2 letters are written. Difficult spellings n - nn

21.10.2019

Algorithm for working with Н-НН in the word suffix

1. I see a word with H in the suffix before H consonant the letter means, I always write this adjective H (inter Withn th)

2. I see a word with H in the suffix before H vowel I conduct a word-formation analysis of the letter:

3. The word is formed from a noun means it's an adjective isolate the root and apply the rule(for full and short form):

1) suffix –AN-YANG I write with H(made from something: sand en th)

EXCL: tin yann th, trees yann oh, glass yann th

2) suffix –IN-I write with H(always stressed; someone; from an animated noun:

eagle in th)

3) suffix -ENN-ONN I write with HH(morning enn ii)

EXCL: wind en th

4) the root (base) ends with H + H suffix - I write HH (tuma nn oh, old nn th)

4. The word is formed from the verb I define the form

A) full form I apply the rule:

1) there is a dependent word, it means this is a participle - I write HH(crush enn th paint)

2) there is a suffix -OVA-EVA, which means this is a participle - I write HH(rice ovann th)

3) from the verb perfect look so this is a sacrament - I write HH(on crush enn th)

4) from an imperfective verb, it means that this is an adjective - I write H(crush en th floor)

B) short form define the meaning of the word:

1) direct meaning means this is a short participle - I write H(children sobr en s in class)

2) figurative meaning so this is a short adjective - I write HH(children sobr ann s)

DIFFICULT CASES OF WRITING N - HH

short form

EXAMPLES	PARTICIPLES (direct meaning, there may be dependent words, can be replaced by a verb)	ADJECTIVES (figurative meaning, qualities of a person) combined with an adverb VERY
Full form	H	HH
1.Educated	Educated Educated Educated Educated Educated new commission.	Educated Educated Educated Educated She was smart and educated.
2.Organized	Organized competitions well organized.	Organized Pupils organized, diligent.
3.Excited	Excited Sea excitedly wind.	His speech was excited excited.
4. Scattered	Scattered in the world miracles scattered everywhere.	Absent-minded She was inattentive and distracted.
5.Brought up	Katya was brought up brought up grandmother.	Well-bred Children are smart and brought up.
6.Discreet	Enemy Attack Restrained restrained soldiers.	Restrained Fighters reserved and focused.
7. Focused	Concentrated Troops concentrated in the offensive area.	Focused Students on the exam are attentive and focused.
8.Limited	Limited Brigade limited in time.	Limited Thinking Neighbor limited.
9.Exquisite	Exquisite Resources found directorate.	Exquisite Her manners exquisite.
10. Depressed	The revolt was put down quickly suppressed.	Depressed People were depressed and sad.
11. Considered	Thought out The moves of the game were considered.	Thoughtful Her Behavior thoughtlessly .
12. Confident	Confident Athletes sure in victory.	Confident Movement unsure and awkward.
13.Assembled	A lot of potatoes have been harvested in the fields.	The fighters are collected and attentive.
14. Spoiled	Grandchildren are spoiled by their grandmother.	Spoiled grandchildren are rude.
15. Sublime	Exalted Molchaliny exalted in the world.	Exalted Aspirations lofty, are clean.
16. Well-read	Read Lectures well-read professor.	Well-read Friends well-read and cultural.
17. Tangled	Tangled Traces confused hare.	Tangled Relationship confused strange.
18. Exhausted	Exhausted Babes exhausted expensive.	Exhausted The views of the prisoners exhausted and
19. Hounded	Hounded On the hunt hunted down Fox.	hunted down. Hounded.
20. Launched	Rocket launched launched into the space.	Launched Alley neglected, unorganized.
Soulful Risky Arrogant	- - -	The speeches are poignant and sincere. The trip to the mountains was risky. Madam is very arrogant.

adjectives

remember spelling

vocabulary words	depend on the value
H	HH	from nouns	from verbs
1. windy (excl.) 2. vigorous (excl.) 3. written gorgeous 4. named brother (BUT! called by name) 5. Forgiveness Sunday 6. living room - hotel 7. planted father (BUT! A planted tree) 8.dowry brides 9. sister-in-law 10. finished man (BUT! Finished business) 11. sanguine 12. silver 13. twisted guy 14. omshanik ( for bees) 15. smart 16. hard worker PRIMARY 1. crimson 2. buckskin 3. black 4. single 5. green 6. spicy 7. drunken 8. rye 9. ruddy 10. zealous 11. pig 12. blue 13. young POSSESSIVE 1. mutton 2. peacock 3. carp 4. seal 5. pheasant 6. monkey BUT! monkey house	1. slow 2. desired 3. cutesy 4. sacred 5. unexpected 6. unexpected unexpected 7. unseen seen 8. unheard heard 9. unexpected 10. given 11. pecked 12. promised 13. desperate 14. dowry 15. protege 16. done 17. cursed 18. alert 19. twitchy Human 20.attorney in business 21. teetotaler 22. swaggered (swagger = pride) 23. chased (chased = ax) 24. counted 25. erased 26. read 27. stirrups 28. homegrown BUT! Erased-re-erased Read-re-read!! unexpected - unexpected	WIND Windy day Windy man Without (under) windy BUT! wind turbine
OIL oil (for oil on oil from oil) oil stain Oil paint	BUTTER Buttered (soiled soaked greased) buttered pancake, porridge
SALT saline solution	SALT salty fish
SILVER silver ring	SILVER silver copper
RESIN torch	tar tar boat

ATTENTION!

Honored e n (from honor it)

Dosto and n (from worth th ny) -

Dosto and nstvo.

Udli n e nn th (- udli n it - length n a)

Spelling H and HH in different parts speeches

noun

1. Nouns ending in -NICK, -NITSA and OST, formed from adjectives withnn also written withnn : society nn th - society nn ik - society nn itz-society nn awn.

2. Cnn nouns are also written with suffixes

-NICK, -NICA from nouns with stem onn: tribute - yes nn ik - yes nn itza .

1. In nouns formed from an adjective withn , are written withn : Yu n y - y n awn.

Remember:

prida n oh, but shameless nn itza

brought up nn ik

elect nn ik

sacred nn ik

setting nn ik

drowned nn ik

brew n ik

smoked n awn

ice cold n oh

muche n ik

harder n ik

study n ik

adjective

1. In adjectives formed with a suffixn from nouns with stem onn: kame n b - kame nn oh, with n -so nn oh, ba n I am - ba nn th.

Remember:

bar n uy

saza n uy

tulle n uy

This also includes adjectives formed from neuter nouns inme : name- name nn oh, flame - flame nn th, tribe - tribe nn Oh .

Remember:

green n th (but green tent)

blush n th

svi n Oh

Yu n th. They are formed without the help of suffixes.

nameless nn th

mean nn th.

2. In adjectives formed from nouns using the suffixes ENN, ONN:revolution - revolution he N th, society - society enn th .

3. In adjectives: tin nn oh, tree nn oh, glass nn th.

4. In adjectives in -OVANNY, -ЁVANNY, formed from verbs: take risks -risky nn th , uproot -korcheva nn th.

Exceptions : kova n oh, chew n th.

5. In a few adjectives formed from verbs without prefixes or with negation not (in these adjectives nn are clearly heard ): wish - wish nn oh, no wait - waiting nn oh, ugly nn oh no nn oh, gem nn oh, holy nn th .

6. In adjectives formed from verb stems with prefixes:lost nn th (view), worn nn th (suit) .

7. Short adjectives are writtennn , if they are formed from complete, havingnn : length nn th - length nn a, tse nn th - tse nn a, celebration nn th - celebration nn s .

8. In the first stem of complex adjectives, it is writtennn , if it is formed from an adjective withnn : vago nn o-locomotive park (vago park nn th and locomotive).

1. In non-prefixed adjectives formed from imperfective verbs (these verbs answer the question what to do ?): rage - rage n oh, cook - cook n th.

Remember: Non-prefixed adjectives of the type in question must be distinguished from participles similar to them, which are written with nn . Such participles carry dependent words:

Gruzhe n th (adjective) platform – heavier nn th (communion) stone platform.

2. Adjectives with the suffix IN:chickens in oh, guest in th.

3. Adjectives with the suffix AN, YANG:silver yang ouch, cannabis yang ouch, ice yang Oh. Exceptions: tin nn oh, glass nn oh, tree nn th.

4. Adjectivewindy. Prefix adjectives formed from the wordwind , are written with nn:no wind nn oh, tomorrow nn oh, downwind nn th .

5. In the first stem of complex adjectives, n is written if the first stem is formed from a noun on n: wave n construction plant (machine building plant) n ).

We need to distinguish:

wind en weather - windy yang oh engine

oil en th pancake - oil yang oh cookie

silver yon th spoon - silver yang th bowl

Sol yon th fish - salt yang oh pole

Communion

1. In the full passive past participles formed from verbs with prefixes:With break - break nn th, on sow - sow nn th .

Exceptions:

name n yy (brother)

planted n yy (father)

smarter n th (boy)

2. In full participles formed from non-prefixed verbs of the perfect form (these verbs answer the question what to do ?): buy - purchase nn oh, captivate - captivity nn th.

Remember:

nezhda nn th

bad luck nn th

unheard nn th

unseen nn th

Affairs nn th

desire nn th

not tea nn th

3. In participles on -OVANNY, -ЁVANNY:organization ovated .

Remember:

kova n th

chewing n th

smoother n th - smoother n th

washing n th - rewash n th

writing n oh beauty

Simpler n oh sunday

smoother n th

domotka n th

little traveler n th

4. If the sacrament has a dependent word:sowing nn through a sieve flour.

1. In short participles:heard n uh, story n s, treason n s.

2. If the sacrament does not have a dependent word, prefixes:scrap n th line

Adverbs

1. If nn is written in the suffix of a full adjective or participle, then nn is also preserved in the adverb:scattering nn th man - I look scattering nn oh fright nn th facial expression - fear nn oh subdued .

Н and НН in all parts of speech

On our site you can.

1956 rules:

Section 61 The double n is written in the suffixes -enn-, -onn- of adjectives formed from nouns, for example: straw, painful, cranberry, artificial, internal, bucket, characteristic, dining, revolutionary, positional.

Note. In the word windy and in derivatives from it, one n is written, but in prefixed formations -nn- is written (still, leeward).

Adjectives with suffix -yan- (-en-), formed from nouns are written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather.

adjectives wood, pewter, glass are written with a double n.

With one n, a suffix is \u200b\u200bwritten -in- in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, as well as in the noun hotel.

§ 62. Double n spelled in passive past participles, for example: reports read at the solemn meeting; a fighter wounded by an enemy bullet; collective farm, organized in 1930; detachment reinforced by two companies; deputies elected in The Supreme Council.

§ 63. Double n is written in all adjectives formed from passive past participles (or according to their type), if these adjectives have prefixes or end in -wounded, -wounded(except for chewed and forged), for example: the patient was prescribed enhanced nutrition, a volume of selected works of Pushkin was published, sublime style, an inscribed triangle, aged wine, a trusted person, temperate climate, refined manners, an abstract question, an absent-minded student, a worn dress, used books, a tear-stained face, a rusty key, a risky step, a spoiled child, an uprooted plot.

But adjectives formed from passive participles of the past tense should be written with one n, if these adjectives do not have a prefix and are not formed from verbs in -ovate, -evate, for example: scientific works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, salted cucumbers, soaked apples, boiled potatoes, dyed fabric.

The words desired, sacred, unexpected, unseen, unheard, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.

§ 64. Double n spelled in adverbs on -o and in nouns with suffixes on -ik, -its, -ost, formed from adjectives, if the latter are written with two n, for example: accidentally, unheard of, excitedly, excitement (agitated); confident, confident (confident); upbringing, pupil, pupil (educated); protege (placed); prisoner (prisoner); birthday boy (birthday); sennik (hay); root (root); characteristic (proprietary).

If the adjective has one n, then the adverbs and nouns formed from it are written with one n, for example: confused, confused, confused (confused); learned, learning (scientist); hemp (hemp); silversmith (silversmith). Also, with one n, the words srebrenik (in the meaning of a coin) and unmercenary (disinterested person) are written.

Section 65. double n written in plural. h. and in the feminine and neuter gender units. h. short adjectives formed from passive past participles, in full form which - double n, for example: groups are disciplined and organized, the girl is well-mannered and smart; they are very scattered.

Short passive participles are written with one n, for example: broken, broken, broken, broken, the young man was brought up by the Komsomol; the girl is pampered by upbringing; we are limited by time; students are organized into groups.

Clear sign

The rule is rather difficult. We do not recommend studying it on your own. It is better if an experienced teacher explains everything. You can learn how to apply this rule in the courses of our site.

Examples

heat n th bow ( verbal adjective in full form: no prefix, dependent word, -ovannn-, -evann-, formed from ch. carried. species).

Zazare nn th bow (participle in full form, there is a prefix).

heat nn onion in a frying pan (participle in full form, there is a dependent word).

canned nn th bow (communion in full form, there is a combination of letters -ovan-).

Onion fire n(participle in short form).

Territory limited n and a fence (participle in short form).

These people are immoral and limited nnы (short adjective derived from participle).

He is preoccupied nn o looked at me (adverb from concerned).

Society is concerned n about what is happening (participle in short form).

Silver n th knife (denominated adjective, suffix -YAN-).

Karti nn th gallery (one letter H in the root, the other in the suffix).

triumph nn meeting (nominative adjective with the suffix -ENN-).

Everything was very solemn nn o (adverb from solemn).

What words need to be remembered (here exceptions + difficult cases).

One letter H is written in the words:

Forgiveness Sunday, uninvited guest, uninvited guest, living room, hotel, hotel, living room, gold-forged, planted father, named brother, windy, washed-up man, dowry, tricky, mummers, smart, young, ruddy, drunk, spicy, mad, rye, zealous, pig, chewed, forged, pecked, dumpling, potato pancake, hard worker, martyr, hard worker, martyr, silversmith, unmercenary, carnival, bone, powder box, alder, confusion, peat bog, length, truth.

Two letters HH are written in the words:

Glass, pewter, wooden, nameless, desired, sacred, slow, unseen, unheard of, unexpected, unexpected, unintentional, desperate, cursed, made, conceited, chased, cutesy, homegrown, given, decided, bought, state-owned, captive, abandoned, deprived, offended, embarrassed, executed, done business, defeated, born, pecked, awake, let go.

In adjectives, one letter H is written in suffixes -IN-, -AN-, -YANG-.

For instance: swan(in suffix -IN - one letter H is written) leather(in suffix

-AN- one letter H is written) woolen(in suffix -YAN- one letter H is written.

Remembering three suffixes in which one letter H is written is very easy. Need to know p the first letter of the alphabet and the last - A and Z. We add one letter H to them and get suffixes - AN, YING, YANG .

You can learn a rhyme that will help you remember the suffixes of adjectives that are written with one letter N.

For adjectives long ago

Written in scholarly books

When AN, YING, YANG, then H is one

And no more excess.

Suffix -IN- called "animal". With the help suffix IN adjectives are formed from animate nouns denoting animals, insects, birds.

MOUSE IN YY = MOUSE + IN

MOSQUITO IN YY \u003d KOMAR + IN

Nightingale IN YY \u003d Nightingale + IN

In adjectives MOUSE IN YY,MOSQUITO IN OY, NIGHTINGALING IN YY the "animal" suffix is written - IN - with one letter N.

Suffixes - AN-, -YAN - are written in the names of adjectives denoting the material from which the object is made:

SKIN AN YY \u003d SKIN + AN

PESC AN YY \u003d SAND + AN

SILVER YAN YY = SILVER + YANG

WOOL YAN OH = WOOL + YAN

CLAY YAN YY \u003d CLAY + YAN

Adjectives SKIN AN YY, SAND AN YY, SILVER YAN YY , WOOL YAN OH CLAY YAN YH are written with one letter H, since the suffix in them begins with the letters AND I .

Three adjectives should be remembered, the suffix of which begins with the letter I, but the letters H in it are written not one, but two. These are the exception words: TREE YANN YY, TIN YANN GLASS YANN YY.

The following riddle about WINDOW:

glass surface, wooden frame, pewter handle.

2. Two letters НН in adjective suffixes

Two letters H are written in the names of adjectives whose suffixes begin with the letter O or E. For example, EDITORIALS HE N YY, TRADITIONS HE N YY, STRAW ENN YY, CRANBERRY ENN YY.

Remember suffix - HE N- helps with HH UN - United Nations.

It is known that suffix - HE N- - UN fanatic.

It strives to be as similar to the UN as possible in everything. True, the difference between them is immediately noticeable: the suffix has - HE N- two H's, and his UN idol has two O's.

With the suffix - HE N -, in which two letters H are written, adjectives are formed most often foreign origin. For example, COMMISSION HE N EDITORIAL HE N YY, TRADITIONS HE N YY, REVOLUTION HE N YY

Two letters H are written in the suffix -ENN-.

Adjectives with the suffix - ENN- most often formed from nouns whose stem ends in several consonants: ARTS ENN YY, CRANBERRY ENN YY, LIFE ENN YY, FIRE ENN OH, ILLNESS ENN YY.

In Russian, there is an exception word, the suffix of which begins with the letter E, but the letters N in it are written not two, but one. This word is WINDY.

WINDY DAY

WINDY YOUTH

In the word WINDY, one letter H is written!

However, if the prefix WITHOUT appears in the word WINDY, then two letters H are written according to the rule.

WINDLESS NIGHT (there is a prefix in the word)

Remember the spelling of words WINDY andWINDLESS the following verse helps.

Windy young man, windy day!

You can easily remember:

I always write only one N!

Windless morning, day or night!

Without applying the rules of knowledge,

Write two N's without hesitation!

3. Two letters H at the junction of morphemes

Two letters H are written in the names of adjectives formed with the help of the suffix H from nouns with the stem starting with the letter H.

PLAIN = ravni H A+ H

A LONG= LENGTH H A+ H

TRUE= ISTI H A+ H

outlandish= DIKOVI H A+ H

pancake = BLI H +H

The following poetic rule helps to write a double letter H in the adjective.

The mist one has

But if the city has become foggy,

Based on H and suffix H,

And it turns out,

Remember this case is strange.

4. Things to remember

There are several words in Russian that do not have the suffix H and suffer greatly from this. These words are often confused and erroneously write double HH in them.

Remember: in words SINGLE, GREEN, SPICY, ROSE, YOUNG, PORK one letter H is written, which is part of the root.

5. Analyzing examples

Let's determine how many letters H are written in the following adjectives and why.

GOOSE(this word has an "animal" suffix -IN -, in which one letter H is written),

TELEPHONE(this adjective is formed from the noun TELEPHONE, the stem of which ends with the letter H. The suffix H is added. Therefore, we write the word TELEPHONE with two letters H),

STRAW(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter E, so we write HH),

LINEN(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter I and denotes the material from which the object is made, so we write one letter H),

WINDY(this is an exception word in which one letter H is written),

INFECTIOUS(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter O, so we write HH),

GLASS(this is an exception word that is included in the riddle about the window; therefore we write HH).

6. Algorithm for writing Н, НН in adjective suffixes

Choosing H, HH to write in the suffix, you can use the algorithm.

Table 1. Algorithm for writing Н, НН in adjective suffixes ()

7. Н, НН in short adjectives

It should be remembered that in the short names of adjectives the same number of N is written as in the full ones: traditional - traditional, smart - smart.

Bibliography

Russian language. Grade 6 / Baranov M.T. and others - M .: Education, 2008.
Babaitseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 cells - M.: Bustard, 2008.
Russian language. 6 cells / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.

Reference table().
Presentation ().
Additional exercise ().

Homework

Task number 1

Insert, where necessary, the missing letters H or HH. Justify your answer.

Yu..y, y..at, silver..y, aviation..y, long..y, tin..y, straight..y, hurricane..y, debatable..y, swans..y, wind..th, windy..oh, windless..th, autumn..th, morning..th, morning..ik, glass..th, harder..ik, silver..th, silver..ka, shameless..ik, seme..oh, ice..oh, cranberry..oh, hemp..oh, hemp..ik, sparrows..oh, nightingales..oh, stirrup..oh, seme..oh, red banner .. th, triumph .. th, life .. th , old .. th, guests .. th, guests ple..th, whole..th, drunk..th, rya..th, blush..th, blush..a, fire..th, sandy..th, craft..th, secondary..th, pension .. th, clay .. th, beast .. th, offspring .. th, precious .. th, bouillo .. th, flat .. th, half-dead .. th, wild .. th, not quite .. th, sheep..th, infectious..th, sympathetic..th, seventh..th, countless..th, friendship..th, oats..th, one-time..th, ants..th, wave..th, mice..y, svi..oh, pigs..a, firewood..ik, oil..ik, mali..ik, axis..ik, ripples..ik, friends..ik, moshe..ik, wind..ik, side..ik, smart..yy, ko..itsa, leeward..yy, sandy..ik, travel. .ik, vlasya..itsa, vishe..ik, weathered..y, chicken..oh (ataman).

Task number 2

Make the “silent” table speak: write down the necessary words in place of the gaps. Write down adjectives with the studied spelling from the poems.

1. He slept, all radiant, in an oak manger,

Like a ray of moon in the hollow of a hollow.

He was replaced with a sheep ... skin

Donkey ... ox lips and nostrils.

B. Pasternak

2. And there is a birch in so ... oh silence,

And snowflakes burn in golden fire.

S. Yesenin

3. Do you love ice ... oh January,

Windless, brutal cold.

And I am a fierce February,

A blizzard, a daring snowstorm.

Н and НН in all parts of speech

On our site you can.

1956 rules:

Note. In the word windy and in derivatives from it, one n is written, but in prefixed formations -nn- is written (still, leeward).

Adjectives with suffix -yan- (-en-), formed from nouns are written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather.

adjectives wood, pewter, glass are written with a double n.

With one n, a suffix is \u200b\u200bwritten -in- in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, as well as in the noun hotel.

§ 63. Double n is written in all adjectives formed from passive past participles (or according to their type), if these adjectives have prefixes or end in -wounded, -wounded(except for chewed and forged), for example: the patient is prescribed enhanced nutrition, a volume of selected works of Pushkin came out, a sublime style, an inscribed triangle, aged wine, a trusted person, a temperate climate, refined manners, an abstract question, an absent-minded student, a worn dress, used books, tear-stained face, rusty key, risky step, spoiled child, uprooted plot.

But adjectives formed from passive participles of the past tense should be written with one n, if these adjectives do not have a prefix and are not formed from verbs in -ovate, -evate, for example: scientific works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, pickled cucumbers, pickled apples, boiled potatoes, dyed fabric.

The words desired, sacred, unexpected, unseen, unheard, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.

Section 65. double n written in plural. h. and in the feminine and neuter gender units. hours of short adjectives formed from passive past participles, in the full form of which - double n, for example: groups are disciplined and organized, the girl is well-mannered and smart; they are very scattered.

Clear sign

The rule is rather difficult. We do not recommend studying it on your own. It is better if an experienced teacher explains everything. You can learn how to apply this rule in the courses of our site.

Examples

heat n th bow (verbal adjective in full form: no prefix, dependent word, -ovannn-, -evann-, formed from ch. non. species).

Zazare nn th bow (participle in full form, there is a prefix).

heat nn onion in a frying pan (participle in full form, there is a dependent word).

canned nn th bow (communion in full form, there is a combination of letters -ovan-).

Onion fire n(participle in short form).

Territory limited n and a fence (participle in short form).

These people are immoral and limited nnы (short adjective derived from participle).

He is preoccupied nn o looked at me (adverb from concerned).

Society is concerned n about what is happening (participle in short form).

Silver n th knife (denominated adjective, suffix -YAN-).

Karti nn th gallery (one letter H in the root, the other in the suffix).

triumph nn meeting (nominative adjective with the suffix -ENN-).

Everything was very solemn nn o (adverb from solemn).

What words need to be remembered (here exceptions + difficult cases).

One letter H is written in the words:

Forgiveness Sunday, uninvited guest, uninvited guest, living room, hotel, hotel, living room, gold-forged, planted father, named brother, windy, finished man, dowry, tricky, mummers, smart, young, ruddy, drunk, spicy, mad, rye, zealous, pork, chewed, forged, pecked, dumpling, potato pancake, hard worker, martyr, hard worker, martyr, silversmith, unmercenary, carnival, bone, powder box, alder, confusion, peat bog, length, truth.