Why are commemorated at 9 and 40 days. Important days after death

The value of any life is largely related to the fact that it ends sooner or later. According to Orthodox tradition, after the funeral, the soul of the deceased expects a transition to another world. It is believed that the further fate of a person depends not only on the acts committed by him during his lifetime, but also on how his relatives and friends commemorate him. Of particular importance for the self-determination of the soul in the afterlife are 9 and 40 days after death. So how should they be celebrated?

General rules for commemoration

The Orthodox organize a commemoration to pay tribute to a deceased relative. People remember the good deeds done by a person during his lifetime, celebrate him positive traits. At the commemoration, in no case should you scandalize, argue or quarrel. negative emotions relatives and friends, as they say, can complicate the path of the soul of the deceased to a better world.

For the same reason, sobs, despair and loud regrets about the departure of a loved one are inappropriate. In the Orthodox tradition, death is considered an inevitable and natural outcome of life; it is not a tragedy at all. Believers believe that good man don't be afraid of God's judgment. Therefore, at the wake, it is customary to behave calmly, restrainedly and benevolently.

A joint meal brings together relatives, friends and colleagues of the deceased. It is not allowed to send out invitations to commemoration. It is believed that everyone to whom this is important should inquire about the place and time of this event. But it is not forbidden to casually mention in a conversation about the hassle about organizing a funeral meal, which relatives are busy with. This will tell the person that he should come if he himself considers it necessary to be present at this event.

Despite Russian table traditions, Orthodox commemorations do not involve the use of alcoholic beverages. Although this rule is often violated, because the well-established ideas of the people about the worthy farewell of the deceased to another world in this matter do not coincide with religious canons. But in any case, the commemoration should not turn into a banal booze, because this is a sacred action, and not a reason for fun and dancing.

As a rule, it is customary to dress modestly at the wake, in clothes of dark colors. Head scarves are required for women. If the deceased was an elderly person, then the relatives of the deceased wear mourning for 40 days from the moment of his death. For young people who have tragically passed away - husbands, wives, children - they mourn for up to 1 year, all this time adhering to dark tones in clothes.

9 days - the ordeal of the soul begins

According to religious canons, on the ninth day after death, the so-called ordeals of the soul begin when it overcomes various obstacles created by sins. Angels help the deceased in this. As a result, the good deeds performed by a person during his lifetime should outweigh his bad deeds.

The commemoration, organized on day 9, is designed to help the soul of the deceased overcome all obstacles on the way to eternal life. Therefore, on this date, relatives order a funeral prayer service in the church, put candles in front of the icons and read prayers so that the Almighty accepts the soul of the deceased into his Kingdom. And in the house you can light a lamp in memory of the departed person.

On this day, relatives and everyone who feels the need for it visit the grave, bring flowers there. It is believed that for a person whose soul has begun the stage of repentance and cleansing from sins, it is important how the living remember him, whether they pray for him.

An obligatory dish during the memorial meal is kutya. This is a porridge made from whole grains of wheat (less often from barley, rice or other cereals) with the addition of nuts, raisins or other sweets, the dish is poured over with honey or honey full. As a rule, kutya is served at the very beginning of the commemoration.

The list of treats offered to guests on the 9th day varies depending on the region of Russia. But there are also common points. Immediately after kutia, the first course is served - soup or cabbage soup. The second can be meat or lean, it all depends on what time the commemoration had. In addition, on the table are often fish meals and jelly. And the meal ends with pancakes or pancakes.

Of the drinks that are traditionally drunk at the wake, we should mention compote, kvass and kissel. The hosts can also prepare various cereals, pies, cabbage rolls, stuffed peppers, vegetable salads. In addition, there are usually apples and other fruits on the table.

On the 9th day after the death of a relative, it is customary to give alms to people in churches and at the cemetery with a request to pray for the repose of the soul of the deceased. Treats left after the wake are also distributed.

40 days - final goodbye

A very important milestone in farewell to the deceased is 40 days after his death. It is at this time that the human soul is believed to finally leave our mortal world. For the Orthodox, this is a significant date that separates earthly life from eternal.

After 40 days, the soul can visit important places for the last time, see relatives and friends, and then a final decision is made in Heaven about the fate of the deceased. Therefore, these commemorations are very important, because the kind words spoken by people about the deceased will certainly be taken into account by the Supreme Court.

On this day, you should definitely order a funeral service in the church, pray for the soul of the deceased. During the memorial meal, it is forbidden not only to drink alcoholic beverages, but also to sing songs and have fun. The treat, as a rule, differs little from the wake for 9 days, except that a variety of salads are served instead of the first course. Kutia and rich pancakes or fritters are must-have dishes of this meal.

At the table for 40 days, it is customary to remember not only the deceased, but also other relatives who left the world of the living in the foreseeable past. Guests take turns delivering memorial speeches. And the person who is given the floor must get up. Then the deceased must be honored with a minute of silence.

For 40 days, the belongings of the deceased should be distributed to those who need them. At the same time, people are asked to remember the deceased kind word. Relatives keep only photographs and other items that are valuable as a memory of a dear person. If no one took any of the things of the deceased, then it should not be thrown away, but should be taken to the temple or given to charity.

In countries where historically long and strong Christian traditions have developed, everyone knows that after the death of a person, the third day after the sad event, the ninth day and the fortieth day are of particular importance. Almost everyone knows, but many cannot say exactly why these dates - 3 days, 9 days and 40 days - are so important. What happens, according to traditional ideas, with the soul of a person until the ninth day after his departure from earthly life?

Soul Path
Christian ideas about the posthumous path of the human soul may differ depending on one or another denomination. And if in the Orthodox and Catholic picture afterlife and there are still few differences in the fate of the soul in it, then in various Protestant movements the range of opinions is very large - from almost complete identity with Catholicism to leaving far from tradition, up to the complete denial of the existence of hell as a place of eternal torment for the souls of sinners. Therefore, the Orthodox version of what happens to the soul in the first nine days after the beginning of a different, afterlife is more interesting.

The patristic tradition (that is, the recognized body of works of the Fathers of the Church) says that after the death of a person for almost three days his soul has almost complete freedom.

She not only has all the “baggage” from earthly life, that is, hopes, affections, fullness of memory, fears, shame, the desire to complete some unfinished business, and so on, but she is also able to be anywhere. It is generally accepted that during these three days the soul is either near the body, or, if a person died away from home and family, next to his loved ones, or in those places that for some reason were especially expensive or remarkable for this person. On the third tribute, the soul loses the complete freedom of its behavior and is taken by angels to Heaven to worship the Lord there. That is why on the third day, according to tradition, it is necessary to hold a memorial service and thus finally say goodbye to the soul of the deceased.

After worshiping God, the soul goes on a kind of “tour” around paradise: the Kingdom of Heaven is shown to it, it gets an idea of ​​what paradise is, sees that unity of righteous souls with the Lord, which is the goal of human existence, meets with the souls of saints, and the like. This “sightseeing” journey of the soul through paradise lasts six days. And here, according to the Fathers of the Church, the first torments of the soul begin: seeing the heavenly pleasure of the saints, she understands that, due to her sins, she is not worthy to share their fate and is tormented by doubts and fear that she will not go to heaven. On the ninth day, the angels again carry the soul to God so that it can glorify His Love for the saints, which she had just been able to personally observe.

What is important these days for the living
However, according to the Orthodox worldview, nine days after death should not be taken as an exclusively otherworldly matter, which does not seem to concern the surviving relatives of the deceased. On the contrary, forty days after the death of a person are for his relatives and friends the time of the greatest convergence of the earthly world and the Kingdom of Heaven. Because it is during this period that the living can and must make every effort to contribute to the best possible fate of the soul of the deceased, that is, its salvation. To do this, you need to constantly pray, hoping for God's mercy and forgiveness of the soul of its sins. This is important from the point of view of determining the fate of the human soul, that is, where it will expect Doomsday, in heaven or hell. At the Last Judgment, the fate of each soul will be finally decided, so that those of them who were placed in hell have the hope that prayers for her will be heard, she will be forgiven (if they pray for a person, even though he committed many sins, which means that there was something good in him) and will be awarded a place in paradise.

The ninth day after the death of a person is in Orthodoxy, no matter how strange it may sound, almost festive. People believe that for the last six days the soul of the deceased has been in paradise, albeit as a guest, and now it can adequately praise the Creator.

Moreover, it is believed that if a person led a righteous life and good deeds, love for his neighbor and repentance for his own sins won the favor of the Lord, then his posthumous fate can be decided after nine days. Therefore, those close to a person should, firstly, pray especially hard for his soul on this day, and secondly, hold a memorial meal. The commemoration on the ninth day, from the point of view of tradition, should be "uninvited" - that is, they do not need to specially invite anyone. Those who wish the soul of the deceased all the best must themselves remember this responsible day and come without reminders.

However, in reality, wakes are almost always invited in a special way, and if more people are expected than the dwelling can accommodate, then they are held in restaurants or similar establishments. A commemoration on the ninth day is a calm remembrance of the deceased, which should not turn into either an ordinary party or mourning gatherings. It is noteworthy that the Christian concept of the special significance of three, nine and forty days after the death of a person has been adopted by modern occult teachings. But they gave these dates a different meaning: according to one version, the ninth day is indicated by the fact that during this period the body supposedly decomposes; according to another, at this point, that of the bodies dies, after the physical, mental and astral, which can appear as a ghost.

After the funeral, the restless soul is between heaven and earth; many relatives, close people of the deceased ask the main question what happens to the soul on the 9th and 40th day of death. This is an important period for the deceased person, as it is decided where he will go next, where he will spend the rest of eternity in oblivion. The Holy Scripture says that 9 and 40 days after death is the beginning and end of the heavenly path, close people should help so that the soul goes to heaven, finds eternal rest.

Where does the soul reside after death?

According to believers, the souls of the dead are immortal, and their afterlife is determined by the deeds done on earth during their lifetime - good or bad. In Orthodoxy, it is believed that the soul of the deceased does not immediately ascend to heaven, but at first remains in those places where the body previously lived. She will have to stand before God's Court, but for now there is time to see her relatives and friends, to say goodbye to them forever, to get used to the thought of her own death.

Where is the soul of the deceased up to 9 days

The body is buried in the cemetery, but the soul of the deceased person is immortal. Christian church it has been established that the first day after death the soul is in confusion, cannot comprehend what is happening, frightened by separation from the body. On the second day, she wanders around her native places, remembers the best moments of her life, observes the process of burying her own body. There are many places where the soul is after death, but all of them were once dear, close to the heart.

On the third day, she is ascended by angels to heaven, where the gates of paradise open. The soul is shown paradise, the opportunity to find eternal peace, a state of complete peace. On the fourth day, she is lowered underground and shown hell, where all the sins of the deceased and the payment for their commission during life are well known. The soul sees what is happening, awaits the terrible judgment, which begins on the ninth and ends on the fortieth day.

What happens to the soul on day 9

The question of why 9 days are celebrated after death has a well-reasoned answer. On this day, counted from the moment of death, the soul stands before God's court, where only the Almighty will decide where it will continue to spend eternity - in heaven or hell. Therefore, relatives and close people go to the cemetery, commemorate the deceased, pray for his entry into paradise.

How to commemorate

Knowing what happens on the 9th day after death, relatives must definitely commemorate the deceased, and remember only the best, brightest about his life and deeds. Church commemorations will not be superfluous, for example, you can order a magpie for the repose, a memorial service or other Christian rites in the temple. This is only for the good, plus the sincere faith of Orthodox Christians. God releases torment to sinners, and relatives and friends should not be greatly killed for the deceased. To remember correctly, you need:

• speak only good things about the deceased;
• set a modest table, exclude alcohol;
• remember only the good;
• do not laugh, do not have fun, do not rejoice;
• behave modestly, restrained.

What happens to the soul after 9 days

After the 9th day, the soul goes to hell, can clearly see all the torments of sinners, sincerely repent. She must remember all her wrong deeds, confess, admit the wrongness of her own actions and thoughts. This is a difficult stage, so all relatives should only support the deceased in prayers, church rites, thoughts, memories. In order to reliably determine what is happening with departed soul on the 9th and 40th day of death, it is necessary to resort to holy scripture.

Where is the soul of the deceased up to 40 days

Many do not understand why they commemorate for 9 and 40 days. The answer is simple - this is the beginning and end of God's path, which the soul makes before getting its place - in hell or heaven. It turns out that until the 40th day from the moment of the death of the deceased, she is between heaven and earth, experiencing all the pain, longing for her relatives and close people. Therefore, you should not grieve much, otherwise it will be even harder for a deceased person to find eternal peace.

Why celebrate 40 days after death

This is a memorial day - farewell to the restless soul. On this day, she acquires her place in eternity, finds peace, experiences humility. The soul up to 40 days after death is fragile and vulnerable, susceptible to other people's thoughts, insults, slander. She is torn from the inside with pain, but by the 40th day comes a deep calm - the realization of her place in eternity. Then nothing happens, only oblivion, pleasant memories of the life lived.

How to commemorate

Knowing what happens to the soul on the 9th and 40th day of death, loved ones should be compassionate and alleviate its suffering. To do this, you should not be very much killed by the deceased, throw yourself on the chest of the deceased and jump into the grave at the funeral. From such actions, the soul will only get worse, and she experiences acute mental anguish. It is better to mourn in thoughts, pray more and wish her "Land that will become fluff." Relatives are only required to have bright thoughts and complete humility, that God has decreed this, nothing can be changed.

It is necessary to correctly commemorate the deceased on the 9th, 40th day, every year on the day of his sudden death. This is an unpleasant event for the whole family, which should be held in accordance with all the rules. So:

1. Days of commemoration are counted from the moment of death of a person (until midnight). 9 and 40 days of death - the beginning and end of God's path, when the fate of the deceased is determined.
2. Relatives should commemorate the deceased, and the presence of a consecrated kutia is desirable on a modest table. You need to eat at least a spoonful of it.
3. Remembering alcohol is not recommended (God is not allowed), and the table should be modest, the feast is more silent, thoughtful.
4. It is forbidden to remember the bad qualities of the deceased, to swear and swear, if not good words, for everything that happens, it is better to be silent.

Where is the soul after 40 days

After the expiration of the specified period, the soul of a person who died 40 days ago finds peace, forever retires to heaven for eternity. It is possible that she ends up in hell for eternal torment for her deeds. In any case, everything that happens to her next is unknown to a living person, and all that remains is to believe in the best, hope for the will of God, supreme mercy.

Video

In countries where historically there are long and strong Christian traditions, everyone knows that after human death of particular importance are the third day after the sad event, the ninth day and the fortieth day. Almost everyone knows, but many cannot say exactly why these dates - 3 days, 9 days and 40 days - are so important. What happens, according to traditional ideas, with the soul of a person until the ninth day after his departure from earthly life?

Soul Path

Christian ideas about the posthumous path of the human soul may differ depending on one or another denomination. And if in the Orthodox and Catholic picture of the afterlife and the fate of the soul in it there are still few differences, then in various Protestant movements the range of opinions is very large - from almost complete identity with Catholicism to moving away from tradition, up to the complete denial of the existence of hell as places of eternal torment for the souls of sinners. Therefore, the Orthodox version of what happens to the soul in the first nine days after the beginning of a different, afterlife is more interesting.

The patristic tradition (that is, the recognized body of works of the Fathers of the Church) says that after the death of a person for almost three days, his soul has almost complete freedom. She not only has all the “baggage” from earthly life, that is, hopes, affections, fullness of memory, fears, shame, the desire to complete some unfinished business, and so on, but she is also able to be anywhere. It is generally accepted that during these three days the soul is either next to the body, or, if a person died away from home and family, next to his loved ones, or in those places that for some reason were especially expensive or remarkable for this person. On the third tribute, the soul loses the complete freedom of its behavior and is taken by angels to Heaven to worship the Lord there. That is why on the third day, according to tradition, it is necessary to hold a memorial service and thus finally say goodbye to the soul of the deceased.

After worshiping God, the soul goes on a kind of “tour” around paradise: the Kingdom of Heaven is shown to it, it gets an idea of ​​what paradise is, sees that unity of righteous souls with the Lord, which is the goal of human existence, meets with the souls of saints, and the like. This “sightseeing” journey of the soul through paradise lasts six days. And here, according to the Fathers of the Church, the first torments of the soul begin: seeing the heavenly pleasure of the saints, she understands that, due to her sins, she is not worthy to share their fate and is tormented by doubts and fear that she will not go to heaven. On the ninth day, the angels again carry the soul to God so that it can glorify His Love for the saints, which she had just been able to personally observe.

What is important these days for the living

However, according to the Orthodox worldview, nine days after death should not be taken as an exclusively otherworldly matter, which does not seem to concern the surviving relatives of the deceased. On the contrary, forty days after the death of a person are for his relatives and friends the time of the greatest convergence of the earthly world and the Kingdom of Heaven. Because it is during this period that the living can and must make every effort to contribute to the best possible fate of the soul of the deceased, that is, its salvation. To do this, you need to constantly pray, hoping for God's mercy and forgiveness of the soul of its sins. This is important from the point of view of determining the fate of the human soul, that is, where it will await the Last Judgment, in heaven or hell. At the Last Judgment, the fate of each soul will be finally decided, so that those of them who were placed in hell have the hope that prayers for her will be heard, she will be forgiven (if they pray for a person, even though he committed many sins, which means that there was something good in him) and will be awarded a place in paradise.

Ninth day after human death is in Orthodoxy, no matter how strange it may sound, almost festive. People believe that for the last six days the soul of the deceased has been in paradise, albeit as a guest, and now it can adequately praise the Creator. Moreover, it is believed that if a person led a righteous life and with his good deeds, love for his neighbor and repentance for his own sins won the favor of the Lord, then his posthumous fate can be decided after nine days. Therefore, those close to a person should, firstly, pray especially hard for his soul on this day, and secondly, hold a memorial meal. commemoration on the ninth day, from the point of view of tradition, they should be “uninvited” - that is, they do not need to specially invite anyone. Those who wish the soul of the deceased all the best must themselves remember this responsible day and come without reminders.

However, in reality, wakes are almost always invited in a special way, and if more people are expected than the dwelling can accommodate, then they are held in restaurants or similar establishments. commemoration on the ninth day, this is a calm remembrance of the deceased, which should not turn into either an ordinary party or mourning gatherings. It is noteworthy that the Christian concept of the special significance of three, nine and forty days after the death of a person has been adopted by modern occult teachings. But they gave these dates a different meaning: according to one version, the ninth day is indicated by the fact that during this period the body supposedly decomposes; according to another, at this turn, one of the bodies dies, after the physical, mental and astral, which can appear as a ghost. 40 days after death: the last frontier

In the Orthodox tradition, the third, ninth and fortieth days after the death of a person have a certain meaning for his soul. But it is the fortieth day that is of particular importance: for believers, this is the boundary that finally separates earthly life from eternal life. That's why 40 days after death, from a religious point of view, the date is even more tragic than the very fact of physical death.

Fight for the soul between hell and heaven

According to Orthodox ideas, which originate from the holy cases described in the Lives, from the theological works of the Church Fathers and from canonical services, the human soul from the ninth to the fortieth day passes through a series of obstacles called air ordeals. From the moment of death until the third day, a person's soul resides on earth and can be near their loved ones or travel anywhere. From the third to the ninth days, she stays in paradise, where she is given the opportunity to appreciate the blessings that the Lord, as a reward for a righteous or holy life, gives to souls in the Kingdom of Heaven.

The ordeals, however, begin from the ninth day and represent such obstacles in which nothing depends on the human soul itself. A person changes the ratio of his good and evil thoughts, words and deeds only in earthly life, after death he is no longer able to add or subtract anything. Ordeals are, in fact, "judicial competitions" between representatives of hell (demons) and paradise (angels), which have an analogy in the debate between the prosecutor and the lawyer. There are twenty ordeals in total, and they represent certain sinful passions to which all people are subject. During each ordeal, demons present a list of a person’s sins associated with this passion, and angels announce a list of his good deeds. It is generally accepted that if the list of sins for each ordeal turns out to be more solid than the list of good deeds, then the soul of a person goes to hell if, by God's mercy, good deeds do not multiply. If there are more good deeds, the soul moves on to the next ordeal, as in the case if there are equal numbers of sins and good deeds.

The final decision of the fate

The doctrine of aerial ordeals is not canonical, that is, it is not included in the main dogma of Orthodoxy. However, the authority of patristic literature has led to the fact that for many centuries such ideas about the posthumous path of the soul are actually the only ones within this religious denomination. The period from the ninth to fortieth day after death a person is considered the most important, and the fortieth day itself is perhaps the most tragic date, even compared to death itself. The fact is that, according to Orthodox ideas, on the fortieth day, after going through the ordeals and seeing all the horrors and torments that await sinners in hell, the human soul appears for the third time directly before God (for the first time - on the third day, the second time - on the ninth day). And it is at this moment that the fate of the soul is decided - where to stay until the Last Judgment, in hell or in the Kingdom of Heaven.

It is believed that by that time the soul had already passed all possible tests, which were to determine whether a person could earn salvation with his earthly life. The soul has already seen paradise and could feel how worthy or unworthy it is to share the fate of the righteous and saints. She has already gone through ordeals and imagines how numerous and serious her sins are. By this time, she should completely repent and trust only in God's mercy. That is why the fortieth day after death is perceived by the Church and relatives of the deceased as a key milestone, after which the soul goes either to heaven or hell. It is necessary to pray diligently for the soul of the deceased, based on at least three motives. Firstly, prayer can influence the Lord's decision regarding the fate of the soul: attention is drawn both to the very fact of indifference of those close to a person, and to the possible intercession before God of the saints whom they pray. Secondly, if the soul is nevertheless sent to hell, this does not yet mean final death for it: the fate of all people will be finally decided during the Last Judgment, which means that there is still an opportunity to change the decision by prayers. Thirdly, if the soul of a person has found the Kingdom of Heaven, it is necessary to adequately thank God for the mercy He has shown.

Please explain what the 3rd, 9th and 40th days after the death of a person mean. What is going through and where is the soul of the deceased these days?

Priest Afanasy Gumerov, a resident of the Sretensky Monastery, answers:

Our earthly existence is a preparation for the future life: “it is appointed for men to die once, and then judgment” (Heb. 9:27). Post-mortem experiences testify that, freed from bodily stoutness, the soul becomes more active. The trials that she undergoes immediately after separation from the body are of a spiritual and moral nature. All that she did good and bad remains. Therefore, for the soul, from the very beginning of the afterlife (even before the Judgment), joys or sufferings begin, depending on how it lived on earth. The Monk John Cassian writes: “The souls of the dead not only do not lose their feelings, but they do not lose their dispositions, i.e. hopes and fears, joys and sorrows, and some of what they expect for themselves at the universal judgment, they already begin to anticipate, contrary to the opinion of some unbelievers, that after the exodus from this life they are destroyed into nothing; they become even more alive and zealously cling to the glorification of God” (Conversation 1, ch. 14). In the first two days, freed from the mortal body, the soul enjoys freedom and can visit those places on earth that were dear to her. But on the third day it falls into other areas. A revelation given by an angel to Saint Macarius of Alexandria (he died in 395) is known: “When an offering takes place in the Church on the third day, the soul of the deceased receives relief from the angel guarding it in sorrow, which it feels from separation from the body; receives because the doxology and offering in the Church of God has been completed for her, which is why a good hope is born in her. For in the course of two days the soul, together with the angels who are with it, is allowed to walk the earth wherever it wishes. Therefore the soul body loving, sometimes wanders around the house in which she parted from the body, sometimes around the coffin in which the body is laid<...>And the virtuous soul goes to those places where it used to do the right thing. On the third day, He who rose from the dead on the third day - the God of all - commands, in imitation of His Resurrection, to ascend to heaven for every Christian soul to worship the God of all. So it is the custom of the good Church to make an offering and prayer for the soul on the third day. After worshiping God, He is commanded to show the soul the various and pleasant abodes of the saints and the beauty of paradise. All this is considered by the soul for six days, wondering and glorifying the Creator of all this - God. Contemplating all this, she changes and forgets the sorrow she had while in the body. But if she is guilty of sins, then at the sight of the pleasures of the saints, she begins to grieve and reproach herself, saying: “Alas!” to me! How I fussed in that world! Carried away by the satisfaction of lusts, I spent most of my life in carelessness and did not serve God as I should, so that I could also be rewarded with this goodness.<...>After considering all the joys of the righteous for six days, she again ascends by angels to worship God. So, the Church does well, making services and offerings for the deceased on the ninth day. After the second worship, the Lord of all again commands to take the soul to hell and show it the places of torment located there, the different sections of hell and the various wicked torments.<...>Through these various places of torment the soul rushes about for thirty days, trembling, lest it itself be condemned to imprisonment in them. On the fortieth day, she again ascends to worship God; and then the Judge determines a decent place for her in deeds<...>So, the Church is doing the right thing, making commemoration of the departed and those who received Baptism ”(St. Macarius of Alexandria. A word on the exodus of the souls of the righteous and sinners ..., - “Christian Reading”, 1831, part 43, p. 123-31; “How to conduct soul for the first forty days after leaving the body, M., 1999, pp. 13-19).