Relative adjectives do not change by case. Adjective

25.09.2019

In the section on the question, how do singular adjectives change? given by the author Yoonya the best answer is

Answer from Nadezhda Drobotenko[newbie]
I do not know

Answer from Kseniya[newbie]
Adjectives change by cases by gender (singular) and by numbers

Answer from Dmitry Svetashov[newbie]
Adjectives change by gender, number and case

Answer from Veraboriskina[newbie]
By gender (singular) By numbers By cases

Answer from Emilia Shirokorad[active]
The adjective by gender does not change only in the singular

Answer from fox[active]
An adjective is a part of speech that denotes an OBJECT SIGN and answers the questions WHAT?, WHAT?, WHAT?, WHAT? An adjective is always associated with a noun. By gender, adjectives change only in the singular. in the singular denote a sign of one subject: a friendly class, interesting game, kind heart. adjectives in plural denote a sign of two or more objects: warm days, distant countries, common affairs. Plural adjectives in the nominative case answer the question WHAT? and have endings -IE, -IE: easy examples, postage stamps, expressive faces. The number of an adjective is determined by the number of the noun to which it refers. The case of an adjective is determined by the case of the noun to which it refers.

Answer from Elena Yamoletdinova[newbie]
change in numbers, genders and cases declining, that is, they change in numbers and cases

Answer from Vladimir Kotov[newbie]
cases and genders

Answer from Oksana Georgyan[guru]
By gender and by case

Answer from Maxim Chuev[guru]
well. R. - ending ayam. R. ending oh

Answer from tadevos kyureghyan[newbie]
Adjectives change by gender (only in the singular), numbers and cases ( new table, new hat, new things, about new things, moreover, the gender, number and case of the adjective depend on the gender, number and case of the noun to which the adjective refers.

Words denoting signs of an object and answering the questions “what?” and "whose?" in Russian are called adjectives. The name speaks for itself - this is what attached to something, namely to another word - to a noun. Without it, an explicit or implied noun, there can be no adjective at all. Otherwise, it loses the meaning of its presence in the sentence and may even turn into a noun itself (cf.: blind(which?) old man- adj. and sat (who?) blind- n.).

Accordingly, with a change in the word being defined, the dependent will adapt to it, assimilating its morphemic features. It is expressed by endings. Adjectives are always in the same gender, number and case as the noun they are related to.

Therefore, in order not to make a mistake in the spelling of the end of an adjective, one should:

find the noun to which it refers (attached);
put the question from the noun to the adjective. The ending of the question will prompt the desired ending of the adjective; for the most part they are in tune: weather(which?) warm; morning(which?) sunny; songs(what kind?) quiet; growth(what?) high; branches(what?) thin);
At the same time, it must be remembered that the question “what?” it is impossible to check the endings of adjectives of the initial form (adjectives in m.
In these cases:
- ending is written under stress -Oh (pencil(m. r. unit h. I. p.) (which one?) color);
- no accent - -th / -th (pencil(which?) sharp, blue).
In addition to those mentioned, adjectives also have other modifiable features:
- degree of comparison;
- full or short form.

Both of them are relevant only for quality adjectives!

What are quality adjectives?
According to their meaning, all adjectives are divided into three categories.

Quality. Answering the question "which one?" and indicate the quality of items: color ( yellow Red), the size ( big, small), weight ( heavy, small), traits ( laughable, sullen), age ( young, old), taste qualities ( bitter, sour). Most of them can easily find antonyms ( big - small, sharp - blunt) or synonyms ( big - large, huge, enormous);
Relative. They also answer the question "what?", but define an object in relation to another object: its location ( street lamp, school yard), material ( paper snake, silk ribbon), destination ( ski costume, shoe brush), relation to time ( evening cool, early dinner);
Possessive. The only ones who answer the question "whose?", since characterize an object by its belonging to any living being (mother's apron, fox tail, Sashin scream).

Qualitative adjectives are significantly different from the rest. They alone can:

form a short form, answering the question "what?", ( high - high, bitter - bitter);
show signs of objects to a greater or lesser extent ( high - higher - even higher - highest - highest).

Strengthening of the sign, as can be seen from the example, is on the rise: from the initial, positive, takes the form of comparative and superlative degrees; which can be expressed in different ways:

simple forms using suffixes: higher, highest;
compound forms with the help of additional words: more (less, most, very, most...) high.

All adjectives are declined according to cases, numbers and genders (in singular). And only good ones have exceptions.

Short adjectives do not decline! That is, they do not change by cases, but only by numbers and by gender (in singular): hungry, hungry, hungry.
In general, qualitative adjectives do not change in any way in comparative degree simple form ( higher, lower, narrower, wider, faster…) and in the composite superlative degree built on its basis ( above - above all).

The rest of the qualitative adjectives decline in the same way as the relative ones. Depending on the last consonant in the stem, their endings can be in hard and soft versions ( -a-i, -o-e, -o-o, -s-i).

Also, adjectives agree with the noun in animation if the noun is in the form of C. p. pl. hours, and for the masculine - and in units. hours (cf.: I see beautiful(what?) shoes and I see handsome(what?) girls).

Possessive adjectives decline differently. Their type of declension is called mixed. There is a special set of endings. They don't have to match. At the same time, in the declension of adjectives with the suffix -y- and adjectives with suffixes -un-/-in- or -ov-/-ev- there are differences.

Possessive adjectives with a suffix -y- must be written in the middle of the word soft sign (dog, sable, marten, fox...); in all forms except for the initial one (m. s. h. I. / V. p.), in it the endings will be zero ( hare_, fox_, cat_, sable_).

The ranks of adjectives do not have clear boundaries, which allows them to move from one to another. Such changes depend on the context, usually when used in figurative meanings. So possessive adjective fox(whose?) Nora becomes relative when fox(what? what is it made of?) fur coat, and the relative adjective iron(which one? what is it made of?) tap turns into quality iron(what? i.e. strong) patience.

And finally, there are some special adjectives for colors ( beige, khaki, indigo, etc.), nationalities ( Khanty, Mansi, Urdu...) and clothing styles ( corrugated, flared, mini...), as well as words (weight) Gross Net, (hour) peak, which have their own characteristics: they are always unchanged and are always placed after the noun ( beige jackets, flared skirt).

Some qualitative adjectives in the modern language have only short forms, for example: glad, must, much, which are also invariable.

Qualitative adjectives have constant sign They have both long and short forms. This article describes in detail the types of ratios of the two forms and provides illustrative examples to secure the material.

What are the forms of adjectives?

In Russian, full and short forms of adjectives are distinguished. This grammatical feature is constant and is characteristic only of a qualitative adjective:

Full adjectives- attributive, inflected forms (change by gender, number, cases), neutral in meaning. In sentences, they are most often used as a definition. Examples of full adjectives: dry, cold, red, neat.
Short adjectives- predicative, indeclinable forms (change only by gender and number, do not decline by cases), differ in book value. In sentences, as a rule, they act as a nominal predicate. Examples of short adjectives: distant, young, white, meek.

Full and short adjectives are studied at school in grade 5.

Types of ratios of full and short forms of adjectives

Not all words of this part of speech have full and short forms of adjectives. According to the presence (or absence) of this grammatical feature, adjectives are divided into three groups:

Adjectives that have both full and short forms (good - good, cheerful - cheerful, fresh - fresh, smart - smart). Short forms are formed by adding endings to the basis of the adjective -a (s), -o (s), -s (s) and zero (cute - cute, strong - strong).
Adjectives that have only full form. These include - adjectives with evaluation suffixes (tall, green), qualitative adjectives formed from relative (coffee, brown, milk) naming animal colors (bay, brown) and non-derivative adjectives (foreign, former).
Adjectives that have only a short form (too small, necessary, much, happy).