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Kapek - and they were "auto" that in his social and political fantasy R.R. they act like workers, but they are able to perform actions planned by a specific program, and have some functional similarity with humans. Not to be confused with more or less ancient mechanical "robots" whose orders were strictly predetermined. interact with environment in which they are immersed, and then can initiate mechanisms feedback, that is, intelligent machines. Raffel was rather rudimentary, using simple relays.

In the 40s, when the problem of manipulation arises radioactive substances, there have been other effective attempts, but to a certain extent. The "robot" was little more than the precise ticks that were kicked out of the human. It was the arrival of the transistor in the late 40s, and then in the early 60s, miniature electronics with the first integrated circuits gave a powerful boost to industrial robots. It is the “birthday of industrial automation” that becomes the master of production processes.

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Later, at the same time, microprocessors became powerful and are now able to receive and store millions and millions of complex instructions and are able to process them without any human intervention, shocked the entire economic and industrial world. These new machines, as well as various functions in different time have the ability to learn and remember, that is, they can quickly and easily learn the sequence of operations they need to perform, remind them and then repeat them on indefinite term.

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There are robots for gluing, for cutting glass, for selecting parts, for printed circuits, handling ovens, heat treatment, metal stamping, plastic molding, unloading machine tools, spot welding, plasma cutting, palletizing and depalletizing, and in this latter sector, it is shocking to experience one of these giant robotic warehouses. Without a mini-human presence inside them, the robot received the order via telematics from the sales office, passes through the various sectors of the warehouse, picks up various items from the shelf, collects them and finally starts shipping to the delivery center with the invoice already paid, the delivery bubble and the invoice with the specified the quantities and costs of individual items and the final amount to be paid by the customer.

Of course, he also performs all the operations in your warehouse, calculating the result, keeping in mind the level of availability of a given product for several days, and when he lowers this level, he already lists all the goods that are used up and then sends them to various suppliers again. integration. But rope rope tools, albeit in different ways, are found in numerous Egyptian, Assyrian, Chaldean, Babylonian, and Greek iconographies.

Mass production different parts the object has already become a productive reality that preserves it. This last, unique of the four elements formulated by Ford, is the stage that develops and integrates the first three into an integrated design, coordinating its production potential synergistically. It consists in the fact that it sequentially connects all processing operations of parts with units through automatic processing systems. In other words, it is a "build chain". The system then spreads to almost all industrial sectors, even constituting a social anxiety for the depersonalization of human labor.

The employee is seen as a simple performer, motivated to work not by his content, but solely by his variable remuneration through production awards and awards. The “worker” no longer requires knowledge of the profession, since the operations that are entrusted to him are elementary and do not require intellectual potential. Wiener is the father of cybernetics, he plans the first systems that can independently program after the three fundamental areas of human knowledge, at 50, comes to such considerations about living organisms better than any humanistic philosopher, intelligent economists and technocrats of the industrial revolution.

In his Introduction to Cybernetics, Wiener explores the consequences of organizing a conveyor line that transforms, but also alienates the world of work, showing that it is not scientifically "reasonable" those considerations that, using the concepts and schemes of cybernetics, tend to evaluate human behavior only on the basis of efficiency and productivity. If you want to draw conclusions about a person, you must study him and accept him as a complex lump and. Some - even politically - after they endorsed a mechanistic system, convinced that they received complete consent and murder, fell out of favor, see collapse in the blink of an eye - often with violent uprisings - the consent of subordinate people in this "slavery" is modern.

When this happens, it happens because people do not become ants, and "people are responsible, but nothing else" except for "men" with all the contradictions. And there is no need for these contradictions, they are exactly what distinguishes us from the cute to Maeterlinck in the Life of the Termites. And this phase after Taylor's industrial revolution is the era of the cyber revolution. the capitalist party is immediately resolved by the "delocalization" of production and the "globalization" of the market. From the very beginning, there was no evidence of the existence of many, even Planck, who suspected that these were only mathematical products devoid of physical meaning.

Instead, “theory of many” as it is called today, it is important to divide physics into “classical physics” before “900” and “modern physics” after graph theory. In fact, Einstein later showed that not only the radiation ol was absorbed by finite quantities, but the radiation itself consisted of elementary granules of energy: "how much light" or "photons".

Planck gave him the right recognition by awarding him the Nobel Prize in Physics at the Mentra. Einstein starts talking about himself. Many thought that these two particles are associated only with electric currents Bequerel during this year began to guess that they were indeed "electrons" bound to atoms. He said "every atom", while Beckel and others Only their radioactive elements were taken into account in their experience, but before the end of the year there was another surprise.

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Studying the two radiations of Bequerel and Rutford, a young French physicist, thirty-year-old Paul Ulrich Viard, discovered that there is "other radiation that was not affected by magnets." The property was very similar to X-rays, but was extremely insightful, coinciding with the emission of alpha and beta rays; Thus, the wavelength was even shorter, they were called Villiard's gamma rays, electrons or positrons. In the first case, they are emitted from nuclei, in which a neutron is converted into a proton, in the second case, from nuclei in which it undergoes the reverse transformation.

Something similar happened many years ago when Edison, with the intention of reducing the incandescent fire on his light bulb, implanted a metal rod next to him. Surprisingly, the electricity has exceeded the gap that separated them and is transferred to the metal plate. Scientists say this was his only purely scientific discovery. Edison did not know what this phenomenon was, he even ran for a patent, but did not find a way to exploit it. He also carefully described it, and was also called the "Edison effect", but was ignored.

Seventeen years later, Richardson began working again with the Edison Effect; his discovery allowed for giant strides in emerging valve technology and then electronics, and later, when this became a reality, Richardson received the right recognition: he was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in Fleming for this bowl called "valve". And since it contains two electrodes, it is also called a "diode".

For forty years this "law" has always been in the drawers of some library, but during this year it returned to the fore. He wanted to grow them in his garden, and for over ten years he could understand, without knowing anything about "Mendel's law", which crosses some species, some improve, others worsen their characteristics. At the same time, in the same years, two other botanists, one German and another Austrian, not knowing each other, had the same experience and the same discovery. The year they decided to publish these results, the three found that the very same things had published them in a more detailed, more rigorous, and precise way, the Abbot Mendel forty years earlier. The "three" met and were honest: all their work presented them as mere confirmation of the abbot's work, and now the science of genetics is beginning to be studied.

Marie de Vries discovered something else in the course of his farmer's experience; In some flowering plants he noticed that they suddenly appeared with remarkable changes, without ending and without any previous selection. He called them "mutations" and canceled the concepts of evolution by Darwin and Lamarck, guessed that Evolution does not always develop gradually in small steps, but sometimes in leaps. Today this concept is an integral part of the theory of evolution.

The relationship between blood groups. Hatch arrows indicate incompatibility. Arrows on the full line indicate compatibility. So far in balloons or balloons, an attempt was made to mount a propeller made by a steam engine, but the attempt to lift them was not an easy task, they were too heavy engines. But when they started spreading small motors from Otto, they soon found their way into a hot air balloon, making it manageable even in the absence of wind, in fact the use of a propeller could guide it in all directions.

Also after the discovery, which could be obtained from aluminum, very light and thin sheets, balloons began to be built with a hull made with this metal, and with much more durable armor, so strong that it could contain a tank with pilots and some passengers.

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In fact, appeared " Balloon". The first aircraft had not yet been realized, so it was the first "steering machine" that could be controlled by history and soon spread throughout Europe and America. In the Italo-Turkish War, the Italians used it for military purposes, and later during the First World War, Germany, France. In Russia, Italy, England and Austria there was an Isonavios fleet, intended for offensive purposes, for reconnaissance and observation. Zeppellin-class airships were built for 26,000 kilometers, they had 750 wealthy enthusiasts. Passengers were trapped in a tragedy, the balloon rushed to the polar bunchish, the passenger ship broke off, became light and lost in heaven, leaving people on the ice.