Rat poison for human symptoms dose. How does rat poison work? Symptom complex that manifests itself in humans during intoxication with poison for rats

Rodents are constant companions of man. Biological methods of fighting against them are good with a small population. But with a significant number, there is a need radical methods in particular the use of rat poisons.

Rodent Control Products

Rat poison is the general name of the means, the impact of which is aimed at the extermination of rodents. Due to their high prevalence and availability, they are not perceived as a serious threat to pets and humans.

Chemical composition

Currently, not all types of rat poison are used. Previously, poisonous preparations for the destruction of rats and mice were made on the basis of compounds of substances such as arsenic, lead, strychnine, etc. They had significant toxic properties. But because of the danger that such a composition poses to a person, they were removed from production.
Then came warfarin. However, rodents developed resistance to it and it was replaced by cumatetralyl and brodifacoum.

Modern drugs

Current poisons are similar to each other in the content of zoocoumarins.

They lead to impaired blood clotting. As a result of swallowing the poisonous composition, the rat dies from internal bleeding.

The impact of drugs of different generations is somewhat different from each other:

Mechanism of influence

In dwellings, it is recommended to use only ready-made preparations purchased in household supermarkets or veterinary pharmacies. Often they are produced in the form of seeds and grains treated with low toxicity substances.

How does rat poison based on zoocoumarins work? The mechanism of its action is due to a violation of blood clotting:

• there is a severe deficiency of vitamin K;
• the integrity of the walls of blood vessels is destroyed;
• impaired liver function;
• blood composition changes;
• anemia develops;
• there is oxygen starvation of the brain.

In parallel, there is a violation of the process of cellular metabolism in the kidneys, liver cells, lungs, and blood vessels. This entails dystrophy of cells and tissues, and the process of atrophy internal organs.

Deadly danger

It is not entirely easy to get poisoned by rat poison through negligence, for the reason that its effect is designed for small rodents. Rat death occurs after a week of poison consumption.

The life-threatening dose of warfarin is 60 mg per 1 kg of human weight, bromadionol, respectively, 300 mg per 1 kg of body weight. AT finished packaging contains about 0.1-2% of the active substance.

Thus, in order to understand in what quantities rat poison is dangerous, the lethal dose for humans is determined at the rate of 3-4 grams. pure substance. In terms of the packaging form, it is approximately 150 gr.

In other words, to get a lethal dose, it is necessary for a person to repeatedly use an anticoagulant.
Soft briquettes include a toxic composition in an amount of up to 0.005%. Therefore, even for a child, intoxication occurs when a sufficiently large piece of poison is swallowed.
However, some toxic formulations for mice can penetrate the surface of the skin.

Toxemia

What happens if you eat rat poison? It all depends on the amount of toxic substance that has entered the body.

With toxemia with rat poison, symptoms do not appear immediately, but only after 3-4 days. Poisoning with rat poison is characterized by a chronic form of the course of the disease.

In the case when you happened to drink a large dose of a potent agent, it is likely that signs will develop that indicate a violation of the blood coagulation process after 12-24 hours.

Manifestations

Weakness in joints and muscles in case of poisoning

Signs of poisoning with rat poison are expressed in:

• weakness in the joints and muscles;
• nausea;
• refusal of food;
• pain in the temples;
• pallor of the skin;
• bleeding gums;
• the presence of blood in the urine.

Not so often, but still poisoning with rat poison is manifested by diarrhea with blood splashes, nosebleeds, painful sensations in the abdomen, bloody spots on the surface of the skin.

Pre-medical actions

Any of us, when faced with a similar situation, is concerned about the question of what to do when poisoned with rat poison. The first priority is to remove the latter from the body. But in any case, the poisoned person needs hospitalization. It is urgent to call an ambulance, especially if toxemia occurs in children.

Prior to the arrival of doctors, it is necessary to perform a number of standard procedures:

• give the victim at least 3 liters of water;
• wash the stomach by taking a weak solution of potassium permanganate to the patient;
• provoke artificial vomiting;
• give to take sorbent preparations;
• take a saline laxative.

As mentioned above, rat poison poisoning is possible through the surface of the skin. If the poison has got on the skin, they should be thoroughly washed with water at room temperature, using soap.

professional treatment

Further treatment, in order to avoid death, is preferably in a hospital. There, the patient will be given an antidote - phytomenadione (vitamin K1). The introduction is shown for 15-30 days.
Next, a course of maintenance therapy will be prescribed:

• restoration of liver parenchyma cells from damage by taking hepatoprotective drugs;
• forced diuresis;
• clotting factor renewal by blood transfusion.

In addition, a course of vitamin B will be prescribed to maintain the strength of the body.
The recovery process is controlled by identifying the prothrombin index according to Sukharev. This is a laboratory evaluation of blood clotting.

Further

The consequences of toxemia are characterized by a remote character. Therefore, it is important to seek professional help in time.
The consequences are due to the difficulties of self-restoration of blood clotting by the liver. This is fraught with hemophilia syndrome, which is expressed in:

• bleeding and inflammation of the gums;
• profuse blood flow in case of skin lesions;
• internal bleeding.

If toxemia in a pig

Symptoms of rat poisoning in pigs appear after several days, or even two weeks. Such poisoning in piglets is quite common. These animals are very illegible in food. They eat everything. If a piglet has eaten a poisonous compound and poisoned itself, it will experience the following symptoms:

• oppression;
• convulsions and fever;
• stomach ache;
• refusal to accept food;
• profuse salivation;
• subcutaneous hemorrhages;
• prolonged bleeding at the vein puncture sites;
• vomit with the presence of blood;
• blanching of visible mucous membranes;
• melena - intestinal bleeding;
• hemoptysis;
• the presence of blood streaks in the urine.

Such poisoning is possible if people place baits in places accessible to animals.
In this case, the help of a veterinarian is required.

He will inject the antidote for rat poison - vitamin K1. In addition, he will prescribe infusion therapy, stop bleeding.

Rat or mouse poison is a generic name for drugs used to control rodents. Careless use of these substances can lead to human poisoning with rat poison, and ultimately to death.

Where can people get poisoned by rat poison?

Rat poison intoxication can occur wherever wild rodents live, and where poisoned baits are laid out for them in violation sanitary requirements. That is why there are special norms (SanPiN) for the deratization of public places:

• kindergartens, schools, colleges, other educational institutions;
• hospitals, sanatoriums, all healthcare facilities,
• catering establishments,
• workshops industrial production products and semi-finished products,
• basements, living quarters,
• warehouses, agricultural processing plants and many other enterprises.

The specificity of fillings for rat poison is determined depending on the location of the rodents that need to be destroyed.

All people must be warned about the conduct of sanitization at work or at the place of residence using drugs aimed at the destruction of rats.

Variety of species and rules for the use of poisons against rodents

At present, preparations that have an immediate toxic effect, which include arsenic, lead, thallium, strychnine, and other dangerous substances, are prohibited. However, poisons of a long process of poisoning are widespread - anticoagulants containing coumarins.

Under the colloquial definition, rat poisons today unite a group of toxic substances - rodenticides:

• ratindan;
• naphthylthiocarbamide;
• brodifacoum;
• warfarin, others.

Almost all of them have a strong toxic effect on people, animals, birds, so they must be stored and used to poison rats with caution.

The rules for the use of poisonous substances clearly state which rat poisons can be used and in what quantity:

Deviation from the rules for the use of toxic chemicals leads to severe intoxication, the consequences of which in humans are severe diseases of the kidneys, liver, brain, nervous disorders, and internal bleeding.

What threatens a person poisoning with rat poisons

At home, only ready-made products from a hardware store (veterinary pharmacy) can be used safely for others, usually seeds and grains treated with toxic low-toxic substances.

It is not recommended to cook home-made baits with any organic (inorganic) poison according to recipes from the Internet, since intoxication can occur both during inhalation of toxic air, and upon contact through the skin and in the process of poison getting into dirty hands into the stomach.

If you accidentally drink water or eat food from a container gnawed by poisoned or rabid rats, you can die from hidden internal bleeding in a few days.

The mechanism of action of coumarins on a person is to disrupt the process of blood coagulation:

• an acute deficiency of vitamin K is formed;
• as a result, the walls of blood vessels are destroyed;
• the liver does not function in sufficient volume;
• the composition of the blood changes, anemia develops, leading to oxygen starvation of the brain.

At the same time, the metabolism of the cells of the kidneys, liver, blood vessels, and lungs is disrupted, which leads to tissue degeneration and further atrophy of the body's organs.

If timely treatment is not carried out, the consequence of rat poison poisoning for humans is a fatal outcome (a lethal dose is 3-4 mg of zoocoumarin). Therefore, it is necessary to independently choose a means for the destruction of rodents very carefully - the use of bait with poison should not harm humans and pets.

What symptoms appear after poisoning

If a poisonous preparation for rodents, which contains anticoagulants, is quietly eaten by a child, parents may not guess about it for 1-2-3 days until the first signs of rat poison poisoning appear:

• deterioration of health due to general weakness;
• lack of appetite, urge to vomit;
• bleeding from the nose, gums;
• pallor of the face, neck;
• dizziness, pain in the head;
• diarrhea with blood fractions, abdominal cramps;
• pinpoint hemorrhages in the form of hematomas all over the body.

First aid and treatment

If a child has recently swallowed multi-colored balls of poisonous drug for rats, you should immediately call an ambulance, and before the doctors arrive, take measures to accelerate the removal of toxins from the body.

If a person has symptoms of poisoning with rat poison some time after possible use, it is necessary to urgently contact the toxicology department to determine the type of poisonous substance and search for an antidote.

For any food poisoning anticoagulants can not be fed to the child, as well as forcibly induce vomiting in him.

The current therapeutic drug - Phytomenadione (synthesized vitamin K) is recommended to be administered intravenously, intramuscularly long time under the supervision of a doctor, so you can not refuse hospitalization.

Rats are carriers of dangerous diseases, damage property, and can even cause a fire by damaging the insulation of electrical wires. The way to solve an unpleasant problem is rat poison. Means for combating rodents have a low degree of toxicity, and can be used in residential premises, medical and educational institutions. As a result, poisoning with rat poison sometimes occurs. In this case, the health and life of the victim may depend on the measures you take.

Causes of rat poisoning

Owners summer cottages, private houses in order to save money often prefer to deal with rodents on their own. In this case, poisoning with rat poison can occur for the following reasons:

• A toxic substance enters the body with food due to non-compliance with safety measures. At self-fulfillment deratization work, you must strictly follow the instructions on the packaging of the drug, not forgetting about the methods of individual protection (gloves, respirator). Even microscopic particles left on the hands after contact with poison can cause poisoning.
• The toxin can enter the human body through the lungs when inhaled. This is likely in the case of using highly concentrated products. To prevent poisoning with rat poison, you should carefully study the instructions of the manufacturer of the drug you have chosen.
• Open wounds and cuts in contact with a poisonous substance can also become a source of infection of the body. In this situation, the toxic effect will be the least, but also requires the adoption of appropriate measures.
• Deliberate poisoning with the drug is quite rare, but the availability of the drug in retail sometimes lead attackers to such rash actions.

Rat poisoning occurs among young children. The drug granules may have bright color capable of attracting the attention of the baby. If you carry out deratization at home, take care of the safety of your own child.

Drugs that are part of rat poison

Rodenticides, or rat poisons, are a group of substances with varying degrees of toxicity and the principle of action. By chemical structure distinguish the following categories:

Preparations of inorganic origin. The best known of these is zinc phosphide. On contact with acids, it forms the poisonous gas phosphine, which provokes suffocation of the rodent. It enters the bloodstream through the capillaries of the lungs, causing paralysis. nervous system and disturbing metabolic processes. Zinc phosphide is characterized by a rapid and extremely acute effect on the body.

Preparations of organic origin. They have a chronic effect, accumulating in the tissues of the animal and slowly destroying the body from the inside.

Rodenticides of organic origin:

Anticoagulants block thrombin, causing blood clotting disorders and provoking bleeding of internal organs. There are first-generation anticoagulant drugs - Isoindan, Ethylfenacin, Warfarin, which are less toxic, and modern analogues - Difenacum, Brodifacoum, Flocumafen.

For deratization, highly toxic rat poisons can be used, including mixtures of lead and arsenic, strychnine, white and yellow phosphorus, thallium sulfate.

Forms of preparations can be different - granules, blocks, briquettes, gels or powders. They are available ready-made or require further mixing with the bait. Gray rats are smart and cunning creatures, so several methods are combined to completely destroy them.

The lethal dose of rat poison depends on both the type and form of the drug. For example, the common "Warfarin" is fatal if only 60 mg is ingested; less concentrated Brodifacoum will cause the same effects at 300 mg. Death occurs due to profuse, incessant hemorrhages.

Symptoms of rat poison poisoning

The following factors influence the nature and intensity of manifestation of signs of toxin action:

• received dose of poison;
• method of entry into the body;
• the chemical composition of the agent;
• concentration;
• individual characteristics.

Since anticoagulants have become the most common way to kill gray rats and mice, the action of toxins does not manifest itself immediately, but after 3-5 days.

In this case, the following signs of poisoning with rat poison are observed:

• weakness, lethargy, lethargy;
• dizziness and severe headaches;
• pallor of the skin and mucous membranes;
• diarrhea;
• profuse and frequent vomiting;
• nosebleeds;
• the appearance of traces of blood in the urine and feces;
• visual and hearing impairments.

This is the result of the action of the poison, so at the slightest sign of poisoning with rat poison, you should consult a doctor. Even a small dose of rat poison can cause significant harm to the body. Determine the degree of poisoning and take effective measures only a qualified medical professional can do it.

First aid for poisoning with rat poison

To reduce the level of toxins in the body, you need to take the following measures when poisoning with rat poison:

• If a child has been poisoned, inspect the oral cavity for drug residues - you may have time to remove a dangerous toy at the last moment.
• Let the patient drink 2-3 liters of water. This is necessary so that he can induce vomiting by pressing his finger on the root of the tongue.
• After ingestion of poison, toxins enter the bloodstream and quickly spread throughout the body. To remove them, the victim should take absorbent agents - activated charcoal (2-3 tablets for every 10 kg of the total body weight of a person) or its more modern counterparts.
• Part harmful substances can accumulate in the small and large intestines, not only during the primary poisoning of a person with rat poison, but also as a result of taking adsorbents. It is necessary to clean the intestines using a syringe or Esmarch's mug.

Accurate diagnosis and complete purification from the remnants of the poison are possible only in a clinical setting. Even if the patient feels better, this is not a reason to refuse hospitalization.

Examination and treatment in a hospital

To eliminate the consequences of poisoning with rat poison in the hospital, the victim will be prescribed a number of procedures:

• wash the stomach and intestines;
• they will introduce an antidote - vitamin K, which is responsible for blood clotting;
• provide supportive therapy to help restore liver function;
• if necessary, a plasma transfusion will be performed to improve blood clotting.

The duration of treatment for poisoning depends on the severity of poisoning with rat poison. It is determined by conducting a blood test to assess coagulation according to Sukharev. On average, taking vitamin K for a complete restoration of the prothrombin index lasts from 15 to 30 days.

Complications of rat poisoning

Even after discharge from the hospital, it is important to monitor the well-being of the victim after poisoning with rat poison, especially if it is Small child. If the dangerous symptoms of poisoning were ignored, and help was not provided in time, unpleasant complications are possible. The possible consequences of rat poisoning include various disorders of the kidneys and liver.

The most terrible consequences of poisoning with rat poison are acquired hemophilia ( chronic insufficiency prothrombin index). It can be expressed in systematic bleeding from the nose, gums, mucous membranes, characterized by increased duration. Internal hemorrhages are also frequent, which pose a serious threat to human health. To improve the patient after poisoning with rat poison, he is prescribed a course of vitamin K for a year after the event.

How to prevent poisoning

When self fight with gray rats and mice follow the safety rules. Be sure to wash your hands after completing work, or better, use disposable protective equipment. If there are small children in the apartment or house, try to protect them from poison.

When choosing a means for deratization of a dwelling, it is recommended to use drugs with a weak toxic effect. Do not forget to consider alternative options for the destruction of rodents. Perhaps you should just get a cat?

Rat poison is used to control rodents that are harmful to humans. Over time, the composition of this poison changed from very dangerous to human health to less dangerous. However, even new generation poisons are quite dangerous, so you need to know about their effects on humans and about the rules for first aid in case of poisoning.

General characteristics of rat poisons

Poison for rats used to include substances such as arsenic, lead, strychnine. Then its production was closed, explaining this as a special danger to the human body. The next variety was "Warfarin", but it was not used for long. The fact is that the rats were able to develop resistance to it, so they had to create a new poison. So there were "Kumatetralil" and "Brodifacoum". To date, there are quite a few varieties of toxic substances for rats. Conventionally, they can be divided into three groups.

The first group includes "Krysid" and zinc phosphide. However, their use is quite limited. This is due to the high toxicity of the active substance. Their advantage is that all rats that have tried the poison die. Moreover, the time required for their destruction is only a few hours. Despite the high toxicity, "Krysid" and zinc phosphide are still used in cases where other poisons are absolutely powerless. The procedure requires close attention and control.

Another group includes rat poisons of the old generation, the use of which is strictly prohibited. These are strychnine, yellow and white phosphorus, arsenic, lead, thallium sulfate. Even knowing about their increased toxicity, people still occasionally resort to such means. You need to know that the consequences of their exposure can be irreversible, up to death.

The third group is a new generation of substances that can be bought on the market or in special stores. The main component most often in them are zoocoumarins, which contribute to poor clotting of blood cells. The effect of such poisons is that the rat or mouse, having tasted the poisonous agent, dies as a result of internal bleeding. Among the poisons of this group, anticoagulants of the first and second generations are distinguished.

The first generation anticoagulants include Warfarin, Ratindan, Ethylfenacin, Isoindan, and others. Their peculiarity is that toxic compounds do not accumulate in the body, and after 3-4 days they are almost completely eliminated with the help of the kidneys. The downside of these drugs can be considered the addiction of rodents to them. That is why, in some cases, they resort to stronger means: Brodifacoum, Bromadiolone, Flocumafen, Difenacum and the like. Their toxicity is much higher than in the first generation anticoagulants, and the exposure time is shorter. At the same time, they are able to accumulate in the body.

Poisoning a person with poison for rodents

Contrary to popular belief, rat poisoning is not always fatal. Whether the dose will be lethal depends on the action of the main component, on the state of human health. Things will be easier for those who have a healthy liver. After all, its function includes the synthesis of factors that determine the desired blood clotting.

As mentioned above, rat poison leads to their destruction. Here are some examples of the ratio of doses and body weight, resulting in a fatal outcome: "Warfarin" - 60 mg / kg of body weight, "Bromadiolone" - 300 mg / kg of body weight.

Eating a lot of rat poison unintentionally is hard enough. For a dose to be lethal, the human body would have to be exposed to repeated exposure to anticoagulants. So, rats need to eat the substance several times during the week. It should also be borne in mind that the finished form of the poison contains 0.1-2% of the active substance. To prepare a drug for rats, the poison is mixed with some kind of food: minced meat, grain. As a result, it turns out that the content of the main substance in the bait is on average about 0.02%. Poisoned products, which contain such an amount of poison, do not always manage to poison even a rat.

Based on this, a person should consume at least 3-4 g of poison for a fatal outcome. And if, for example, the product is sold in briquettes, then about 150 g of such a poison will be needed. It is known that in such briquettes the toxic substance is only 0.005%, so even a child will have to eat a rather big piece for serious poisoning.

The danger of some poisons is that they have the ability to penetrate under the skin. To avoid this, during the preparation of the bait, you must wear protective gloves without forgetting other precautions. Their non-observance can lead to poisoning, the first negative manifestations of which may not develop in the first days. Intoxication with rat poison most often manifests itself after 3-4 days.

If a person has eaten a certain amount of poison, resulting in poisoning, then the disease will have a chronic course. Sometimes a large dose of a toxic substance can provoke a clotting disorder, which will become apparent no earlier than after 12-24 hours. Patients also have other symptoms. So, the condition of the victim is characterized by weakness, nausea, headache, loss of appetite, pallor of the skin, bleeding gums and hemorrhages on the mucous membranes.

In rare cases, the consequences for a person can be manifested by disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: along with diarrhea, a small amount of blood can be excreted. Gastrointestinal disorders may be accompanied by abdominal pain. As a result of poor clotting of blood cells, nosebleeds and blood spots on the skin may occur.

Treatment of poisoning with rat poison

Knowing how rat poison works, each person must understand the danger of intoxication with this substance. First of all, you should definitely seek help from a doctor. He will give a referral for examination (analysis of urine, blood, etc.) and, based on laboratory tests, prescribe the necessary drugs. First of all, vitamin K is prescribed, for a tangible effect of which it will take a lot of time. It is vitamin K that helps restore normal blood clotting (other symptoms of hemophilia may also appear).

If a person has used poison for rodents, then he needs to provide first aid. If the ambulance arrived quickly, then experienced specialists will do it. If the ambulance has to wait a long time, then you can independently perform a few simple steps.

The victim should be induced to vomit. To do this, you need to drink at least 3 liters of water. Then, in order for the stomach to work, it is necessary to take activated charcoal tablets based on body weight. After that, you must definitely drink a saline laxative. All these actions are performed if toxic substances enter the stomach. It is important to know: if people eat a certain amount of poison over a long period, then the poisoning is considered chronic. In this case, gastric lavage will not give any result.

If precautions are not taken during the preparation of rat bait, poison can get on the skin. In this case, the skin is washed immediately warm water with soap. It happens that a poisonous agent also enters the mucous membrane of the eye or into the oral cavity. Then the affected areas are abundantly washed with running water. If, after all the measures taken, there is no improvement, it is worth hurrying to the hospital.

When is hospitalization needed?

Sometimes, trying to poison rats, people themselves are exposed to the harmful effects of toxic substances. In some cases, the victim has to be hospitalized. Treatment in the hospital is carried out as follows. Prescribed drugs from the group of hepatoprotectors and forced diuresis. In addition, as mentioned earlier, the introduction of an antidote in the form of vitamin K is mandatory. It is administered for 15-30 days, depending on the degree of intoxication.

In a particularly complex form of poisoning, the doctor may prescribe a blood plasma transfusion. This manipulation will help replenish the blood clotting factor. The degree of recovery of the patient can be determined by studying the prothrombin index. Restore the functioning of the immune system after an illness will help the intake of B vitamins. The patient should get plenty of rest, avoid stressful situations and physical stress.

So rat poison is real dangerous substance. To avoid poisoning them, you can resort to other methods of dealing with rats, for example, traps. If, however, the choice is made in favor of poison, be sure to follow all precautions.

Rat poison (or rodenticide) is the general name for substances used to control different types pest rodents. Since such drugs are readily available, their danger to humans is ignored by some. Careless use of rodenticide is the main cause of human and pets.

Types and action of rodenticides

There are several types of rat poison, differing in the principle of action:

1. Ratcid and zinc phosphide are very toxic, so their use is limited to strict controls. The use of such a poison is a last resort when slow-acting poisons do not work. These drugs cause 100% rapid death of all rodents.
2. Lead and arsenic compounds, strychnine, thallium sulfate, white or yellow phosphorus - they used to be used, but now their use is prohibited.
3. Modern drugs against mice and rats, which are freely available, which include zoocoumarins (anticoagulants). In the human body, these poisons do not accumulate, they are excreted in 3-4 days. The consequences of poisoning are manifested individually, based on the state of health of the individual.

The lethal dose of rat poison for humans depends on the composition of the individual drug, because the active substance in each poison is not the same and has a different concentration. A lot depends on the physical condition of the victim. When a person has liver problems, he can become very poisoned by rat poison. After all, the anticoagulants contained in the poison destroy the blood components necessary for its coagulation. Namely, these components are synthesized by the liver, so it is under the most severe blow.

In general, it is difficult to get very poisoned with rat poison, because its dosage is calculated for small rodents. That is, an adult will have to eat enough of it to seriously suffer. Usually, the poison contains 0.1-2% of the active substance, the rest is bait for rodents. A deadly poison for a person will be if he consumes 3-4 g of the active substance, or about 150 g of poison - this is a lot.

And although death from rat poison among people is a rare phenomenon, this poison can seriously undermine health. Therefore, no risk is justified and security measures must be strictly observed.

How modern rat poisons "work"

The active substance of many modern drugs against rodents are anticoagulants, or zoocoumarins. These are substances that prevent blood from clotting by disrupting the production of vitamin K. This substance, or vikasol, is a cofactor in the synthesis of prothrombin, without which blood cannot clot.

The anticoagulants contained in rat poison enter the bloodstream very quickly, reaching a maximum concentration there in three hours. Since many rodents were resistant to warfarin, brodifactum and difenacoum began to be used as the main components of preparations for their poisoning. The latter proved to be 100 times more effective than warfarin. These are potent poisons, poisoning them leads to intense coagulopathy (blood clotting disorders), heavy bleeding, so timely assistance is vital.

Diagnosis and first aid for intoxication

When the poison enters the human body, it is not immediately felt. Signs of intoxication occur on the 3rd-4th day and have the character of a chronic disease. Rarely enough, when a lot of poison was eaten, the symptoms of poisoning make themselves felt after 12-24 hours.

The poisoned person suffers from:

• weakness,
• loss of appetite and nausea,
• headache,
• gum bleeding,
• bloody mucous membranes,
• internal hemorrhage,
• profuse bleeding even due to a minor wound,
• diarrhea with blood
• pain in the abdomen
• nosebleeds,
• the appearance of blood spots on the skin,
• the skin has a pale, sometimes grayish-bluish tint.

If it was established that the victim had consumed poison 3-4 days ago, the destructive effect of rat poison on a person in this case can be stopped only in stationary conditions. Therefore, the most competent will be such steps:

• call an ambulance
• lay down the patient
• give him plenty to drink - it can be plain water or special solutions
• no food should be given.

When you have established that the poisoning occurred 12-24 hours ago, then after calling an ambulance, the following must be done:

• give the victim 1.5-3 liters of water or a special solution to drink,
• make him vomit
• give him an absorbent,
• give him saline laxatives to drink,
• don't feed anything.

When rat poison comes into contact with the skin or mucous membranes, wash these areas with plenty of running water. Often in such cases, hospitalization is not needed.

In the hospital, the victim will be given an antidote for 2-4 weeks - vitamin K1, as well as supportive therapy, the content of which depends on the extent of the damage to health caused by rat poison. Often prescribed forced diuresis and hepatoprotectors. AT difficult situations in order to quickly replenish the clotting factor, a transfusion of blood plasma is required.

Periodically, a person donates blood for analysis so that doctors can assess the level of its coagulability. This indicator determines how quickly the patient will be discharged home.

How to avoid poisoning

Preventing rodenticide poisoning is quite simple. For this you need:

• First, get the advice of a specialist who will offer the most optimal method of exterminating rodents in your situation.
• Secondly, if there are animals and small children in the house, this must be taken into account. Moreover, in special stores there are a lot of alternatives to rat poison.

Rodenticides can seriously undermine human health, in some cases they have caused death. Therefore, do not ignore the first signs or even suspicions of poisoning. It is better to overdo it by calling an ambulance and passing the necessary tests than not to do it and come to the hospital in a deplorable state. Timely, competent treatment will avoid a long hospital stay and the unpleasant consequences of intoxication.