Ushakov's dictionary

Ellipsis

many points, ellipses, Wed (gram, a type.). A punctuation mark in the form of three (or more) dots placed side by side in a line.

Dictionary of linguistic terms

Ellipsis

Punctuation mark used:

1) to indicate the incompleteness of the utterance caused by the speaker's excitement, a break in logical development thoughts, an external hindrance, to indicate hesitation or interruptions in speech. Friend Mozart, these tears ... don't notice them(Pushkin) - Oh, so you ... - I sang the whole summer without a soul(Krylov). Listen, let me go ... Get out somewhere ... I have never been in such matters ... For the first time ... I will be lost ...(Bitter);

2) at the beginning of the text to indicate that the narration continues, interrupted by a large insert, or that the events described in this passage of text and in the previous one are separated by a long period of time. ... Too forty years have passed since that morning, and all his life Matvey Kozhemyakin, remembering him, felt in his beaten and sick heart a carefully and incorruptibly preserved feeling of gratitude to the woman-fate, who once smiled at him with a fiery and burning smile(Bitter);

3) to indicate a large pause in an unexpected transition from one thought to another between completed sentences. Dubrovsky was silent ... Suddenly he raised his head, his eyes sparkled, he stamped his foot, pushed the secretary away ...(Pushkin);

4) at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a quotation to indicate that part of the quoted text is missing.

encyclopedic Dictionary

Ellipsis

punctuation mark (...), used to denote an intermittent nature of speech, incompleteness of a statement or a gap in the text.

Ozhegov Dictionary

LOTS O CHIE, I am, Wed

1. A punctuation mark in the form of three adjacent dots (...), meaning a lack of agreement, the ability to continue the text.

Efremova's Dictionary

Ellipsis

1. Wed
   1. A punctuation mark in the form of three adjacent dots, used to indicate a break in speech (with an incomplete statement or with pauses within it).
   2. A series of dots indicating a gap in the text.

Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Ellipsis

A punctuation mark used in cases where it is necessary to depict a certain uncertainty or innuendo of thought, excitement caused by some feeling, event or natural phenomenon, etc. Examples: "The sun is getting higher and higher. The grass is drying quickly. It is already hot It has become. An hour passes, then another ... The sky darkens at the edges ", etc. (Turgenev," Forest and Steppe "); "The grass, the bushes, everything suddenly darkened ... Hurry! There seems to be a hay barn ... Hurry! .. You ran, entered ... What a rain!" etc. (ibid.); "and the gaze of her (goldfish) green eyes was sad, tender and deep ... (Lermontov" Mtsyri "), etc.

S. B-ch.

Russian dictionaries

General information

In russian language 10 punctuation marks. They play an important role, allow you to correctly understand written speech, provide the writer and reader with an unambiguous understanding of the meaning of the statement and the emotional shades of the sentence. In general, without punctuation marks, the text would be a collection of words. They have a varied range of uses. At first glance, it is difficult to understand their formulation, but you can learn this, you just need to know the punctuation rules.

Functions of punctuation marks

1.Sense-distinctive(they help to correctly convey the meaning of the statement; without a punctuation mark, the phrase would remain incomprehensible; it gives an unambiguous meaning to the phrase; without them, the text would be equivalent (equal to) an unclear set of symbols; they help us to make sure that we are understood unambiguously)

2.Intonation-expressive(punctuation at the end of a sentence denotes the purpose of the statement (message, question, or motivation for action) and the intonation of speech, since ZP also set emotional accents: admiration, discontent, joy, surprise, etc.).

Types of punctuation marks

1.Completion signs(period, question and exclamation marks, ellipsis, combination of signs: interrogative with exclamation point; question mark with ellipsis; exclamation mark with ellipsis). The meaning of use: a) help to indicate the completeness, completeness of the phrase, expression; b) unambiguously convey the meaning of the statement (a story about something, a question addressed to someone, an incentive to action), i.e. to indicate intonation, to place emotional accents: admiration, discontent, joy, surprise, etc.

2.Separation marks(comma, colon, semicolon, dash). Meaning of use: helps to place semantic accents on a word or phrase in a sentence.

3.Highlight marks(comma, quotes, brackets, dash). Meaning of use: helps to place semantic accents on a word or phrase in a sentence.

Punctuation marks	Use	Examples of wording in the essay
	Completion sign. The dot unambiguously denotes the end of a sentence in which something is narrated. It indicates the independence of the complete statement.	I will cite as an example sentence number 3: "It has become quiet in the forest." This is a complete statement, which tells about the onset of evening silence and tranquility. The dot marked the end of the sentence.
Ellipsis	Completion sign. First, it unambiguously indicates the end of the utterance, which could be continued. Secondly, it denotes some kind of meditation, the reflection of the author of the speech, it may indicate the incompleteness of information, understatement, the desire to remain silent or about the uncertainty of the writer. Thirdly, the ellipsis is also placed when it is necessary to designate an unexpected transition from one statement to another. Fourthly, ellipses denote a gap in speech (for example, when quoting). In addition, an ellipsis is placed to indicate interruptions in speech, a hitch caused by various reasons (excitement, for example).	The ellipsis is at the end of sentence # 17: "How can I explain it to you better ..." This punctuation mark indicates the end of a completed statement. The ellipsis indicates that the author is thinking, trying to find the right words to continue his speech.
		For example, sentences 23 and 24: "Dubrovsky was silent ... Suddenly he raised his head, his eyes sparkled, he stamped his foot, pushed the secretary away ..." There is an ellipsis at the end of both statements. On the one hand, this sign marks the end of a completed utterance, separates one thought from another. On the other hand, ellipsis denotes an unexpected transition from one statement to another, a quick change of events.
		Take, for example, sentence # 14: "In a department ... but it's better not to name which department." It is no coincidence that Gogol put the ellipsis. This punctuation mark indicates a break in speech, a hitch by the author, apparently pondering whether it is worth indicating the place of action.
Exclamation- solid sign	Completion sign. First, it unambiguously denotes autonomy, independence, the end of a statement in which something is narrated or someone is called (prompted) to action. Secondly, they are given an emotional accent, because with the help of an exclamation mark, we also convey the feeling with which we would like to pronounce the phrase (delight, surprise, discontent, doubt, etc.). The sign indicates emotional tension, emotional coloring of speech.	"What a pity the birds flew away!" This sentence (# 4) is a complete thought. The author, being in the forest, notes with regret that it has become very quiet. His emotional state is underlined by an exclamation mark at the end of a sentence.
Question mark	Completion sign. First, it unambiguously indicates the end of a statement containing a direct question. Secondly, it denotes the intonation with which the sentence should be pronounced (it is interrogative). It can be placed in parentheses to express doubt or bewilderment of the writer.	Let's look at sentence # 16: "What time is it?" This is a direct question. The finished statement belongs to Paul, the hero of the story, who is awaiting an answer.
		"The latest (?) Models of domestic cars were presented at the exhibition." Reading this sentence, we understand that the author of the statement doubts, is somewhat unsure of the given fact.
	First, it is a sign of separation. Separates: a) homogeneous members of the sentence, while marking their boundaries; this sign is placed when listing actions, objects, signs, etc.; b) simple sentences as part of a complex enumeration with the meaning, delimits its parts. Secondly, it is a highlight mark. Separate definitions and circumstances (including participial and adverbial expressions), introductory words and sentences, addresses, interjections, clarifying and explanatory members of the sentence are distinguished by commas. Thus, the comma serves to denote the boundaries of semantic segments that complicate a simple sentence.	The comma separator is used several times in the sentence: "Daisies, dandelions, buttercups, clover are wildflowers." (№ 13) Here are listed homogeneous members (subjects), connected by a non-union connection. The boundaries between them are indicated by commas.
		Two simple sentences in a complex non-union (No. 18) are separated by a comma: "Thunder rumbled, lightning flashed." The punctuation mark indicates the boundaries of the parts of a complex sentence, denotes their autonomy, independence.
		For example, sentence number 2: "It was raining, slanting and shallow." The comma is used here for a reason. It separates homogeneous single definitions, which figuratively depicts the autumn rain in the city.
Colon	Separation sign. First, it divides simple sentences into a complex one, while the second sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first, explains or explains something. Secondly, it is used after a generalizing word before homogeneous members. In this case, the generalizing word includes all lexical meaning a number of homogeneous members that concretize it. Thirdly, the colon separates the words of the author and the actual direct speech.	Consider the sentence: "I am sad: there is no friend with me." (No. 20) This is a complete statement. It is a non-union complex sentence. It has two parts, with the second explaining the reason for what the first says. The border between the two simple sentences indicated by a colon.
		"On the rocks, birds rustled: frigates, guillemots, skuas." This simple sentence lists homogeneous terms. These are the subjects that denote the names of the birds. The generalizing word "birds" is used before them. A colon is used to separate it from homogeneous members.
		The text contains sentence No. 15. It consists of the words of the author of the text ("He asked") and direct speech ("What time is it?"), Belonging to the hero of the story, Vladimir. A colon is inserted between these statements, denoting their separation.
Semicolon	Separation sign. A semicolon is placed between simple sentences as part of a complex non-union with an enumeration value, if one of the simple sentences already contains a comma (i.e., parts of a sentence are already distributed by homogeneous or separate members, introductory words, appeals, clarifying members, etc.).	The author uses a semicolon in the sentence: “Emerald frogs are jumping underfoot; between the roots, raising the golden head, lies already and guards them. " (# 16) The statement is a non-union complex sentence. It consists of two independent, independent parts. The second simple sentence is complicated by the adverbial turnover, which is isolated. Therefore, there is a semicolon between the parts of a complex sentence.
	Separation sign. First, it is put in a non-union complex sentence in the cases: a) the first part has the meaning of time or condition, b) the second part indicates a consequence, a result, b) the content of the parts is opposed. Secondly, a dash separates direct speech from the words of the author (together with a comma, exclamation or question mark), denoting the end of other people's words and the beginning of a statement indicating who their author is. Third, it can separate the explanatory terms of the sentence. Fourth, the dash is used in place of the missing link between the subject and the predicate (incomplete information). Fifth, this sign is in front of the replica when transmitting a dialogue. Sixth, after the homogeneous members of the sentence, a dash is also placed before the generalizing word.	Before us is a non-union complex sentence: "When morning comes, let's start our journey." It has two parts (simple sentences), with the first of them indicating the time when the supposed events will take place. Therefore, inside a complex sentence, a dash is placed between relatively independent statements.
		The dash is used in sentence 17: "The smoky sun rises - the day will be hot." It is a non-union complex sentence, consisting of two simple sentences, representing complete statements. The second part indicates the effect (result). Therefore, a dash is inserted between simple sentences.
	First, quotation marks are used when quoting to indicate that a given statement (complete or part of it) belongs to a person or is an excerpt from a source. Secondly, the quotation marks enclose the direct speech transmitted on behalf of its author. In these cases, quotation marks indicate a change in the author of the statement. Thirdly, quotes mark words used in an unusual, conventional or ironic meaning.	The author, analyzing the poems of the Russian poet, cites the following lines: "As Blok wrote," and an eternal battle, we only dream of peace. " (sentence number 29) A quotation from the work is enclosed in quotation marks, thereby indicating the change of the author of the speech.
		For example, sentence No. 27 is a statement by the 19th century Russian critic VG Belinsky: “In literature we honor the“ table of ranks ”and are afraid to talk about“ high persons ”. In the words of the writer, we hear irony, and therefore some of the words are enclosed in quotation marks.
	Highlight mark. It is used when we want to clarify, clarify something, add additional information to the statement.	"In the summer (most likely in July) we will go on a cruise in the Black Sea." After reading this sentence, we see the circumstance of time "in the summer", which is specified by the words "most likely in July". Clarifying members of the proposal that provide the necessary information are enclosed in brackets.
Combination of exclamation mark with ellipsis	Combination of completion signs. First, it (the combination) unambiguously denotes the end of the utterance. Secondly, an emotional emphasis is placed, because with the help of V.Z. we also convey the feeling with which we pronounce the phrase, and with ellipses indicate some meditation, the reflection of the author of the speech, it may indicate an understatement, a desire to keep something silent or a quick transition from one statement to another (put at the end of the paragraph).	Sample sentence: Unlikely!..
Combination of question mark with ellipses	Combination of completion signs. First, it (the combination) unambiguously denotes the end of the utterance. Secondly, V.Z. denotes the intonation with which the sentence should be pronounced (it is interrogative). Thirdly, the author, combining V.Z. with ellipsis, indicates a kind of meditation, reflection, understatement.	Sample sentence: What is his charm? In his mind? .. In his eyes? ..

Sample composition

Period and ellipsis are important punctuation marks in writing

Period and ellipsis are important signs of writing. The dot is one of the completion signs, it denotes the intonation of the end of the utterance and is placed at the end of the declarative sentence, which expresses the finished thought. Were it not for this sign, we would not pause between statements, and therefore would not understand where one thought ends and another begins. The dot denotes the intonation of the end. An ellipsis can also end a phrase, but the function of the punctuation mark is different. Arguing on any topic, narrating about something, the author of a speech, it happens, does not dare to express his thought completely, is silent about something. The ellipsis is needed to express this innuendo and reflection. Moreover, it can be combined with both question marks and exclamation marks. In the first case, the author asks about something, in the second he expresses emotions (surprise, joy, etc.). In addition, it happens that this sign is also used inside a sentence when it is quoted
someone's statement is not complete. We put ellipsis in place of the missing words.
Let's look at an excerpt from the text. Drawing his hero, the author describes his speech (sentence number 24), pays particular attention to the voice (sentence number 25), the manner of communicating with people. Having said this, N. Heinze ends his thoughts, which are narrative sentences, so at the end we see dots. Talking about what impression Bersenyev made on those around him, the writer cites as an example the words of some of them: "How can I tell you ... I don't know ... but he is charming." The ellipsis is no coincidence here. With its help, it is emphasized how women think, try to understand what the hero attracted to him. And N. Heinze himself, immersed in his thoughts, wonders what Bersenyev's charm is: "In his mind? .. In his look? .. Or in his voice? .." These questions he, thinking, asks himself, but I am not immediately ready to answer them, and therefore here the ellipsis is combined with a question mark.
So, dot and ellipsis are important signs of writing.

This sign, appearing in the text, signals some reticence, hitch, absent-mindedness or confusion of the subject of written speech. In grammar, ellipsis is defined as follows.

An ellipsis is a punctuation mark that consists of three dots written side by side. Serves to indicate an unfinished thought or pause of the author.

This punctuation mark is used for the following purposes:

1. In order to show the incompleteness of the statement, some confusion of thoughts caused by the state of the speaker, a break in the logical development of thought; interference arising from the external environment, as well as to indicate interruptions in speech. It is used, as a rule, in direct speech. For instance:

- I cannot ... I cannot do this ... This is not fair and wrong ... I cannot! ...

- I would say who you are ... but I prefer not to talk about girls like that.

- I remember. I remember this little girl ... she was good ... Why are you asking about her?

2. To indicate hesitation not only between words, but also in the words themselves, For example:

“For… for… forget me! She was shaking all over with anger.

- Va ... Va ... Vanya, now you're not right at all, - said Masha.

3. To mark the boundaries of quotations. It is used in cases where the quotation is not introduced in full, but only in parts that are most significant for the context. There are several ways to enter ellipsis in quotes.

a) To indicate that the boundaries of a quotation, which is an independent sentence in relation to the context, do not coincide with the boundaries of a sentence in the quoted text:

Pushkin, illuminating the works of his contemporaries, characterized Derzhavin as follows: "... Some of Derzhavin's odes, despite the irregularity of the language and the unevenness of the syllable, are filled with the impulses of genius ...".

In this example, we see that the quote, firstly, is an independent sentence, and secondly, although it is framed by a sentence, it clearly has different boundaries in the original text. Indeed, in the original text of Pushkin we see this sentence in its entirety:

“I agree that some of Derzhavin’s odes, despite the irregularity of the syllable and the irregularity of the language, are filled with impulses of true genius, that in Bogdanovich’s Dushenka there are verses and whole pages worthy of La Fontaine, that Krylov surpassed all known fabulists, perhaps excluding this La Fontaine himself that Batyushkov, a happy associate of Lomonosov, did for the Russian language what Petrarch did for Italian; that Zhukovsky would have been translated by all languages, if he himself had translated less ”. (Pushkin, "On the reasons that slowed down the course of our literature)

However, if the quote is drawn up as an indirect speech, then in this case there is no need to put an ellipsis:

The writer, illuminating everything that had been done before him, said that "Derzhavin's odes ... are filled with the impulses of genius."

b) To indicate a gap within a quote:

Pushkin wrote: "And poetry ... must be silly." In the original: "And poetry, God forgive me, must be silly."

Multipoint(…) - a punctuation mark in the form of several (three in Russian) placed side by side. Serves to indicate interruptions in speech, incomplete statements or omissions in the text.

Russian language

In Russian, the ellipsis as one of the punctuation marks was first indicated in the grammar of A. Kh. Vostokov in 1831. Then it was called a "stop sign".

Currently, in Russian, ellipsis are used in the following cases:

Sometimes the ellipsis is used with a question mark or exclamation mark. In these cases, only two periods are put after the sign: "! .." and "? ..". Examples:

• But what is there to propose? .. And then they write, write ... Congress, some Germans ... My head swells. Take everything, and share ... (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog").
• Day is breaking! .. Ah! how soon the night passed! (A. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit").

Ellipsis in other languages

The ellipsis also exists in other languages, but the rules for its use vary from language to language.

In English (as in Russian) there are three dots in an ellipsis, but in Chinese it consists of 6 dots (2 groups of 3 dots).

In Unicode, horizontal ellipsis is U + 2026, in HTML, ellipsis is the name…. In Windows OS, it is entered by the Alt + 0133 key combination.

Mathematics

In mathematics, ellipsis is used to mean "and so on" and, in particular, means:

Use in computer science

In some programming languages ​​(C / C ++, etc.), ellipsis is used to denote an arbitrary number of unknown arguments in a function description. For instance:

int printf (const char * fmt, ...);

means that the first argument of the printf function is of type const char *, and then there can be any number of arguments with arbitrary types.

In user interfaces, ellipsis in menu items and on buttons usually means that the user will need to enter additional data (usually in a separate dialog box) before the action associated with that interface element is performed.

Typography

There is no consensus on how to type ellipsis correctly (with one symbol, "...", or several "..."). Proponents of the first typesetting option cite as an argument the fact that if such a symbol exists, it serves to enrich the text. It also saves bytes when using UTF-16 or UTF-32. But when using the most common UTF-8 encoding, both options take 3 bytes. Also in favor of the second option (which is supported, for example, by

Reference book on the Russian language. Punctuation Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

Section 68. Ellipsis and other signs

1. After a question or exclamation mark, not three dots (the usual form of ellipsis) are put, but two (the third dot is under one of the named signs): How long to live in the world? ..(Tv.); And how did you play yesterday! ..(Sharp.)

2. When an ellipsis with a comma "meets", the latter is absorbed by an ellipsis, which indicates not only the omission of words, but also the omission of the punctuation mark: His wife ... however, they were completely satisfied with each other(G.).

From the book Handbook of the Russian language. Punctuation the author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 4. Ellipsis 1. Ellipsis is placed to denote the incompleteness of the statement caused by various reasons (the speaker's excitement, external hindrances, etc.): Oh, so you ... - I sang a whole summer without a soul (Cr.); "And you are not afraid ..." - "What am I not afraid of?" - "... Make a mistake?"; "AND

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (MN) of the author TSB

§ 55. Ellipsis in citations 1. If a quotation is not given in full, then the gap is indicated by an ellipsis, which is placed: 1) before the quotation (after the opening quotation marks), syntactically unrelated to the author's text, to indicate that the quotation is not given from the beginning

From the book Spelling and Styling Reference the author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 66. Quotation marks and other signs 1. Period, comma, semicolon, colon and dash are not placed before closing quotation marks (all these signs can only be after quotation marks): Some voted “for”, others “against”, but the first were majority; I've had enough of your "but", I

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing the author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 67. Brackets and other signs 1. A comma, semicolon, colon and dash are not placed before an opening or closing parenthesis; all these signs are placed only after the closing parenthesis (except for the case specified in § 26): Ovsyanikov adhered to ancient customs not from

From the book A New Approach to Palm Reading by Webster Richard

§ 68. Ellipsis and other signs 1. After a question or exclamation mark, not three dots (the usual form of ellipsis) are put, but two (the third dot is under one of the named signs): How much more to live in the world? .. (Tv.); And how did you play yesterday! .. (Sharp) 2. At the meeting"

From the author's book

From the author's book

§ 78. Ellipsis 1. An ellipsis is placed to denote the incompleteness of the statement, caused by various reasons, to indicate interruptions in speech, an unexpected transition from one thought to another, etc., for example: In a department ... but it is better not to name in which department

From the author's book

§ 125. Ellipsis in citations 1. If a quotation is not given in full, then the gap is indicated by an ellipsis, which is placed: 1) before the quotation (after the opening quotation marks), syntactically unrelated to the author's text, to indicate that the quotation is not cited from the beginning

From the author's book

§ 135. Quotation marks and other signs 1. Period, comma, semicolon, colon and dash are not placed before closing quotation marks; all these characters can only appear after quotation marks. For example: Some voted “for”, others “against”, but the former had a clear majority; Erase everything on the map

From the author's book

§ 136. Brackets and other signs 1. A comma, semicolon, colon and dash are not placed before an opening or closing parenthesis; all these signs are placed only after the closing parenthesis, for example: It was Pyotr Gerasimovich (Nekhlyudov never knew, and even boasted a little about

From the author's book

§ 137. Ellipsis and other signs 1. After a question mark or exclamation mark, two dots are put (the third dot stands under one of the named signs), for example: How much more to live in the world? .. (Tvardovsky); And how did you play yesterday! .. (A. N. Ostrovsky). 2. When meeting an ellipsis with

From the author's book

§ 78. Ellipsis 1. An ellipsis is placed to denote the incompleteness of the statement, caused by various reasons, to indicate interruptions in speech, an unexpected transition from one thought to another, etc., for example: In a department ... but it is better not to name in which department From the author's book

§ 136. Brackets and other signs 1. A comma, semicolon, colon and dash are not placed before an opening or closing parenthesis; all these signs are placed only after the closing parenthesis, for example: It was Pyotr Gerasimovich (Nekhludoff never knew and even boasted a little about

From the author's book

Chapter 10. Other Palm Marks In addition to hills, lines, and skin patterns, you will find other palm marks that you can sometimes use to expand your analysis. The most important of these are squares, crosses, triangles and stars. They can be seen both on the main lines and along