They used swear words, some loudly and publicly, some quietly, in a whisper, almost to themselves. The attitude towards swearing is very ambiguous and most often depends on the environment in which one lives or rather than on social status and age.
The widespread belief that teenagers swear many times more than mature people fails on Russian roads, in auto repair shops and undistinguished drinking establishments. Here people do not hold back the impulses that come from the heart, splashing out a wave of their negativity on the interlocutor and those around them. In most cases, the use of swearing is due to a lack of vocabulary or the fact that a person is not able to express his words and thoughts in a more civilized form.
From the point of view of esotericism and religion, a scolding person from the inside decomposes himself and has a bad effect on the surrounding space, releasing negative energy. It is believed that these people get sick more often than those who keep their tongue clean.
Obscene language can be heard in completely different layers. Often in the media you can find reports of another scandal with famous politicians or movie and show business stars who publicly used profanity. The paradox is that even someone who uses profanity to connect words in a sentence denounces such celebrity behavior and considers it unacceptable.
Relation of the law to the use of profanity
The Code of Administrative Offenses clearly regulates the use of swear words and expressions in a public place. A violator of peace and order must pay a fine, and in some cases, foul language may be subject to administrative arrest. However, in Russia and most of the CIS countries, this law is observed only when swear words were used against a law enforcement officer.Cursing is swearing regardless of profession, wealth and level of education. However, for many, the presence of older people, young children and work that involves polite interaction with people is a deterrent.
Resourceful people a couple of decades ago found a way out of the situation: along with obscenities, a surrogate appeared in oral speech. The words “damn”, “star”, “fuck off” do not seem to be a foul language in the literal sense of the word and cannot fall under the corresponding article by definition, but they carry the same meaning and the same negative as their predecessors, and the list such words are constantly replenished.
On forums and in the discussion of news, as a rule, the use of strong words is prohibited, but surrogates have successfully bypassed this barrier as well. Thanks to the appearance of an obscene surrogate, parents no longer hesitate to use it in the presence of children, harming the cultural development of their child, introducing an immature person to the use of swear words.
Loving a man who don't give a fuck about me is my style, yeah...
There are a lot of good people in the world, but I always communicate with the fuckers, it's more interesting with them
And in a white dress and veil, I go with flowers to the altar, and my father shouts after me Anton bl ** don’t dishonor the family!
Who said you need a valid reason to hate? None of that.
If the cat flies ass-first over the fence, it means that he blew something off the table.
Even a billion hearts under your ava won't fix the flaws of nature on your fuck
Short about me - f*ck brains and fuck a lot
At home they say: "Leave your nerves at work!" At work: "Leave your nerves at home!". Fuck, where to leave the nerves?
I respect the ocean. He takes lives and he doesn't give a fuck.
They say when you start to give a fuck about a person, he begins to understand what he has lost. So let the f**k rule the world. Everyone will be happy.
The hedgehog came out of the fog, ran out of marijuana, he suddenly found hemp, and went into the fog again!
And again I step into the bottomless heights, with a huge poster ... "Fuck it all."
Math is an ambiguous concept. Some consider it unacceptable, while others cannot imagine emotional communication without strong expression. But it is impossible to argue with the fact that the mat has long become an integral part of the Russian language, and it is used not only by uncultured people, but also by well-educated representatives of society. Historians claim that Pushkin, Mayakovsky, Bunin, and Tolstoy sweared with pleasure and defended it as an integral part of the Russian language. Where did swear words come from, and what do the most common of them really mean?
Where did mat come from
Many believe that foul language originates from the time of the Mongol-Tatar yoke, but linguist historians have long refuted this fact. The Golden Horde and most of the nomadic tribes were Muslims, and representatives of this religion do not defile their lips with swearing, and it is considered the biggest insult for them to call a person an “unclean” animal - for example, a pig or a donkey. Accordingly, the Russian mat has a more ancient history and goes back to ancient Slavic beliefs and traditions.
By the way, the designation of the male causal place in the Turkic dialects sounds absolutely harmless - kutah. The carriers of the fairly common and harmonious surname Kutakhov would be surprised to find out what it really means!
A common three-letter word, according to one version, is the imperative mood of the verb “how to”, that is, to hide
Most ethnographers and linguists claim that swear words originated from the Proto-Indo-European language, which was spoken by the ancestors of the ancient Slavs, Germanic tribes and many other peoples. The difficulty lies in the fact that its speakers did not leave any written sources, so the language had to be reconstructed literally bit by bit.
The word "mat" itself has several variants of origin. According to one of them, once it meant a scream or a loud voice - confirmation of this theory is the expression "Scream with a good obscenity", which has come down to our times. Other researchers argue that the term comes from the word "mother", since most obscene constructions send an objectionable person to a certain mother, or imply sexual relations with her.
The exact origin and etymology of swear words also remains unclear - linguists and ethnologists put forward many versions on this matter. Only three are considered the most likely.
- Communication with parents. In the days of Ancient Russia, old people and parents were treated with great respect and reverence, so all words with sexual overtones regarding the mother were considered a serious insult to a person.
- Connection with Slavic conspiracies. In the beliefs of the ancient Slavs, the genitals occupied a special place - it was believed that they contained the magical power of a person, and when referring to it, willy-nilly, one had to remember those very places. In addition, our ancestors believed that devils, witches and other dark entities are extremely bashful and cannot stand swear words, so they used obscene language as a defense against the unclean.
- Communication with peoples of other faiths. In some ancient Russian texts there is a mention that swearing has a “Jewish” or “dog” origin, but this does not mean that non-Zentsurshchina came to us from Judaism. The ancient Slavs called “dogs” any other beliefs, and words borrowed from representatives of such religions were used as curses.
Some experts believe that the mat was invented as a secret language
Another common misconception is that the Russian language is the richest in obscene words of all. In fact, philologists distinguish from 4 to 7 basic structures, and all the rest are formed from them using suffixes, prefixes and prepositions.
Most popular swear words
In Serbia, whose language is related to Russian, obscene words are much less taboo
- X**. The most common swear word that can be found on walls and fences around the world. According to Wikipedia, at least 70 different words and idioms are derived from it, ranging from the short and understandable to everyone “go to f*ck”, ending with the more original “f**k” or “one f**k”. In addition, this word can be called one of the oldest and most respected in the Russian language - many researchers believe that it goes back to the Pranostratic language, which was formed in the 11th millennium BC. The most common theory of its origin is from the Indo-European skeu-, which meant "shoot" or "sprout". From him came the more harmless and censorship word "needles".
- x*r. This word, as it used to be, was quite decent and often used - that was the name of the 23rd letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, which after the reform turned into the letter X. Researchers name different reasons for its transformation into an obscene statement. According to one theory, x*rum was once called the cross, and the defenders of paganism cursed the first Christians who actively planted their faith in Russia, telling them “Go to x*r,” which meant “die like your God.” The second version says that in the Proto-Indo-European language this word was used to refer to a goat, including an idol patron of fertility, which had a large sexual organ.
On the one hand, the frequent use of swear words indicates a low culture of a person, but on the other hand, they are part of the history, literature and even the mentality of the Russian people. As the well-known joke goes, a foreigner who lived in Russia for five years could not understand why "pi**ato" is good, and "f*ck" is bad, and "pi**ets" is worse, than "f*ck" and "ooh*no" is better than "f**k ato".
RUSSIAN MAT
Every person in Russia from early childhood begins to hear words that he calls obscene, obscene, obscene. Even if a child grows up in a family where swearing is not used, he still hears it on the street, becomes interested in the meaning of these words, and pretty soon his peers interpret swear words and expressions for him. In Russia, attempts have been repeatedly made to combat the use of obscene words, fines have been introduced for swearing in public places, but to no avail. There is an opinion that swearing in Russia flourishes due to the low cultural level of the population, however, I can name many names of highly cultured people of the past and present, who belonged and belong to the most highly intelligent and cultured elite and at the same time are big swearers in everyday life and not shy away from obscenities in their works. I do not justify them and do not urge everyone to use the mat. God forbid! I am categorically against swearing in public places, against the use of obscene words in works of art, and especially on television. However, the mat exists, lives and is not going to die, no matter how we protest against its use. And you don't have to be hypocrites, close your eyes, you need to study this phenomenon both from the psychological side and from the point of view of linguistics.
I started collecting, studying and interpreting swear words as a student in the sixties. The defense of my Ph.D. thesis was held in such secrecy, as if it were about the latest nuclear research, and immediately after the defense of the thesis, the dissertation went into the special libraries of libraries. Later, in the seventies, when I was preparing my doctoral dissertation, it was necessary to clarify some words, and I could not get my dissertation from the Lenin Library without special permission from the authorities. So it was quite recently, when, as in a well-known anecdote, everyone pretended that they knew diamat, although no one knew him, but everyone knew mat, and pretended that they did not know him.
Currently, every second writer uses obscene words in his works, we hear swearing from the television screen, but for several years not a single publishing house that I proposed to publish a scientific explanatory dictionary of swear words decided to release it. And only the dictionary, shortened and adapted for a wide range of readers, saw the light of day.
To illustrate the words in this dictionary, I widely used folklore: obscene anecdotes, ditties that have long lived among the people, were often used, but were published in recent years, as well as quotations from the works of the classics of Russian literature from Alexander Pushkin to Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Many quotes are taken from the poems of Sergei Yesenin, Alexander Galich, Alexander Tvardovsky, Vladimir Vysotsky and other poets. Of course, I could not do without the works of Ivan Barkov, without the "Russian cherished tales" by A. I. Afanasyev, without folk obscene songs, poems and poems, without contemporary writers such as Yuz Aleshkovsky and Eduard Limonov. A treasure trove for researchers of Russian swearing is a cycle of hooligan novels by Pyotr Aleshkin, which are almost entirely written in obscene words. I could illustrate this dictionary only with quotations from his works.
The dictionary is intended for a wide range of readers: for those who are interested in swear words, for literary editors, for translators from the Russian language, etc.
In this dictionary, I did not indicate in what environment the word functions: whether it refers to criminal jargon, to youth slang, or to jargon of sexual minorities, because the boundaries between them are rather shaky. There are no words that would be used in one environment. I also indicated only the obscene meaning of the word, leaving other, ordinary meanings outside of it.
And the last. You hold in your hands the explanatory dictionary "Russian obscenities"! Remember that it contains only obscene, obscene, obscene words. You will not meet others!
Professor Tatyana Akhmetova.
From the book A Million Meals for Family Dinners. Best Recipes author Agapova O. Yu. From the book Russian Mat [Explanatory Dictionary] author Russian folkloreRUSSIAN MAT Every person in Russia from early childhood begins to hear words that he calls obscene, obscene, obscene. Even if a child grows up in a family where swearing is not used, he still hears it on the street, becomes interested in the meaning of these words and
From the book Winged words author Maksimov Sergey Vasilievich From the book Encyclopedia of Dr. Myasnikov about the most important author Myasnikov Alexander Leonidovich7.8. Russian character Once a writer from Russia came to New York and participated in one of the many programs on local television. Of course, the presenter asked him about the mysterious Russian soul and Russian character. The writer illustrated this as follows
TSB From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (RU) of the author TSB From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (RU) of the author TSB
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