At the end of the twentieth century, gastritis was thought to be widespread among students and adults. Today, cases of stomach inflammation are also being recorded in children: there are more of them every day. Mainly at a younger age, the disease progresses due to unhealthy eating and negative emotions arising from difficulties in kindergarten or school. Gastritis can occur in adolescence, even at 1 year of age. As a rule, gastritis is common among schoolchildren. Lack of time to rest and eat negatively affects the functioning of the stomach. In many schools, the food is not good enough; the child prefers to snack on other snacks. Today, gastritis most often occurs at age 10.
During gastritis, children often lose their appetite, and eating food causes discomfort. Pain occurs during hunger and is localized in the abdomen. Sometimes sour belching and heartburn occur. Gastritis is characterized by an increase in the level of acidity of gastric juice, which provokes a decline in health. Parents are in a panic - what to feed their children?
If you have symptoms of gastritis, you should consult a gastroenterologist. Based on the data obtained from the examination, the doctor prescribes treatment. Therapy for gastritis is carried out in different ways, even with the help of diet. Proper nutrition blocks the development of complications in the stomach and is considered an important point in the prevention of gastritis.
If you have gastritis, it is recommended to contact a gastroenterologist and a nutritionist to prescribe a list of allowed foods. It is important to adhere to a special diet. This applies not only to periods of exacerbation of the disease. As practice shows, children who adhere to proper nutrition are less susceptible to stomach upset. You should eat 5-6 times a day, meals are taken at a set time. The child is supposed to have two hearty breakfasts, lunch, afternoon snack and dinner. This is the first principle of diet treatment.
The second principle is that products must be fresh and prepared in a special way. It is not allowed to eat food prepared several days ago. During cooking, you should not add various artificial food additives to food. You can replace it with any natural products: fruits, vegetables or herbs. Steam is considered a useful way to cook food; it is permissible to simmer food over low heat with the addition of water, or use the oven. During the process, you will need to monitor so that a crust does not form on the food.
When preparing all types of soup, it is advisable to use a mucous decoction. It envelops the walls of the epigastrium, having a beneficial effect on the functioning of the stomach. Different types of cereals and vegetables are suitable for soups. It is recommended to use cream and butter as filling. It is allowed to feed the child meat; meat dishes are allowed during the diet. The nature of the preparation is taken into account. If the meat is soft, it is worth boiling the piece. Hard varieties should be used only when preparing minced meat, cutlets or meatballs.
The essence of the third principle of diet therapy is that the diet certainly includes healthy foods. Slimy porridges will have a beneficial effect on the body of a child with gastritis. They distinguish pearl barley, rice and buckwheat: it will not be harmful to cook these types together. Remember about oatmeal, the dish is very beneficial for the body, especially in combination with milk.
It is good for a child to eat vegetables. It can be served fresh, prepared in the form of soups. The main thing is that the vegetables are washed. Doctors recommend washing a number of vegetables with a sponge. At 2 years old it is advisable to serve pureed.
Diet for inflammation of the epigastrium excludes any canned food, fried foods, strong drinks, and foods high in sugar. Not all vegetables are allowed to be eaten. You will have to exclude white cabbage, radishes and beans. The diet for gastritis in a child allows the presence of peas, in the form of puree.
In the menu of a child with gastritis, most of the products should be vegetables, fresh or cooked. If the disease has worsened, you should not eat raw vegetables. It is worth going on a diet until complete recovery.
Diet therapy for acute gastritis
A diet for acute inflammation is prescribed to ease the work of the stomach. A special diet is considered an important point in treatment. Baby food should have a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract and not cause irritation to the damaged gastric mucosa. Doctors recommend trying not to eat for the first days of treatment. The rule does not apply to children under 8 years of age. The absence of food allows the mucous membrane to return to normal without being constantly exposed to irritants.
When the disease begins to manifest itself more clearly than before, the patient should adhere to a water diet. Explanation - in the acute form of inflammation of the epigastrium, children may experience nausea or vomiting, due to which a sufficient amount of fluid is lost. The phenomenon is associated with the risk of dehydration; children will need to drink a lot of water.
For the first part of the day, the child is recommended to strictly maintain a diet of water and tea. Sometimes the regimen lasts six hours, mainly for children under 7 years old. During this period, the child should be served chilled tea, not strong. The water has been boiled. You can't drink juices. If dehydration occurs, the child takes special solutions. The exact amount of fluid is prescribed by the doctor, assessing the current state of the patient’s body.
After twelve hours, you are allowed to eat liquid food. As a rule, it is represented by slimy soups with crushed components. If heartburn is present among the patient's symptoms, potatoes, especially mashed potatoes, are contraindicated. After 3-4 days, the child eats steamed meat dishes. After another day or two, dishes with added milk, fruits and juices are included in the diet.
When acute gastritis is completely cured, the child continues to adhere to a special diet. So his diet should be free of fatty, spicy and salty foods. Nutritionists believe that table No. 1 is best suited for the body during this period.
Table No. 1
When the symptoms of gastritis go away, doctors recommend sticking to table No. 1. The diet minimizes the presence of table salt in food and eliminates from the menu foods that can cause damage to the organs of the digestive tract. Meals should be taken in small portions: from five times a day, in small portions. The diet does not harm children; on the contrary, it promotes complete recovery
In the morning, children are recommended to drink cooled, weak tea. Cook the omelette without adding oil, by steaming it. White dried bread is allowed. After some time, milk porridge and rice are served with the addition of a small amount of butter. Milk or cocoa are recommended drinks.
Lunch includes vegetable soups cooked in slimy broth, without white cabbage. It is allowed to feed children with gastritis boiled eggs. It is possible to serve meat dishes, especially steamed cutlets, and prepare pasta for them. The tea is not strong. The afternoon snack consists of fruits and curd products.
It is good for your child to eat pureed vegetables for dinner. It is recommended to boil the chicken and remove the skin. A slice of day-old bread is allowed.
If the pain begins to return, the child should stick to table No. 1a. It is almost no different from table No. 1. Table No. 1a excludes any vegetables and fruits from the diet.
Diet for chronic gastritis
Nutritionists pay attention to the chronic form of gastritis. It is believed that when choosing a diet, the ability of the stomach to form acid is taken into account. There are two types of inflammation: in the first, acidity is high, in the second, low. If a child suffers from gastritis with low acidity, the stomach has difficulty coping with large amounts of food. You will have to exclude from the menu foods that take a long time to digest. Nutrition for gastritis should facilitate the functioning of the digestive organs and promote the secretion of gastric juice.
During gastritis with increased secretion, the stomach, on the contrary, produces an excess of hydrochloric acid. The main goal of diet therapy is to neutralize the negative effects of gastric juice on the body. It is important to remove coarse foods from the diet, among them bread and vegetables. You should not eat fried food. Products that provoke the release of acid are prohibited: carbonated drinks, meat broths and spices. High-temperature dishes are prohibited so as not to cause more damage to the gastrointestinal tract. Too cold is harmful. An acceptable temperature is considered to be no less than 20 and no higher than 40 degrees.
Gastritis with low acidity
Feeding a child with gastritis eliminates spicy, fried and salty foods, any canned food, carbonated drinks, coffee, raw fruits and vegetables. Malnutrition must not be tolerated. Food is served at a fixed time so that there is no pain in the stomach.
As a rule, the nutritionist first prescribes a diet for the first 9 days. The menu contains meat and fish dishes, without fat. It is recommended to cook food by steaming, stewing or baking. Vegetables and fruits should be carefully processed; a child should not eat them raw.
Gastritis with high acidity
If it is characterized by increased secretion, the doctor prescribes a diet that includes mucous cereals and vegetables containing a minimum of fiber. When the symptoms of the disease are most acute, the child is prohibited from eating unprocessed vegetables. It is advisable to bake or prepare it as a puree. In addition to slimy porridges and vegetable dishes, you are allowed to eat yesterday's bread, various soups, and small pasta. It is permissible to serve meat and fish without fat content, boiled eggs, no more than three per week. Steamed omelettes, peas, non-acidic berries, and dishes containing milk are acceptable. Drinks allowed include sweet juices, compotes, milk and cool, weak tea.
It is prohibited to include in the menu products that reduce the effectiveness of diet therapy and lead to a deterioration in the child’s condition. Among these are pecked bread, any dishes with a high fat content, hot spices, mayonnaise, mushrooms, beans, smoked products, canned food, some types of vegetables, overly sour fruits, and sweets. It is undesirable to drink strong tea, coffee and sparkling water.
Why is diet beneficial?
In children, it is considered an indispensable method in the fight against diseases, but before a radical change in the child’s diet, it is recommended to visit a gastroenterologist for a thorough examination and prescription of the correct diet.
A healthy diet effectively combats disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and protects the body from further development of gastritis. Every parent is supposed to instill in their child the habit of eating right from childhood. Today, gastritis is considered a common disease; it is important to prevent its development in advance.
Prescribing a strict diet during exacerbation of chronic gastritis, even in adults, often causes a negative reaction. What can we say about children who find it difficult to explain the need for a balanced diet?
Parents face a difficult task. After all, if dietary dishes cause rejection and stress reactions in the child, this will only aggravate the problem.
Meanwhile, statistics indicate the widespread prevalence of juvenile (children's) gastritis. Among all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, chronic gastroduodenitis accounts for 45% in primary schoolchildren, 73% in middle school students and 65% in adolescents. At the same time, the decrease in the incidence rate among schoolchildren of the older age group is associated with the transformation of the inflammatory process into peptic ulcer disease.
What can a child do if he has an inflammation of the stomach?
- Compliance with the regimen and frequency of meals. Meals should be 4-6 times a day, not too plentiful, so as not to cause a feeling of overeating. It is very important to explain to the child the need to arrive on time for lunch or afternoon snack after a walk, and to organize adequate nutrition at school or preschool educational institutions.
- Thermal, mechanical, chemical sparing of the affected organ. It is necessary to exclude from the diet all products containing substances that irritate the stomach: fried foods (including French fries), fast food, chips, spices, chewing gum, store-bought juices that are full of preservatives, flavorings, and flavor enhancers. Any carbonated drinks are prohibited due to the negative effect of carbon dioxide on the mucous membranes, as well as confectionery products. Cakes, pastries, and pastries are considered difficult-to-digest, heavy foods, and ice cream is considered too cold a product for sensitive mucous membranes. It is better to replace all these desserts with fruits, jellies, puddings, savory pastries, marshmallows or marshmallows, and ice cream with a milkshake with added fruit.
- Giving visual appeal and positive taste to dietary dishes. This is especially important for younger children, for whom the concepts of “beautiful” and “tasty” are on the same plane.
- Providing the growing body with a complete set of nutrients adequate to age-related needs. On this point, general dietary recommendations for gastritis vary somewhat for different age groups.
Nutrition for 4-6 years
During an exacerbation, diet No. 1a according to Pevzner is recommended, including liquid, semi-liquid, pureed dishes. The daily calorie content of this diet is at the lower limit of the norm, so as not to overload the stomach. It is not advisable to eat this way for more than 3 days.
After completion of the most acute stage of the disease, diet No. 1b is recommended. The basic principles of nutrition (chopped warm, gentle food) remain the same, the diet is slightly expanded, and the overall energy value of the dishes increases. This diet is more complete and balanced, so if necessary, it can be followed for up to one and a half months.
After the onset of remission, the little patient is gradually transferred to table No. 1 for hyperacid gastritis. It is permissible to reduce the frequency of meals and increase the calorie content of dishes. There is no longer any need to grind everything into a puree, and serve the meat only as minced meat. However, you need to explain to your baby the need to chew food thoroughly and take your time while eating. Products that stimulate gastric secretion (most raw vegetables, fruits, chocolate, cocoa, smoked foods) are prohibited.
If the acidity of gastric juice is reduced (which is quite rare at a young age), then it is advisable to transfer the baby to table No. 2, which involves eating lighter, more quickly digestible foods (vegetables without coarse fiber, lean meat and fish).
Advice from experienced parents. It is better to explain to children the importance of therapeutic nutrition in a playful way. For example, you can compose and act out a fairy tale about a sick stomach that feels bad when chocolates or cakes come to visit. And then show how the stomach rejoices at meeting milk, potatoes, and apples.
The daily calorie content of diet No. 1 for children 4-6 years old with gastritis is 2084 kcal, protein content - 71 g, fat - 75 g, carbohydrates - 281 g.
Nutrition for 7-10 years
All of the above nutritional principles, depending on the severity of gastritis symptoms, are similar for primary and secondary school age.
The problem lies precisely in the organization of dietary nutrition in an educational institution. In each specific case, the issue is resolved individually.
It is possible to prepare appropriate dietary meals for the student directly at the educational institution. This usually requires the opinion of a pediatrician or gastroenterologist with appropriate recommendations. Sometimes parents prepare school lunches at home.
It all depends on the food conditions at school. In any case, you need to give your child diet cookies, pies, and gummies for a snack. If you have gastritis, you need to eat more often, and food purchased at the school cafeteria, as a rule, does not comply with the principles of therapeutic nutrition.
Energy value per day for children 7-10 years old: 2343 kcal, proteins – 82 g, fats – 87 g, carbohydrates – 335 g.
Meals for 11-15 years old
Explaining the need to follow a diet to teenagers is even more difficult than to preschoolers. Firstly, during this period children do not want to “break away from the team,” including in relation to nutrition, and secondly, the spirit of contradiction and a decrease in parental authority play a role.
It is very important that the teenager does not feel discriminated against due to the need to follow a diet. For example, you can prepare homemade chips without harmful additives, elegant, delicious fruit and vegetable smoothies, and replace hamburgers with toasted bread sandwiches with dietary ingredients.
The daily calorie content for children from 11 to 15 years old suffering from gastritis should be 2800 kcal, protein content - 96 g, fat - 98 g, carbohydrates - 384 g.
Briefly about permitted products
Once again, we will dwell in more detail on what you can and cannot eat with juvenile gastritis.
Allowed:
- vegetable, pureed, cereal soups;
- weak broths;
- most porridges (rice, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat);
- pasta;
- lean tender meat (beef, chicken, rabbit, turkey);
- seafood (shrimp, squid, perch, hake, tilapia, flounder, trout);
- thermally processed vegetables (beets, melons, potatoes, carrots);
- non-acidic fruits (apples, pears, persimmons, bananas);
- sweets (natural marmalade, marshmallows, mousses, jellies);
- unhealthy baked goods;
- rosehip decoction, fresh fruit and vegetable juices and smoothies, jelly, weak tea;
- whole milk, fermented milk products.
Prohibited:
- dressing, spicy soups;
- rich broths;
- fatty meat (lamb, pork, duck) and fish (sturgeon, halibut) products;
- some porridges (millet, corn);
- smoked meats, marinades;
- hard-to-digest vegetables (turnips, legumes, corn, radishes, fresh onions and garlic);
- sour fruits (citrus fruits, pomegranate, grapes);
- cakes, pastries, ice cream, chips, chocolate;
- gas-water, coffee, cocoa, infused black tea.
Examples of menu design
Let's consider several menu options for the day for children of different ages.
For 5 years
Breakfast: oatmeal with milk and apple pieces.
Lunch: cheesecakes with low-fat sour cream.
Dinner: pumpkin cream soup, veal and rice hedgehogs, stewed cauliflower and broccoli mix, apple jelly.
Afternoon snack: croutons with soft cheese, rosehip drink.
Dinner: baked fish pie with hake, marmalade, chamomile tea.
Before bedtime: a glass of milk.
For 10 years
Breakfast: semolina porridge with fruit infusion.
Lunch: cottage cheese casserole with persimmon.
Dinner: milk noodle soup, tilapia under a potato coat, dried fruit compote without berries.
Afternoon snack: inconvenient apple pies, weak tea.
Dinner: zucchini boats with lean minced meat, fruit jelly, pumpkin juice.
Before bedtime: banana milkshake.
For 13 years old
Breakfast: buckwheat porridge with pumpkin.
Lunch: manna, diluted tea.
Dinner: vegetable soup with beef meatballs, pasta with chicken fillet in cream sauce, fruit and berry jelly.
Afternoon snack: natural potato chips, fruit smoothie.
Dinner: squid stewed with vegetables, vanilla marshmallow, herbal tea.
Before bedtime: a glass of fermented baked milk.
Everything delicious is for children
We bring to your attention recipes from the children's menu that may appeal to children and teenagers.
Advice. For younger children, pay special attention to the beautiful design of dishes: decorate with herbs, cut out figures from vegetables, draw funny faces on sandwiches.
Tilapia under a potato coat
You will need:
- 6 pcs. tilapia fillet;
- 6 potatoes;
- 1 carrot;
- 1 egg;
- 1 tbsp. l. low-fat sour cream;
- 60 g mild cheese;
- salt to taste;
- 1 tbsp. l. olive oil.
Preparation:
- Boil potatoes and carrots, grate on a coarse grater.
- Add salt, sour cream, egg to the vegetables. Mix everything.
- Coarsely grate the cheese.
- Salt the tilapia fillet, sprinkle with oil, and place on a baking sheet.
- Place the vegetable mixture on each fish and press lightly.
- Sprinkle cheese on top of each piece and place in the oven for 30-40 minutes, temperature – 180°.
Natural potato chips
Ingredients:
- 500 g potatoes;
- 2-3 tbsp. l. olive oil;
- salt to taste;
- 2 sprigs of dill;
- 2 sprigs of parsley.
Action plan:
- Peel the potatoes, cut into thin slices. Potatoes should be selected varieties that are not too watery and have a high dry matter content.
- Finely chop the greens.
- Salt the potatoes, add dill with parsley, olive oil. Let it brew for half an hour.
- Place the potato slices on a sheet and place in the oven preheated to 200 degrees.
- Cook for 15 to 30 minutes depending on the desired degree of drying.
- Can be served with low-fat sour cream.
When a child has health problems, it is important for parents not only to follow all recommendations for treatment and lifestyle changes, but also to take care of the emotional state of their son or daughter. To ensure that the need to follow a diet does not negatively affect the psychological status of the child, it is important to learn how to deliciously prepare permitted dishes and present them appetizingly.
Useful video
We invite you to learn the secret of perfect cheesecakes from the video recipe.
After the condition normalizes, the diet can gradually be expanded. And in all doubtful cases, it is better to consult a doctor. He will help you choose a diet and advise you on what foods it is advisable to add to your diet.
General rules
In modern conditions, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which were characteristic only of adults, began to be observed in children. Often the onset of the disease occurs in preschool age. It is not uncommon for children to gastritis, esophagitis And duodenitis and the number of children suffering from them has increased. If earlier erosive esophagitis was considered an “adult” disease and not typical for children, now it is often diagnosed in schoolchildren and preschoolers. An important feature of gastrointestinal diseases in children is their combined nature, when several parts of the digestive tract are involved in the process.
Acute gastritis, which is associated with the consumption of low-quality products, poisoning with household liquids (often in children under one year of age due to accidental intake of various detergents), proceeds violently, does not go unnoticed and often requires hospitalization. A peculiarity of chronic gastric diseases in children is the asymptomatic and mild nature of the course, and this complicates their diagnosis.
The reasons for the chronicity of the process are:
- Unhealthy diet and poor eating habits. Often the share of fast food in children's diets increases. Families do not always pay due attention to healthy eating. If you offer your child a bowl of soup and a burger, his choice will fall on the latter. From an early age, a child is accustomed to food with a high content of flavor enhancers, fats, sugar: carbonated drinks, juices with preservatives, sausages, semi-finished products, cakes with cream, shelf-stable confectionery. All these products have a detrimental effect on the condition of the gastric mucosa.
- Violation of the diet, which is very important for the harmonious functioning of the digestive system. Eating food at the same time teaches the digestive organs to develop a certain rhythm of secretion of enzymes and juices, work synchronously and digest food efficiently. In the absence of a regime, the digestive system cannot fully cope with incoming products, especially if it is loaded with fried or fatty foods.
- Helicobacter Pylori infection. It is generally accepted that this infection predisposes to a chronic inflammatory process. The bacterium is detected in children under one year of age and older. Children become infected from their parents, and treatment requires mandatory anti-Helicobacter therapy.
- Stress and anxiety, anxiety, overload at school and lack of sleep.
- Changes in hormonal levels during puberty.
At gastritis The child develops pain in the upper abdomen. Young children cannot indicate the location of the pain; they often characterize their condition as “stomach pain.” In some children, this symptom is not very pronounced, and nausea, poor appetite and vomiting predominate.
Older children may complain about heartburn, belching sour or with an unpleasant aftertaste. There may be general weakness and drowsiness and indigestion (diarrhea, bloating). In a chronic course it develops avitaminosis.
Treatment of chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis includes taking antacid, anti-Helicobacter and antisecretory drugs. Nutritional treatment for gastritis in children is considered the main method of rehabilitation.
Baby food should be clearly organized:
- Eating on a regular schedule.
- Eating only fresh and natural products prepared at home or in the kindergarten catering unit.
- Cooking food in accordance with the principles of nutrition. It is advisable for this disease to be cooked in the form of boiling, stewing and steaming, and according to indications - pureed. This provides mechanical and chemical sparing of the mucous membrane.
- Diversify the diet - include products of animal and plant origin so that the child receives all the necessary components.
- Establishing a daily routine - lessons, additional clubs, rest and outdoor games.
- Use a minimum of salt and sugar when preparing dishes.
- Exclusion from the diet of sweet fruit waters, fast food, sweets, chocolate, candies, semi-finished products, black bread, smoked foods, fatty and spicy foods, mushrooms, coffee, cocoa, sauces, ketchup, vinegar, mayonnaise and various spices.
Food in composition and quantity of all components must meet the needs of the body and meet age standards. Depending on the stage of the process, diets are used in which the degree of mechanical and chemical sparing is successively reduced.
During the period of exacerbation, if there is such a need, children are prescribed the most gentle Diet No. 1A. During this period, food is given only in liquid or mushy form. The amount of food consumed at one time is significantly reduced. Avoid eating bread and any vegetables. Since there are significant dietary restrictions and it is not balanced, it can only be used for 3-4 days.
The child can use:
- Slimy soups (decoctions of semolina, oatmeal or rice) with the addition of beaten eggs, cream, butter.
- Meat, poultry and fish in the form of puree, passed through a meat grinder several times and brought to a pasty state with boiled water.
- Milk, steamed fresh cottage cheese soufflé, cream for dishes.
- Steam omelet and soft-boiled eggs.
- Liquid pureed porridge (rice, buckwheat, oatmeal) with milk or porridge made from cereal flour with milk, butter or cream.
- Kissels made from sweet berries and jelly of sweet pureed fruits.
- Juices (carrot, apple, pumpkin) diluted, weak tea, herbal decoctions.
During the period of subsidence of manifestations gastritis less gentle treatment is prescribed Diet 1B. The diet includes pureed soups and pureed milk porridges, pureed vegetables and fruits. Meat and fish dishes are enhanced with steamed quenelles and cutlets. In general, the amount of food consumed per day increases. A child can remain on this diet for up to one month. During the period of recovery and remission, it is recommended to switch to the main table, which will be discussed below.
It is recommended to adhere to these diets, replacing each other, from three months to 1 year. However, even an expanded version of a child’s diet should not contain lamb, pork, all kinds of smoked meats, canned meat, fish and vegetables, mushrooms, and ready-made confectionery products with preservatives and dyes.
Authorized Products
The diet for gastritis in children includes the use of:
- Lean meat and poultry. To prepare dishes, you can use beef, veal, chicken or turkey. Mostly dishes are prepared from minced meat or minced meat - soufflés, pates, cutlets, zrazy, meatballs, quenelles. Tender meat can be offered in pieces, or cooked in the oven using foil.
- Soups made with vegetable broths or water, to which oatmeal, semolina, buckwheat, cereals and rice are added.
- Soups can be pureed or not, and finely chopped vegetables can be added to them. To improve the taste, first courses are flavored with cream, beaten egg and butter are added, meatballs or rolled boiled meat are added.
- Fish in the form of steamed or stewed minced products: cutlets, meatballs, dumplings, lump fish. For cooking I use low-fat dietary fish (pike, pike perch, hake, cod, pollock, pollock, ice fish, blue whiting).
- Potatoes, young green peas, carrots, zucchini, pumpkin - they are prepared in the form of puree with the addition of cream and butter.
- Dried wheat bread, white bread croutons, savory pastries with cottage cheese or apples.
- Homemade sauces - milk, sour cream or cream.
- Cereals and flours made from buckwheat, oatmeal, semolina, and rice, from which porridge is prepared with milk or water, depending on the child’s preference.
- Milk, non-acidic cottage cheese in a semi-liquid state, cottage cheese soufflé, milk jelly. The child can drink warm milk if tolerated well.
- Soft-boiled eggs or steam omelet.
- Berry jelly and jellies, baked apples, which after cooking can be drizzled with honey.
- Butter.
- Weak tea with milk, diluted berry juices, carrot and pumpkin juice.
Table of permitted products
| Proteins, g | Fats, g | Carbohydrates, g | Calories, kcal | |
Vegetables and greens |
||||
| zucchini | 0,6 | 0,3 | 4,6 | 24 |
| cauliflower | 2,5 | 0,3 | 5,4 | 30 |
| potato | 2,0 | 0,4 | 18,1 | 80 |
| carrot | 1,3 | 0,1 | 6,9 | 32 |
| beet | 1,5 | 0,1 | 8,8 | 40 |
| pumpkin | 1,3 | 0,3 | 7,7 | 28 |
Fruits |
||||
| apricots | 0,9 | 0,1 | 10,8 | 41 |
| bananas | 1,5 | 0,2 | 21,8 | 95 |
| nectarine | 0,9 | 0,2 | 11,8 | 48 |
| peaches | 0,9 | 0,1 | 11,3 | 46 |
| apples | 0,4 | 0,4 | 9,8 | 47 |
Berries |
||||
| strawberry | 0,8 | 0,4 | 7,5 | 41 |
| raspberries | 0,8 | 0,5 | 8,3 | 46 |
Cereals and porridges |
||||
| buckwheat (kernel) | 12,6 | 3,3 | 62,1 | 313 |
| semolina | 10,3 | 1,0 | 73,3 | 328 |
| cereals | 11,9 | 7,2 | 69,3 | 366 |
| white rice | 6,7 | 0,7 | 78,9 | 344 |
Flour and pasta |
||||
| noodles | 12,0 | 3,7 | 60,1 | 322 |
Bakery products |
||||
| white bread crackers | 11,2 | 1,4 | 72,2 | 331 |
Confectionery |
||||
| jam | 0,3 | 0,2 | 63,0 | 263 |
| jelly | 2,7 | 0,0 | 17,9 | 79 |
| marshmallows | 0,8 | 0,0 | 78,5 | 304 |
| meringues | 2,6 | 20,8 | 60,5 | 440 |
| paste | 0,5 | 0,0 | 80,8 | 310 |
| Maria cookies | 8,7 | 8,8 | 70,9 | 400 |
Raw materials and seasonings |
||||
| honey | 0,8 | 0,0 | 81,5 | 329 |
| sugar | 0,0 | 0,0 | 99,7 | 398 |
| milk sauce | 2,0 | 7,1 | 5,2 | 84 |
Dairy |
||||
| milk | 3,2 | 3,6 | 4,8 | 64 |
| cream | 2,8 | 20,0 | 3,7 | 205 |
| sour cream | 2,8 | 20,0 | 3,2 | 206 |
| curdled milk | 2,9 | 2,5 | 4,1 | 53 |
Cheeses and cottage cheese |
||||
| cottage cheese | 17,2 | 5,0 | 1,8 | 121 |
Meat products |
||||
| boiled beef | 25,8 | 16,8 | 0,0 | 254 |
| beef liver | 17,4 | 3,1 | 0,0 | 98 |
| boiled beef tongue | 23,9 | 15,0 | 0,0 | 231 |
| boiled veal | 30,7 | 0,9 | 0,0 | 131 |
| rabbit | 21,0 | 8,0 | 0,0 | 156 |
Bird |
||||
| boiled chicken | 25,2 | 7,4 | 0,0 | 170 |
| turkey | 19,2 | 0,7 | 0,0 | 84 |
Eggs |
||||
| chicken eggs | 12,7 | 10,9 | 0,7 | 157 |
Oils and fats |
||||
| butter | 0,5 | 82,5 | 0,8 | 748 |
| ghee | 0,2 | 99,0 | 0,0 | 892 |
Non-alcoholic drinks |
||||
| mineral water | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | - |
| coffee with milk and sugar | 0,7 | 1,0 | 11,2 | 58 |
| black tea with milk and sugar | 0,7 | 0,8 | 8,2 | 43 |
Juices and compotes |
||||
| apricot juice | 0,9 | 0,1 | 9,0 | 38 |
| carrot juice | 1,1 | 0,1 | 6,4 | 28 |
| pumpkin juice | 0,0 | 0,0 | 9,0 | 38 |
Fully or partially limited products
Exception required:
- Millet, pearl barley, corn barley, cereals, since they are coarse and difficult to digest.
- Broths, animal fats, fried foods, fatty meats, sausages, pickled and pickled vegetables, smoked meats, rough meats and rough vegetables, mushrooms.
- Irritating foods (onions, garlic, ginger, radishes, radishes), legumes and cabbage, which contain a lot of fiber and cause bloating.
- Fermented milk drinks, sour undiluted juices, which can irritate the mucous membranes.
- Carbonated drinks, cocoa, kvass, strong tea.
- Pepper and spices, hot sauces, ketchup, mayonnaise, vinegar in dishes.
Table of prohibited products
| Proteins, g | Fats, g | Carbohydrates, g | Calories, kcal | |
Vegetables and greens |
||||
| vegetables legumes | 9,1 | 1,6 | 27,0 | 168 |
| swede | 1,2 | 0,1 | 7,7 | 37 |
| cabbage | 1,8 | 0,1 | 4,7 | 27 |
| sauerkraut | 1,8 | 0,1 | 4,4 | 19 |
| green onion | 1,3 | 0,0 | 4,6 | 19 |
| bulb onions | 1,4 | 0,0 | 10,4 | 41 |
| cucumbers | 0,8 | 0,1 | 2,8 | 15 |
| canned cucumbers | 2,8 | 0,0 | 1,3 | 16 |
| white radish | 1,4 | 0,0 | 4,1 | 21 |
| turnip | 1,5 | 0,1 | 6,2 | 30 |
| canned tomatoes | 1,1 | 0,1 | 3,5 | 20 |
| horseradish | 3,2 | 0,4 | 10,5 | 56 |
| spinach | 2,9 | 0,3 | 2,0 | 22 |
| sorrel | 1,5 | 0,3 | 2,9 | 19 |
Mushrooms |
||||
| mushrooms | 3,5 | 2,0 | 2,5 | 30 |
Cereals and porridges |
||||
| corn grits | 8,3 | 1,2 | 75,0 | 337 |
| pearl barley | 9,3 | 1,1 | 73,7 | 320 |
| millet cereal | 11,5 | 3,3 | 69,3 | 348 |
| barley grits | 10,4 | 1,3 | 66,3 | 324 |
Confectionery |
||||
| candies | 4,3 | 19,8 | 67,5 | 453 |
Ice cream |
||||
| ice cream | 3,7 | 6,9 | 22,1 | 189 |
Cakes |
||||
| cake | 4,4 | 23,4 | 45,2 | 407 |
Raw materials and seasonings |
||||
| mustard | 5,7 | 6,4 | 22,0 | 162 |
| ginger | 1,8 | 0,8 | 15,8 | 80 |
| ketchup | 1,8 | 1,0 | 22,2 | 93 |
| mayonnaise | 2,4 | 67,0 | 3,9 | 627 |
| ground black pepper | 10,4 | 3,3 | 38,7 | 251 |
| chilli | 2,0 | 0,2 | 9,5 | 40 |
Dairy |
||||
| kefir | 3,4 | 2,0 | 4,7 | 51 |
Meat products |
||||
| pork | 16,0 | 21,6 | 0,0 | 259 |
| ham | 22,6 | 20,9 | 0,0 | 279 |
Sausages |
||||
| dry-cured sausage | 24,1 | 38,3 | 1,0 | 455 |
| sausages | 10,1 | 31,6 | 1,9 | 332 |
| sausages | 12,3 | 25,3 | 0,0 | 277 |
Bird |
||||
| smoked chicken | 27,5 | 8,2 | 0,0 | 184 |
| duck | 16,5 | 61,2 | 0,0 | 346 |
| smoked duck | 19,0 | 28,4 | 0,0 | 337 |
| goose | 16,1 | 33,3 | 0,0 | 364 |
Fish and seafood |
||||
| dried fish | 17,5 | 4,6 | 0,0 | 139 |
| smoked fish | 26,8 | 9,9 | 0,0 | 196 |
| canned fish | 17,5 | 2,0 | 0,0 | 88 |
Oils and fats |
||||
| animal fat | 0,0 | 99,7 | 0,0 | 897 |
| cooking fat | 0,0 | 99,7 | 0,0 | 897 |
Non-alcoholic drinks |
||||
| bread kvass | 0,2 | 0,0 | 5,2 | 27 |
* data is per 100 g of product
Nutrition menu for gastritis in children (Diet)
The basis of the diet, depending on the severity of the exacerbation and the doctor’s recommendations, consists of unprocessed or pureed dishes: porridge, soups, meat and fish. For gastritis, you can often prepare milk soups and porridges if the child has previously eaten dairy dishes well.
You can steam souffles (meat or fish), omelettes, puddings, egg porridge, and sauces. Preference is given to dairy products and egg dishes, since their protein is easier to digest.
Eggs and cottage cheese can be included in the menu every day. For constant nutrition during the period of remission, you can prepare steamed or stewed meat and fish dumplings, cutlets, soufflé and zrazy (with mashed potatoes). Fish or meat dishes should be consumed twice a day.
Advantages and disadvantages
Reviews and results
For children who have been diagnosed gastritis, dietary nutrition is of great importance in the treatment of the disease. Reviews from parents indicate its necessity and effectiveness. The main table can be performed for a long time, since it includes the required amount of proteins, fats and complex carbohydrates. Parents should choose recipes for those dietary dishes that are more acceptable for their child, taking into account his preferences.
The only difficulty is the lack of factory-made confectionery products in the diet, which contain trans fats, preservatives, flavor enhancers and food coloring. You can replace them with homemade low-fat baked goods: biscuits, cookies, muffins, at least they will not contain chemicals.
- “... A 4-year-old child began to experience vomiting and poor appetite. Whatever he eats, he feels nausea and then vomits. They examined the stomach, did an ultrasound - the liver and pancreas were enlarged. For now we settled on gastritis. Before this, my daughter had not eaten sausage, mayonnaise, cookies with dyes or chocolate. I can say that I cooked 70% of it for her separately. The food was practically dietary: soups, porridge twice a day, boiled meat, purchased purified water, curds and juices for baby food. He goes to kindergarten - there is food for children there. I ate sweets, but within reasonable limits. I can't imagine why this happened. Until the age of 8, every spring and autumn she was in the hospital, where she was given a strict diet and medications. At home I have been cooking in a double boiler all these years. Nothing has bothered her for two years now”;
- “... My 9-year-old daughter was diagnosed with chronic gastritis of the proximal stomach during FGDS. They did a test for Helicobacter - several times higher than normal. Immediately prescribed Diet No. 5 and treatment for 2 weeks. I started using a slow cooker, in which I immediately stewed vegetables, chicken or turkey, and prepared omelettes and biscuits. I cooked soups in the usual way. After 2 weeks, the condition improved significantly - there was no nausea or pain, and the appetite also improved. When testing for bacteria was repeated, the response was within normal limits. The diet was followed for 2 months. Now the doctor recommends a more gentle diet in the autumn-spring period, if there is pain, then take De-nol and Lansoprozole. Everything needs to be done, since the child is only 9 years old and has his whole life ahead of him”;
- “... My son started having stomach problems in the fifth grade, when his workload increased and he had to stay at school for up to three hours. At school, the food at the buffet is dry, and he doesn’t want to take food with him. Even if I did, it would still not be soups or warm porridge. He also doesn't eat well in the morning. The doctor said the right thing when he recommended dietary nutrition. On those days when the son is at home (holidays or vacations), he manages to eat properly and follow the regime, and improvement is immediately noted. It is also important that he rests, sleeps well and is not in a hurry. He enjoys eating milk porridges, cottage cheese casseroles, cheesecakes in a slow cooker and soufflé. I steam the cutlets, but I prepare bechamel or sour cream sauce for them - this significantly improves the taste. I cook soups in water and do not fry them. During this period, the whole family adheres to proper nutrition.”
Diet price
This food is affordable in terms of food content and not very expensive. The cost of a weekly diet is 1500-1600 rubles.
NOTE! The information about diets on the site is for reference and general information, collected from publicly available sources and cannot serve as a basis for making a decision about their use. Before using the diet, be sure to consult a dietitian.
Many diseases in the modern world have become “younger”, including gastritis – inflammation of the gastric mucosa. But in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in a child there are some important nuances, in particular regarding nutrition.
What is the reason for the occurrence of this disease in childhood? Provoking moments:
- non-compliance with the diet and quality of nutrition;
- eating in a hurry without proper chewing;
- dry eating (eating raw vegetables and fruits);
- long intervals between meals;
- physical and emotional stress (stressful situations, experiences).
The child encounters these unfavorable factors at the beginning of school, when the general and nutritional regimes are disrupted, and parents are no longer able to control the diet of their beloved child, as before.
The following can play a decisive role:
- hereditary predisposition to diseases of the digestive tract;
- infections (for example, caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori);
- untreated acute gastritis with transition to a chronic course.
Acute or chronic form?
The diagnosis of “gastritis” combines diseases with different courses: acute or chronic.
Acute gastritis is manifested by a sudden deterioration in the child’s well-being, accompanied by repeated or repeated vomiting, stomach pain, possible fever, loss of appetite, and weakness. The parents’ diagnosis – “he ate something” – was partly correct. The “something” may be benign but not age- or volume-appropriate food containing pathogens or food toxins. A reasonable parental approach to treatment will help the child get rid of the disease forever. And timely consultation with a doctor, compliance with the timing and volume of therapy guarantees a quick recovery without becoming chronic.
Chronic gastritis is a constant change of phases of recovery and exacerbation. The goal of treatment is to make the periods of extinction of the symptoms of the disease (remission) longer, and exacerbations (relapses) to be minimized.
Violation of acid-forming function
In the chronic course, the manifestations of the disease are not limited to inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane; disturbances in the acid-forming function of the stomach are also detected.
Hence the classification of gastritis according to the degree of acidity:
- with saved (normal);
- with increased (hyperacidosis);
- with decreased (hypoacidosis).
It is quite difficult for a child of primary school age to describe his feelings. Of the complaints, one that attracts attention is “stomach pain.” What kind of pain it is: aching, local, diffuse, bursting, it is difficult to assess. The pain persists 2-3 hours after eating, accompanied by nausea, belching, and sometimes vomiting.
Before conducting an examination, an experienced doctor may suspect what kind of gastritis a child has: with high or low acidity.
Hyperacid gastritis is characterized by pain on an empty stomach and after eating fatty and fried foods, sour and spicy foods. The appetite is preserved, but the child develops excessive irritability, heartburn, sour belching, and a tendency to constipation.
With hypoacid gastritis, appetite worsens, pain appears regularly after eating, the child is bothered by nausea, occasionally vomiting, a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, belching with an unpleasant smell of rotten eggs, periodic loose stools, and increased fatigue.
The examination helps to identify the acidity of gastric juice and the degree of damage to the mucous membrane. What to do next? Treat! And if the doctor takes responsibility for drug therapy, then the responsibility falls on the parents to provide the child with special dietary nutrition.
Diet tables according to Pevzner
A child's continued adherence to a diet often causes concern among parents. What to feed, how to cook, what foods are strictly prohibited for consumption? There is no need to invent anything. Manuil Pevzner put everything on the shelves, or rather, on the dietary tables, long ago.
An outstanding Russian doctor has developed 15 unique dietary tables for each disease of the digestive system, taking into account the phase of the disease, course and violation of acid-forming function. For more than 100 years, his work has been gratefully used by doctors and patients.
For dietary therapy of gastritis, dietary tables No. 1, 1a, 1b, 2 are intended:
- No. 1 – for chronic gastritis with high acidity without exacerbation (for 6-12 weeks);
- No. 1a – for acute form of gastritis and chronic during the period of exacerbation (until the pronounced clinical manifestations of the disease disappear);
- No. 1b – in the stage of unstable recovery (until complete normalization of well-being)
- No. 2 – in the treatment of gastritis with reduced acidity.
Basic principles of the diet
The purpose of dietary tables is to minimize further irritation of the gastric mucosa and reduce the load on its secretory functions. “Food should be gentle - thermally, mechanically and chemically,” this phrase is repeatedly repeated as a postulate by nutritionists and pediatricians when prescribing treatment. In other words:
- food is served only warm;
- irritating products are excluded: spicy, fatty, pickled, salty, sour, carbonated and smoked;
- Difficult-to-digest foods are prohibited: legumes, mushrooms, fatty or stringy meat, fruits with thick skin;
- Rich broths containing vegetables, meat and fish are contraindicated.
During treatment, strict adherence to a daily routine with a full night's rest, 6 meals a day strictly according to the clock (every day at the same time) and a favorable psychological atmosphere during meals is necessary.
Diet for acute gastritis
For acute gastritis, the strictest table No. 1a is prescribed. For 2-3 days, the child receives small portions of food 6 times a day. The calorie content of such a therapeutic diet does not exceed 2000-2200 kcal per day. This is achieved by reducing the amount of carbohydrates, fats and partially proteins in the diet.
Vegetables and fruits in their natural form, fermented milk products, flour products, herbs, sauces, spices, coffee and carbonated drinks are excluded from the menu.
Steamed dishes or those prepared by boiling with limited salt are served at the children's table:
- slimy soups made from rice, semolina or oatmeal with cream or butter;
- boiled lean meat, minced (veal, chicken, rabbit);
- boiled fish or steam soufflé from lean fish (instead of meat);
- omelette steamed with milk;
- pureed porridge with a liquid consistency of rice, oatmeal, semolina or buckwheat in water with the addition of cream and milk;
- milk or fruit based jelly, tea with added milk, rosehip decoction, warm low-fat milk.
Sample menu for diet No. 1a
As the acute symptoms subside, the range of dishes expands with the transition to table No. 1b.
Diet at the stage of unstable recovery
Dietary dishes of table No. 1b contribute to further normalization of the gastric mucosa, and are prescribed for a period of 5-7 days. Acidic foods (marinades, fruits and berries), rich broths and white cabbage - a powerful stimulator of gastric juice secretion - are excluded from the diet.
Food is prepared with a liquid and mushy consistency by steaming or boiling. Steamed cutlets and wheat crackers appear in the list of dishes, and pureed soups are served instead of slimy soups. The energy value is slightly reduced due to the restriction on carbohydrates, but at the same time it practically corresponds to the norm of 2600 kcal.
Sample menu for diet No. 1b
Diet for chronic gastritis
The next stage of diet therapy is table No. 1, which contains the physiological norm of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Its calorie content is 2800 kcal, and the dishes have a moderate, gentle effect on the gastric mucosa. The diet remains the same - up to 5-6 times a day at intervals of 3-4 hours for 4-6 weeks or more.
Table No. 1 does not exclude stewed and baked dishes. The range of products on the menu is expanding with dried white bread, durum wheat noodles, biscuits, non-acidic kefir, cottage cheese and yogurt, sour cream sauces, boiled or steamed fish and meat dishes (fillets, cutlets and meatballs), baked fruits. Once a week, homemade baked goods are allowed - pies with jam or meat filling.
Sample menu for diet No. 1
Diet for gastritis with low acidity
Dietary table No. 2 according to Pevzner is designed to solve two problems - to protect the gastric mucosa from the aggressive effects of food and to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice. Daily calorie content of 3000-3100 kcal is calculated for 5 meals a day.
The menu allows the presence of “strong” low-fat broths with extractive substances, berries and fruits with a sweet and sour taste, cauliflower and white cabbage, fermented milk products, citrus fruits, cocoa. The list of cooking methods has been expanded - fried dishes without breading are allowed.
Sample menu for diet No. 2
Chronic gastritis tends to worsen seasonally. Without a noticeable error in nutrition, a child may experience relapses of the disease in the fall and spring. To prevent them, 3-4 week preventive courses of diet therapy (corresponding to the form of gastritis) are carried out in the autumn-spring period.
In children, chronic gastritis usually occurs with preservation of normal acidity or with its increase. Therefore, most often in dietary therapy, table No. 1 according to Pevzner is used, the menu for a week for which can be compiled something like this:
Nutrition for acute gastritis (AG)
Acute gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) can occur in children as a result of severe nutritional disorders: consumption of poor-quality foods, intake of large amounts of fatty or coarse foods rich in plant fiber (unripe fruits, berries), violation of the diet, eating hastily or dry food.
Acute gastritis is manifested by nausea, sometimes vomiting, belching, pain, and a feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region.
The best cure for OH is abstaining from eating during the first 24 hours.
At the same time, the inflamed mucous membrane of the stomach rests, which is a kind of protective measure, since the secretion of digestive juices during the inflammatory process decreases sharply.
During this period, you only need to give the child frequent and small portions of warm, weak tea, boiled water, weak herbal decoctions without sugar, a 5% glucose solution in combination with saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution). The total amount of fluid is determined by the patient's degree of thirst.
The next day after fasting, fruit, vegetable and cereal decoctions and rosehip decoction are allowed. From the third day of illness, the child is transferred to liquid food: weak low-fat broth with white crackers or slimy pureed soup, jelly, liquid porridge.
Only from the fourth day the diet includes steamed meat dishes (meatballs, meatballs), boiled fish, and various puddings. On the fifth day, you can already use milk soups, boiled chicken (without skin), thicker cereals and vegetable puree (potato, carrot) in your diet. Then the child is gradually transferred to a normal diet in accordance with his age, expanding the methods of culinary processing of foods. Steamed dishes are replaced with boiled ones; instead of jelly, fresh fruit puree, fruit juices, and baked apples are given.
To prevent chronic gastritis, spicy and salty foods and hard-to-digest fatty foods should be excluded from the diet of a child who has recovered from gastrointestinal tract for several weeks.
Nutrition for chronic gastritis (XT)
Chronic gastritis occurs mainly in children of preschool and school age. With hCG, the stomach glands that produce hydrochloric acid, pepsin and mucus are affected. As a result, the activity of the stomach is disrupted.
Moreover, the disturbances can be of two types: in one case, the level of hydrochloric acid increases (CG with increased secretory activity), in the other it decreases (CG with reduced secretory activity).
The main manifestation of chronic gastritis is pain in the epigastric region, most often after eating, accompanied by heartburn or sour belching with increased acidity of gastric juice, nausea, loss of appetite and belching with air - with low acidity.
It should be noted that under conditions of inflammation and atrophy of the gastric mucosa, its absorption capacity increases. At the same time, large molecules of nutrients begin to be absorbed, which leads to intoxication and allergization of the body. Children's general health deteriorates, they quickly get tired, and food allergies appear or worsen.
In case of CG with normal or increased secretory function of the stomach, the child must eat 6-7 times a day in small portions, as a result of which free hydrochloric acid does not have time to form, irritating the stomach.
At the same time, foods and dishes that have a local irritating effect on the inflamed gastric mucosa, as well as those that have a strong juice-like effect are excluded from the diet of a sick child: meat, fish, strong vegetables, especially mushrooms, broths, cabbage broth, fried meat and fish, raw ungrated vegetables and fruits, pickles, marinades, smoked meats, savory snacks, sausages, canned food, fresh onions, radishes, turnips, radishes, wheat porridge, black bread, pies, pastries, cold and carbonated drinks, ice cream, sour berries and fruits .
Dishes are prepared from boiled products and served pureed. Meat and fish are boiled in two waters and passed through a meat grinder, cereals and vegetables are pureed.
Valuable foods for feeding such patients are milk (3-4 glasses of warm milk to reduce the acidity of the stomach contents), cottage cheese, and eggs.
There is no need to limit fats in their diet, but dishes containing simple carbohydrates (sugar, sweets) should be somewhat reduced in the diet of such children.
Of raw vegetables, it is allowed to eat only grated carrots and finely chopped tomatoes, seasoned with sour cream or vegetable oil, as well as raw, finely chopped greens. The remaining vegetables should be boiled and salads should be prepared from them, but without adding onions.
The first courses are prepared in the form of pureed soups from vegetables (except cabbage) with cereal broth or milk soups with pureed cereals or noodles with the addition of vegetables. To prepare second courses, use chicken, lean beef, fish, boiled in water or steamed.
To improve the taste after boiling, they can be lightly baked in the oven. To prepare second courses, eggs, cottage cheese, sour cream, and cream are used. As side dishes for meat and fish dishes, you can offer mashed potatoes and carrots, boiled cauliflower, beets, stewed or pureed zucchini and pumpkin, as well as boiled noodles, vermicelli, and porridge. The latter are also served as an independent dish for breakfast or dinner. Dishes are seasoned with butter or vegetable oil; you can use sour cream and milk sauces.
For breakfast and dinner, in addition to the dishes mentioned above, it is recommended to steam various puddings, omelettes, casseroles, and also milk porridges. For bread products, they use white wheat stale (yesterday's) bread, white crackers, savory cookies, and sponge cake.
It is advisable to add a little less salt to the food of children suffering from chronic hepatitis with normal or increased gastric secretion, and spices should be excluded altogether.
Depending on the age of the child, it is recommended to include in the daily diet 650-800 ml of milk, 35-50 g of butter, 25 g of vegetable oil, 50-60 g of sugar, 110-120 g of fresh fruit, 140-210 g of potatoes, 90 -140 g of vegetables, 55-85 g of cereals (including pasta), 150-250 g of wheat bread (including all types of bakery products). Cottage cheese is given 3-4 times a week, 45-65 g per day, mild cheese is used on days when there are no cottage cheese dishes on the menu. Cheese is usually added in pureed form to butter when preparing a sandwich for breakfast or dinner (weekly norm 45-55 g).
During the period of exacerbation of chronic hepatitis with normal or increased secretory function of the stomach in the first week, the child is given food 6-8 times a day, slightly reducing its total volume and range of products. The basis of the diet at the beginning of an exacerbation of chronic hepatitis is milk, the volume of which increases to 1 liter per day.
You can also eat cream, soft-boiled eggs or in the form of a steam omelet (1-1.5 pieces per day), butter (15-25 g per day), pureed cottage cheese (30-45 g per day), mucous pureed cereal soups , pureed milk porridges, steamed puddings, meat and fish soufflés and hashés from boiled products, white crackers, small quantities of fresh fruit (for making jelly). Less salt is added to food than for healthy people.
This diet (see diet No. 16 below) is prescribed to a sick child for 1-2 weeks. But since it is close to physiological and almost completely satisfies the needs of the child’s body for proteins, fats and carbohydrates, in the case of a slow course of recovery processes (this is evidenced by ongoing pain, heartburn and other disorders), it can be extended for another week.
From the third or fourth week of treatment, the sick child’s menu is gradually expanded, the number of feedings is reduced to 5-6, and the calorie content of the daily diet is increased. In the diet, the volume of milk is gradually reduced and the content of butter and cottage cheese is increased. The diet includes vegetable oil, stale wheat bread, boiled vegetables, fresh non-acidic fruits, and dried fruit compote. All food is given pureed.
Then, for 6-12 months, the child should eat the same foods and dishes, but prepared without pureing or sharp mechanical chopping. Several times a week you can eat well-baked savory buns, cheesecakes with cottage cheese, pies with apples, boiled meat or fish, and eggs. It is not contraindicated to use milk sauce (without sautéing the flour) with the addition of butter, sour cream, as well as fruit and milk-fruit sauces as a gravy.
Below are approximate one-day menus for children with chronic hepatitis with normal or increased secretory function of the stomach during an exacerbation (diet No. 16; Table 20) and outside of an exacerbation (diet No. 1 pureed and No. 1 not pureed; Table 21).
Table 20. Approximate seven-day menu for a child with exacerbation of chronic gastritis with normal or increased secretion or with gastric or duodenal ulcer (diet No. 16)
|
Feeding |
Name of dish |
Portion, g, ml |
||
|
3-6 years |
7-10 years |
11-14 years old |
||
|
After sleep 20-30 minutes before meals |
||||
|
First breakfast |
Fish pudding Liquid mashed potatoes |
|||
|
Lunch |
Milk jelly |
|||
|
20-30 minutes before lunch |
||||
|
Oatmeal milk soup Steamed meat cutlets Puree rice porridge Dried fruit jelly White bread crackers |
||||
|
Curd cream |
||||
|
Buckwheat porridge with milk pureed Soft-boiled egg White bread crackers |
||||
Table 21. Approximate one-day menu for a child suffering from chronic gastritis with normal or increased secretion or peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum, in the stage of fading exacerbation (diet No. 1, pureed) and during the period without exacerbation (diet No. 1, not pureed)
|
Feeding |
Diet No. 1 pureed |
Diet No. 1 Unprocessed |
Portion, g, ml |
||
|
3-6 years |
7-10 years |
11-14 years old |
|||
|
After sleep 20-30 minutes before meals |
Infusion of yarrow, chamomile and plantain |
Infusion of yarrow, chamomile and plantain |
|||
|
First breakfast |
Natural steam omelette Carrot puree Surrogate coffee with milk White bread with butter |
Natural steam omelette Boiled carrot salad with vegetable oil Surrogate coffee with milk White bread with butter |
|||
|
Lunch |
Baked apple with sugar |
Baked apple with sugar |
|||
|
20-30 minutes before lunch |
Cabbage or potato juice |
Cabbage or potato juice |
|||
|
Rice milk soup Steamed meat cutlets Mashed potatoes Puréed dried fruit compote White bread |
Rice milk soup Steamed meat cutlets Mashed potatoes Dried fruit compote White bread |
||||
|
Unsweetened cookies |
Unsweetened cookies |
||||
|
Tea with milk White bread with butter and grated cheese |
Oatmeal porridge "Hercules" milk Tea with milk White bread with butter and cheese |
||||
If you are intolerant to milk, you should exclude it from your diet. In this case, the amount of protein required by age is compensated by an increase in other protein-containing products (meat, fish, eggs, cottage cheese) and the inclusion of special medicinal products containing an increased amount of protein (protein enpit). And if there are no exacerbations of the disease during the year, the child can be transferred to a normal diet.
V.G. Liflyandsky, V.V. Zakrevsky
Parents often cannot understand what is happening to their child. He eats poorly, constantly complains of pain, and is irritable. Therefore, at the first signs of gastritis you need to go to the doctor. Gastritis can occur even in children two years of age. However, it most often appears in children 5-6 years old and 9-12 years old. The most common causes of gastritis are allergies, constant stress, infection and poor diet. Since the digestive system of babies is not yet fully formed, it is not able to digest certain types of foods. In addition, low-quality products are very harmful for children; they irritate the gastric mucosa, which can cause gastritis.
Proper nutrition for gastritis in children
With gastritis, children should consume balanced foods in small quantities. During the day, the child should eat up to six times. Snacks should not be allowed; the child should eat regularly at a certain time. You also need to make sure that the child does not overeat. During the day, your child needs to drink plenty of fluids. It is better to give preference to non-carbonated mineral water. You can read more about nutrition for gastritis in this article.
Complications of gastritis in children
- You need to start by creating a daily routine for your child.
- During the day, the child should eat 5-6 times.
- Dishes should be at room temperature. Under no circumstances should you give your child hot or cold foods.
- Products must not contain harmful substances. The child should consume fresh and high-quality products.
- Your child’s menu should include boiled and pureed foods. Such food is easier to digest and therefore does not irritate the stomach. You can read more about the menu in this publication.
- It is necessary to exclude fatty, spicy and salty foods, and carbonated drinks from the child’s diet.
- It is necessary to ensure that the child chews food thoroughly. The child should eat a portion of the dish within 15–20 minutes. Be sure to read the article “proper nutrition for gastritis.”
Proper nutrition for gastritis in preschool children
Menu for gastritis in children
Before drawing up a menu, you need to identify the foods that caused gastritis; they need to be excluded from the menu. Only high-quality and fresh foods should be included in your child’s diet. Food should be light, well chopped. It is not advisable to give children hard and rough food; it greatly irritates the gastric mucosa. Preference should be given to food that is steamed, oven-baked and boiled. Be sure to look at the article “therapeutic nutrition for gastritis.”
What is useful and what is harmful for gastritis
When creating a menu for children with gastritis, you need to include healthy foods and exclude harmful ones.
Products that should be included in a child’s menu for gastritis:
- Soups. It is advisable to cook them in vegetable broth. To prepare soup, you can take cereals, fish, and meat. The soup should not be greasy. For children suffering from gastritis, you can prepare milk soups.
- Dairy products. Children can be given milk, yogurt, cheese. Dairy products should be low in fat. You can also prepare various casseroles from cottage cheese and prepare milk porridges.
- Porridge. They must be included in the diet of children suffering from gastritis. You should give preference to oatmeal, rice and buckwheat porridge. You can cook them with milk and add honey, dried fruits, and cinnamon.
- Fruits. You can include only licorice fruits in your child’s diet. Before serving, fruits must be peeled.
- Vegetables. You can include potatoes, cauliflower, carrots, and beets in your child’s diet. It is advisable to prepare vegetables in the form of puree. In this form they are easier to absorb and digest.
- Meat. Only lean varieties of meat can be included in a child’s diet. It can be chicken, beef, rabbit. It is best to make steamed cutlets from meat. Boiled meat can be served to a child only chopped.
- Bread. You can only consume stale white bread and crackers.
- Fish. For children, you need to take only low-fat fish. Fish dishes can be boiled and steamed. Under no circumstances should you include fried fish in your child’s diet. You can view our special article “food recipes for gastritis”.
In brief: “How gastritis, stomach and intestinal ulcers appear”
Products that should not be included in the menu of a child with gastritis:
- black bread;
- canned meat and fish;
- vegetables (white cabbage, onions, radishes, garlic);
- ice cream;
- cold and carbonated drinks;
- chocolate products.
Example of a menu for gastritis in children:
- Breakfast: milk porridge and cocoa.
- Second breakfast: juice from a stale bun.
- Lunch: vegetable soup and compote.
- Afternoon snack: white crackers with milk.
- Dinner: boiled fish with vegetables and cottage cheese casserole with tea.
Features of the development of gastritis in children
The reasons why a child may develop gastritis are practically no different from those in an adult: most often it is non-compliance with the diet, too much emotional stress, various infections. The first episode of gastritis is often recorded in children aged 6 years. It is at this age that the child’s active social life usually begins - he is preparing or is already going to school, and it coincides with the period of active growth of the body, and therefore the factors that provoke gastritis in children have some features:
- Poor nutrition. Doctors call it the most serious risk factor for children from 6 to 10 years old, since the rapidly growing body very quickly gives a negative reaction to disruptions in nutrition that occur due to an intense school day. In addition, parental control at this time weakens significantly, and the child often eats food that is not at all healthy for his stomach.
- Mental and physical overload. The first year at school for any child is quite stressful, since the child must both physically and psychologically adapt to completely new conditions. The daily routine of a modern child rarely includes only school activities, but parents often forget that for a child aged 6-10 years, 10 hours of sleep at night is extremely important to restore strength. Stress, overwork, and lack of sleep become another reason for the development of gastritis in children.
- Physical inactivity. Physical activity is extremely important for a growing child’s body, since prolonged sitting at home or in front of a computer causes disruption of important secretory mechanisms in the child’s stomach and provokes a breakdown in the self-regulation of many protective processes that depend on the activity of blood circulation and the supply of oxygen and nutrients.
Typical complaints of a child with gastritis
Complaints about the well-being of children with gastritis are very different from the descriptions of symptoms that adults usually give - the reason for this is not only the child’s inability to formulate the reason why he feels bad, but also the peculiarities of the course of the disease in the child’s body. Typically, gastritis should be considered for the following childhood complaints.
- I have a stomachache. It is difficult for a child to describe the nature of the pain, but he can indicate the location - usually in the upper abdomen, say whether the stomach hurts immediately after eating or an hour later, the pain is cutting or resembles something heavy in the abdomen.
IMPORTANT! It should be remembered that abdominal pain can be a symptom of many pathological conditions, often not related to inflammation of the gastric mucosa, so a child’s complaints of severe abdominal pain are a reason to immediately consult a doctor.
- I don't want to eat. Poor appetite is the most characteristic childhood sign of a painful condition. The inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa in children very quickly disrupts the production of hydrochloric acid and leads to a malfunction of the entire digestive process, which leads to the child refusing to eat.
- Burning in the chest. Heartburn in a child usually manifests itself as a burning sensation along the esophagus to the pharynx. The child may complain that he has a burning sensation not only in the stomach, but also behind the sternum, and there will be a sour taste in the mouth.
Particular attention should be paid to the child’s condition with acute gastritis. Usually, many parents characterize its first symptoms as “he ate something wrong” and they are partly right - nausea, vomiting, and bowel dysfunction often accompany poisoning with some low-quality product.
IMPORTANT! A child’s body has a much more intense metabolism and much less ability to break down a number of products than an adult’s. Therefore, even small errors in nutrition, which will cause slight malaise in an adult, can cause severe intoxication in a baby.
It is very important to monitor the child’s condition with acute gastritis, since severe vomiting combined with diarrhea is a risk of rapid dehydration for the child’s body, which can threaten the health and even the life of the baby.
Principles of children's diet for gastritis
Diet therapy for gastritis has some general principles, which experts formulate as gentle on the stomach - both thermally, chemically, and mechanically. They are relevant for both adults and children, however, for a child, nutrition for gastritis must obey the following 5 important rules:
- Regularity and detail. A children's diet for gastritis of any form should include 5 or even 6 meals a day in small portions, and always at strictly prescribed times.
- Freshness and lightness. A child with gastritis is fed only freshly prepared meals from foods that do not require effort to digest - legumes, fibrous foods, stringy meats, and fruits with skin are excluded.
- Thermal mode. Only warm dishes (approximately corresponding to the child’s body temperature) have a therapeutic effect on the mucous membrane; at least 5 times a day, the child should receive food that is steamed, boiled, or baked without a crust.
- Menu composition. Treatment of gastritis in children requires the inclusion in the diet of such dishes that will be easily digested and at the same time provide the necessary nutrients - mucous soups from cereals and vegetable broths, boiled and chopped meat and fish, mashed porridges, fruit jelly.
- Gentle mode. With gastritis, a child should not be forced to eat. The only thing that is fundamentally important is the drinking regime - give water little by little and regularly. If there is no appetite, 5-6 spoons of soup or porridge are enough to maintain the functioning of the stomach.
In case of exacerbation of gastritis, treatment involves giving up any fruits and vegetables, fresh bread and baked goods. Gastritis with high acidity, when it is necessary to reduce the activity of the secretory functions of the stomach, children should not prepare soups with rich meat broths, citrus fruits, or vegetables with coarse fiber. With low acidity, it is important that treatment is accompanied by the refusal of any dishes that require prolonged digestion, and vegetables and fruits must be thermally processed.
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Nutrition for acute gastritis (AG)
Acute gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) can occur in children as a result of severe nutritional disorders: consumption of poor-quality foods, intake of large amounts of fatty or coarse foods rich in plant fiber (unripe fruits, berries), violation of the diet, eating hastily or dry food.Acute gastritis is manifested by nausea, sometimes vomiting, belching, pain, and a feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region.
The best cure for OH is abstaining from eating during the first 24 hours.
At the same time, the inflamed mucous membrane of the stomach rests, which is a kind of protective measure, since the secretion of digestive juices during the inflammatory process decreases sharply.
During this period, you only need to give the child frequent and small portions of warm, weak tea, boiled water, weak herbal decoctions without sugar, a 5% glucose solution in combination with saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution). The total amount of fluid is determined by the patient's degree of thirst.
The next day after fasting, fruit, vegetable and cereal decoctions and rosehip decoction are allowed. From the third day of illness, the child is transferred to liquid food: weak low-fat broth with white crackers or slimy pureed soup, jelly, liquid porridge.
Only from the fourth day the diet includes steamed meat dishes (meatballs, meatballs), boiled fish, and various puddings. On the fifth day, you can already use milk soups, boiled chicken (without skin), thicker cereals and vegetable puree (potato, carrot) in your diet. Then the child is gradually transferred to a normal diet in accordance with his age, expanding the methods of culinary processing of foods. Steamed dishes are replaced with boiled ones; instead of jelly, fresh fruit puree, fruit juices, and baked apples are given.
To prevent chronic gastritis, spicy and salty foods and hard-to-digest fatty foods should be excluded from the diet of a child who has recovered from gastrointestinal tract for several weeks.
Nutrition for chronic gastritis (XT)
Chronic gastritis occurs mainly in children of preschool and school age. With hCG, the stomach glands that produce hydrochloric acid, pepsin and mucus are affected. As a result, the activity of the stomach is disrupted.Moreover, the disturbances can be of two types: in one case, the level of hydrochloric acid increases (CG with increased secretory activity), in the other it decreases (CG with reduced secretory activity).
The main manifestation of chronic gastritis is pain in the epigastric region, most often after eating, accompanied by heartburn or sour belching with increased acidity of gastric juice, nausea, loss of appetite and belching with air - with low acidity.
It should be noted that under conditions of inflammation and atrophy of the gastric mucosa, its absorption capacity increases. At the same time, large molecules of nutrients begin to be absorbed, which leads to intoxication and allergization of the body. Children's general health deteriorates, they quickly get tired, and food allergies appear or worsen.
In case of CG with normal or increased secretory function of the stomach, the child must eat 6-7 times a day in small portions, as a result of which free hydrochloric acid does not have time to form, irritating the stomach.
At the same time, foods and dishes that have a local irritating effect on the inflamed gastric mucosa, as well as those that have a strong juice-like effect are excluded from the diet of a sick child: meat, fish, strong vegetables, especially mushrooms, broths, cabbage broth, fried meat and fish, raw ungrated vegetables and fruits, pickles, marinades, smoked meats, savory snacks, sausages, canned food, fresh onions, radishes, turnips, radishes, wheat porridge, black bread, pies, pastries, cold and carbonated drinks, ice cream, sour berries and fruits .
Dishes are prepared from boiled products and served pureed. Meat and fish are boiled in two waters and passed through a meat grinder, cereals and vegetables are pureed.
Valuable foods for feeding such patients are milk (3-4 glasses of warm milk to reduce the acidity of the stomach contents), cottage cheese, and eggs.
There is no need to limit fats in their diet, but dishes containing simple carbohydrates (sugar, sweets) should be somewhat reduced in the diet of such children.
Of raw vegetables, it is allowed to eat only grated carrots and finely chopped tomatoes, seasoned with sour cream or vegetable oil, as well as raw, finely chopped greens. The remaining vegetables should be boiled and salads should be prepared from them, but without adding onions.
The first courses are prepared in the form of pureed soups from vegetables (except cabbage) with cereal broth or milk soups with pureed cereals or noodles with the addition of vegetables. To prepare second courses, use chicken, lean beef, fish, boiled in water or steamed.
To improve the taste after boiling, they can be lightly baked in the oven. To prepare second courses, eggs, cottage cheese, sour cream, and cream are used. As side dishes for meat and fish dishes, you can offer mashed potatoes and carrots, boiled cauliflower, beets, stewed or pureed zucchini and pumpkin, as well as boiled noodles, vermicelli, and porridge. The latter are also served as an independent dish for breakfast or dinner. Dishes are seasoned with butter or vegetable oil; you can use sour cream and milk sauces.
For breakfast and dinner, in addition to the dishes mentioned above, it is recommended to steam various puddings, omelettes, casseroles, and also milk porridges. For bread products, they use white wheat stale (yesterday's) bread, white crackers, savory cookies, and sponge cake.
It is advisable to add a little less salt to the food of children suffering from chronic hepatitis with normal or increased gastric secretion, and spices should be excluded altogether.
Depending on the age of the child, it is recommended to include in the daily diet 650-800 ml of milk, 35-50 g of butter, 25 g of vegetable oil, 50-60 g of sugar, 110-120 g of fresh fruit, 140-210 g of potatoes, 90 -140 g of vegetables, 55-85 g of cereals (including pasta), 150-250 g of wheat bread (including all types of bakery products). Cottage cheese is given 3-4 times a week, 45-65 g per day, mild cheese is used on days when there are no cottage cheese dishes on the menu. Cheese is usually added in pureed form to butter when preparing a sandwich for breakfast or dinner (weekly norm 45-55 g).
During the period of exacerbation of chronic hepatitis with normal or increased secretory function of the stomach in the first week, the child is given food 6-8 times a day, slightly reducing its total volume and range of products. The basis of the diet at the beginning of an exacerbation of chronic hepatitis is milk, the volume of which increases to 1 liter per day.
You can also eat cream, soft-boiled eggs or in the form of a steam omelet (1-1.5 pieces per day), butter (15-25 g per day), pureed cottage cheese (30-45 g per day), mucous pureed cereal soups , pureed milk porridges, steamed puddings, meat and fish soufflés and hashés from boiled products, white crackers, small quantities of fresh fruit (for making jelly). Less salt is added to food than for healthy people.
This diet (see diet No. 16 below) is prescribed to a sick child for 1-2 weeks. But since it is close to physiological and almost completely satisfies the needs of the child’s body for proteins, fats and carbohydrates, in the case of a slow course of recovery processes (this is evidenced by ongoing pain, heartburn and other disorders), it can be extended for another week.
From the third or fourth week of treatment, the sick child’s menu is gradually expanded, the number of feedings is reduced to 5-6, and the calorie content of the daily diet is increased. In the diet, the volume of milk is gradually reduced and the content of butter and cottage cheese is increased. The diet includes vegetable oil, stale wheat bread, boiled vegetables, fresh non-acidic fruits, and dried fruit compote. All food is given pureed.
Then, for 6-12 months, the child should eat the same foods and dishes, but prepared without pureing or sharp mechanical chopping. Several times a week you can eat well-baked savory buns, cheesecakes with cottage cheese, pies with apples, boiled meat or fish, and eggs. It is not contraindicated to use milk sauce (without sautéing the flour) with the addition of butter, sour cream, as well as fruit and milk-fruit sauces as a gravy.
Below are approximate one-day menus for children with chronic hepatitis with normal or increased secretory function of the stomach during an exacerbation (diet No. 16; Table 20) and outside of an exacerbation (diet No. 1 pureed and No. 1 not pureed; Table 21).
Table 20. Approximate seven-day menu for a child with exacerbation of chronic gastritis with normal or increased secretion or with gastric or duodenal ulcer (diet No. 16)
|
Feeding |
Name of dish |
Portion, g, ml |
||
|
3-6 years |
7-10 years |
11-14 years old |
||
|
After sleep 20-30 minutes before meals | ||||
|
First breakfast |
Fish pudding Liquid mashed potatoes | |||
|
Lunch |
Milk jelly | |||
|
20-30 minutes before lunch | ||||
|
Oatmeal milk soup Steamed meat cutlets Puree rice porridge Dried fruit jelly White bread crackers | ||||
|
Curd cream | ||||
|
Buckwheat porridge with milk pureed Soft-boiled egg White bread crackers | ||||
|
Milk | ||||
Table 21. Approximate one-day menu for a child suffering from chronic gastritis with normal or increased secretion or peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum, in the stage of fading exacerbation (diet No. 1, pureed) and during the period without exacerbation (diet No. 1, not pureed)
|
Feeding |
Diet No. 1 pureed |
Diet No. 1 Unprocessed |
Portion, g, ml |
||
|
3-6 years |
7-10 years |
11-14 years old |
|||
|
After sleep 20-30 minutes before meals |
Infusion of yarrow, chamomile and plantain |
Infusion of yarrow, chamomile and plantain | |||
|
First breakfast |
Natural steam omelette Carrot puree Surrogate coffee with milk White bread with butter |
Natural steam omelette Boiled carrot salad with vegetable oil Surrogate coffee with milk White bread with butter | |||
|
Lunch |
Baked apple with sugar |
Baked apple with sugar | |||
|
20-30 minutes before lunch |
Cabbage or potato juice |
Cabbage or potato juice | |||
|
Rice milk soup Steamed meat cutlets Mashed potatoes Puréed dried fruit compote White bread |
Rice milk soup Steamed meat cutlets Mashed potatoes Dried fruit compote White bread | ||||
|
Unsweetened cookies |
Unsweetened cookies | ||||
|
Tea with milk White bread with butter and grated cheese |
Oatmeal porridge "Hercules" milk Tea with milk White bread with butter and cheese | ||||
|
Milk |
Milk | ||||
V.G. Liflyandsky, V.V. Zakrevsky
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