star of the Order of Friendship of Peoples with diamonds (12/13/1976)
medal "For Merit in Strengthening the GDR" (1979)
Indonesian awards:
2 stars and badge of the Order of the Star of Indonesia, 1st class (1961, 1976)
Award of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen:
Order of the Revolution October 14 (09.1982)
Award of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea:
Order of the State Banner of the 1st degree (19.08.1982)
Awards of the Republic of Cuba:
Gold Star of the Hero of Cuba (12/15/1981)
Order of José Marti (01/29/1974)
Order of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes (12/15/1981)
Order of Playa Giron (12/15/1976)
medal "20 years of the assault on the barracks of Moncada" (1973)
medal "20 years of the Revolutionary Armed Forces" (1976)
Awards of the Lao People's Democratic Republic:
Gold Star of the Hero of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (12/15/1981)
Gold Medal of the Nation (12/15/1981)
Awards of the Mongolian People's Republic:
2 Gold Stars of the Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic (12/14/1976, 12/1981)
4 Orders of Sukhbaatar (1966, 1971, 12/14/1976, 12/1981)
medal "30 years of Victory at Khalkhin Gol" (1969)
medal "40 years of Victory at Khalkhin Gol" (1979)
medal "50 years of the Mongolian People's Revolution" (1971)
medal "50 years of the Mongolian People's Army" (1971)
medal "30 years of Victory over Japan" (1975)
Republic of Peru Award:
Order of the Sun of Peru, 1st class (06.1978)
Awards of the Polish People's Republic:
Grand Cross of the Virtuti Militari Order (07/21/1974, award canceled 07/10/1990)
Grand Cross of the Order of the Rebirth of Poland, 1st class (1976)
star and badge of the Order of Merit of Poland, 1st class (12.1981)
Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 2nd class (1946)
medal "For the Oder, Neisse, Baltic" (1946)
medal "Victory and Freedom" (1946)
Awards of the Socialist Republic of Romania:
Order of the Star of Romania, 1st class (11/24/1976)
Order "Victory of Socialism" (12.1981)
Finnish award:
star and badge of the Order of the White Rose 1st class (12/16/1976)
Awards of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic:
3 Gold Stars of the Hero of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (05/05/1970, 10/29/1976, 12/16/1981)
4 orders of Klement Gottwald (05/05/1970, 10/29/1976, 05/1978, 12/16/1981)
Order of the White Lion "For Victory", 1st class (1946)
star and badge of the Order of the White Lion with chain (02.1973)
2 Military Crosses 1939 (1945, 1947)
medal "For bravery before the enemy" (1945)
Military commemorative medal (1946)
Dukel Commemorative Medal (1960)
medal "20 years of the Slovak National Uprising" (1964)
medal "50 years of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia" (1971)
medal "30 years of the Slovak National Uprising" (1975)
medal "For strengthening friendship in arms" 1st degree (1980)
Ethiopian Socialist Award:
Order of the Star of Honor (10.1980)
Awards of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia:
Order of the Star of Yugoslavia, 1st class (1962)
Order of Liberty with Diamonds (1976)Awards of international and public organizations
medal of the laureate of the International Lenin Prize "For the strengthening of peace between peoples" (06/12/1973)
F. Joliot-Curie Gold Medal of Peace (11/14/1975, from the World Peace Council)
medal of the State Prize named after K. Gottwald (03.1975)
O. Gan UN Peace Gold Medal (09.1977)
Karl Marx Gold Medal (11/16/1977, from the Academy of Sciences of the USSR)
medal of the laureate of the G. Dimitrov Prize (23.11.1978)
Gold medal of the International Prize for Peace "Golden Mercury" (10/13/1980)
badge "50 years of being in the CPSU" (from the Central Committee of the CPSU) (1981)
Gold medal of the World Federation of Trade Unions (15.02.1982)
Hello dear.
Last night, watching the next series of Parfyonovsky (not to be confused with Parfyansky :-)))) "The other day" and saw the awarding of "dear Leonid Ilyich" with the fourth star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. I immediately remembered numerous anecdotes regarding the number of awards of the elderly General Secretary. According to the vast majority of residents former USSR, Comrade Brezhnev is the undisputed number 1 among the most awarded people on the planet, and at least 95% of these awards were received by him absolutely undeservedly. Is it really? Let's try to figure it out. In general, I really love phaleristics (the science of awards), I have respect and deep sympathy for Leonid Ilyich (in particular, for his love of life, positive outlook and lack of bloodthirstiness), so I will try to be impartial. As far as I can do it, you be the judge.
So, I propose to highlight two important aspects.
1) L.I. Brezhnev "the most awarded person on the planet."
2) The awards that the Secretary General was awarded, he did not deserve.
L.I. Brezhnev with awards
Let's start with the main one - with the number of awards. To do this, we need to divide the awards into 2 groups - Domestic and Foreign. Accordingly, each of these groups can be formally divided into 3 subgroups: 1) Orders, 2) Medals 3) other awards (prizes, grants, etc.)
Let's start, perhaps, with domestic Orders. This is the easiest subsection to count and analyze.
Brezhnev currently has 15 domestic Orders: 8 Orders of Lenin, 2 Orders of the October Revolution, 2 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky 2nd class, Order of the Patriotic War 1st class, Order of the Red Star. There was also 16 - the Order of Victory, but this award was canceled back in 1989 by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
If you look at the total number of Orders, then Brezhnev can in no way be a leader. Marshals of the Soviet Union Zakharov, Sokolov and Meretskov have 16 of them, Rokossovsky, Budyonny, Kulikov and Konev have 17 orders each, Chuikov, Voroshilov and Sokolovsky have 18, and Moskalenko (by the way, it is not clear for what merits) and 20 at all !!!
Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky II degree
Let's go further. Leonid Ilyich has as many as 8 Orders of Lenin. This is a lot, but by no means a record. 10 orders of Lenin, for example, in such an ambiguous historical character as the first secretary of the Uzbek USSR Rashidov Sh.R., 11 - in Ustinov, and the absolute record holder is the minister foreign trade Nikolai Semenovich Patolichev, with 12 similar orders.
Quite rare is the double awarding of the Order of the October Revolution. However, here Leonid Ilyich is not alone. In addition to him, there are 10 twice awarded this order, for example, tank designer Kotin and astronomer Severny.
I don’t want to talk about other orders at all. As the saying goes "niachom". For example, more than 30 people had 6 Orders of the Red Banner (such military leaders as Rokossovsky or Army General Hetman).
So, both in terms of the number of Orders in general, and in terms of the number of specific awards, Leonid Ilyich is not a champion. I will say more - he is not even a leader.
Patolichev N.S.
Now that we have dealt with domestic orders, I think it would be appropriate to move on to domestic medals.
I counted 22 Soviet medals from him. First of all, it is necessary to highlight 4 medals "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union and the medal "Hammer and Sickle" of the Hero of Socialist Labor. Now this is a serious bid for success :-))) There were only two heroes of the Soviet Union four times in history - G.K. Zhukov and L.I. Brezhnev.
There were many Heroes of Socialist Labor. Three times there were 16 heroes, among them Kurchatov, Keldysh, Ilyushin, Sakharov and the same Khrushchev. 11 people bore the high title of Heroes of the Soviet Union and Socialist Labor, but in terms of the total number of these medals (4 + 1), Brezhnev is out of competition. The closest to him was "dear Nikita Sergeevich", who has in his credit one Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union and as many as 3 Heroes of Socialist Labor.
In terms of the number of other medals, Brezhnev's result is not impressive. A huge number of people have similar or much more similar awards.
Order of Karl Marx (GDR)
Now let's move on to a more complex topic - foreign awards. If everything is more or less clear with domestic awards, then with insignia of foreign states everything is much more complicated. Let's start with Orders. I counted them at Leonid Ilyich in total 43 pieces (there were 44, but the Poles in 1990 canceled the awarding of the Order of Virtuti Militari with the Grand Cross of their order). The Mongols, who presented the Soviet leader with the Order of Sukhbaatar as many as 4 times, and the Czechs, who presented the same number of Orders of Klement Gottwald, especially distinguished themselves in the field of awarding. A little behind them were the East Germans - 3 Orders of Karl Marx and the Bulgarians - 3 Orders of Georgy Dimitrov. Among the Mongols, he is not a champion, since the famous Marshal Khorlogiin Choibalsan had the same number of these Orders, but as many as 5 former secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian Communist Party Yumzhagiin Tsedenbal. But 4 Czech orders are a breakthrough! Even Gustav Husak and Ludwig Svoboda had only 3 copies of this award each. The same applies to the 3 Bulgarian ones - no one except Brezhnev had more than 3 Orders of G. Dimitrov.
Order of the Sun of Peru (Peru)
The most beautiful foreign award of the leader of the Soviet state, in my humble opinion, is the "Sun of Peru", and the most exotic is the "Order of Independence" of the Republic of Guinea.
Many or few 43 foreign orders. It depends on what to compare. On the one hand, there seems to be a lot, but on the other hand, if we consider the awards of any European monarch, then this list is much longer. Yes, even if you take Josip Broz Tito - he has at least 53 foreign Orders.
Now let's move on to foreign medals. Leonid Ilyich has 36 of them. He is the only three times hero of the Republic of Bulgaria, and three times Hero of the GDR, and also one of the three three times heroes of Czechoslovakia (along with G. Husak and L. Svoboda). 36 medals is very good. I, perhaps, agree that he is the first in the world in the total number of medals.
The most exotic medal he has, in my opinion, is the Gold Star of the Hero of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
Order of K. Gottwald (Czechoslovakia)
Consider other awards. Leonid Ilyich also has a lot of them and they cannot be accurately calculated. Among the most famous, I would single out 2 marshal stars - small (for the rank of General of the Army) and large (for, in fact, the marshal rank itself). In addition, the F. Joliot-Curie Gold Peace Medal, O. Gan UN Peace Gold Medal, the USSR Academy of Sciences Gold Medal, the Lenin Prize, the Golden Mercury Prize for Peace, the G. Dimitrov Prize. Let's add an honorary weapon, honorary citizenship of such cities as Baku, Kyiv, Dnepropetrovsk and Tbilisi.
Order of Playa Giron (Cuba)
Still, I propose not to count these other awards and preferences in our rating. If only because absolutely everything is impossible to take into account, and it does not make any sense. Let's count only domestic and foreign orders and medals. I got this:
Domestic awards - 15 orders and 22 medals, a total of 37 awards.
Foreign awards - 43 Orders and 36 medals, a total of 79 awards.
In total, it turns out that Leonid Ilyich was awarded only 116 times. And this is apparently really a world record, since, for example, I counted only 89 awards for Queen Elizabeth II of England, 82 for Broz Tito, and 73 for Ustinov.
Order "Star of Yugoslavia" I degree (SFRY)
Now consider such a sensitive topic as the merit of these same awards. It is really not easy, in view of the fact that the head of state is very often awarded foreign orders and medals not for any specific merits, but precisely for being the head of state. I will not give examples - because there are really a lot of them.
Let's look at the awards that Leonid Ilyich was awarded absolutely deservedly, as he really fought, raised the economy and led almost from the grassroots. There aren't many of them. First of all, these are: the Order of the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the Order of the October Revolution (one), one or even 2 Orders of Lenin, perhaps the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky of the 2nd degree and even theoretically the Hero of Socialist Labor. Well, of course, all the medals are Soviet, because he deserved the combat ones on business, and the jubilee ones on the status. I would also be calm about foreign awards, if not for one BUT ... there should be only one award, and not 2-3, as the Bulgarians or Mongols did.
Order "Banner of the Hungarian People's Republic" (Hungary)
IMHO, the award of Brezhnev with the title of 4th Hero of the Soviet Union should be recognized as absolutely undeserved, since according to the statute of the award, he could not even receive 1 Hero, not to mention 4. Further - at least 6 orders of Lenin off topic, the second Order of the October Revolution, too does not fit, the stars of the Hero of the People's Republic of Belarus, the Hero of Labor of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the Hero of Cuba, the Hero of the Lao PDR, the Hero of the GDR, one "Star of Indonesia", the stars of the Hero of the MPR and the Hero of Labor of the MPR, the Hero of Czechoslovakia. In addition, both Orders of the Banner of Hungary, at least 2 of 3 Orders of Georgy Dimitrov, at least 2 of 3 Orders of Karl Marx, at least 3 of 4 Orders of Sukhe Bator and at least 3 of 4 Orders of Kliment Gottwald.
What conclusions can we draw from the foregoing, dear comrades and comrades? J The conclusions are simple - in terms of the total number of awards, the former head of the Soviet state and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Leoni Ilyich Brezhnev, is indeed ONE of the record holders. One of them was 2 such remarkable dictators as Jean Bedel Bokassa and Idi Amin, who, according to some information, collected a collection of more than 200 orders and medals each. Many awards were received by Leonid Ilyich unfairly, but by no means 95%, as the rumor says, because the person is really well-deserved and respected, and there is what he honestly deserved. And with other awards, too, everything is not easy. Is it possible to doubt that the award Mauser received by Leonid Ilyich in 1943 was received unfairly? I have no doubts - he deserved the cause and honor. So you have to be very careful in your assessments.
I hope I didn't bore you.
Sincerely
December 19, 1906 Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was born. In the 70s and 80s, the birthday of the General Secretary of the CPSU was a very significant event, and Brezhnev himself was awarded orders, medals and other awards, the number of which he had become one of the most striking stereotypes about Soviet leaders.
Today we would like to take a closer look at what awards Brezhnev was awarded, which items in his "collection" are the most interesting and exotic, and also bring others Interesting Facts about the awards of the first person of the Soviet Union in 1964-1982.
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. Photo: RIA Novosti www.ria.ru
1. Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev not only received a significant number of awards, but even managed to get into the Guinness Book of Records with them as "the most awarded person in the world." In the 1991 edition, his list includes 15 orders and 18 medals of the USSR, as well as 29 medals and 49 orders of foreign countries. The accuracy of these figures is subject to some doubts (in the Soviet years complete lists were not published, hence the possible inaccuracies), but the very fact of such a record is impressive.
2. It is curious that with all the abundance of lifetime awards, Brezhnev was no longer awarded posthumously. Moreover: during the "perestroika" he posthumously lost some awards. This is the Order of Victory - the highest military award of the USSR, as well as the Polish Order of Military Valor (Virtuti Militari).
3. There is a popular story, according to which Brezhnev, because of the awards, had to wear a tunic that weighed 6 kilograms. In fact, no one weighed his awards. But such a tunic itself would indeed be more than weighty. It was physically impossible to wear it, so Leonid Ilyich did not wear all his medals at the same time. As a rule, it was limited to "Golden Stars", "Hammer and Sickle", signs of Lenin's awards and sometimes straps of orders.
Brezhnev's awards presented at his funeral. Photo: Vladimir Akimov / RIA Novosti www.ria.ru
4. Brezhnev also had such awards that were established specifically for him. In October 1981, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Leonid Ilyich's stay in the CPSU, a sign was introduced with the name, as you might guess, "50 years of being in the CPSU." The Central Committee solemnly handed the badge to the General Secretary, which he himself commented as follows: "As for me, receiving this honorary badge, I feel understandable excitement. And not just excitement, but a feeling of deep gratitude to the great party of Lenin."
5. Two months later there was a kind of record. Brezhnev celebrated his 75th birthday, and for this holiday he received thirteen different awards from eight states at once.
6. In addition to state awards, Brezhnev received many departmental ones. In 1977 he received a membership card of the Union of Journalists of the USSR. Together with him, Brezhnev also got another badge: Leonid Ilyich received the right to wear a badge confirming membership.
7. Leonid Ilyich received a number of awards more than once, and noticeably more often than others. For example, only Marshal Zhukov became the Hero of the Soviet Union four times besides Brezhnev. And together with the award of the Hero of Socialist Labor, he turned out to be the owner of five "Gold Stars" at once, and no one was awarded such an honor except him.
8. The number of Brezhnev's foreign awards, according to various estimates, ranges from five to seven dozen. Among them are orders and medals of Argentina, Afghanistan, Guinea, Vietnam, Bulgaria, Hungary, Indonesia, East Germany, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, Yemen, Mongolia, Peru, Poland, Yugoslavia, Ethiopia, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Romania. Some of them were established several centuries ago, many are awarded even now.
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