Bayezid Mosque (Beyazit; tour. Bayezid Camii, Beyazıt Camii) - one of the largest mosques in Istanbul, has two minarets. Located in the old part of the city on Beyazit Square. Next to the mosque are the gates of the Grand Bazaar and the main gate of Istanbul University. The mosque was built by order of Sultan Bayezid II in 1500-1506. Dome diameter - 17 meters. The minarets are decorated with brick ornaments. Baths and madrasahs have been preserved at the mosque.
The mosque was built by order of Sultan Bayezid II in 1500-1506 and became the second major mosque to appear in Constantinople after its conquest in 1453. The first was the Fatih Mosque (1470), but it was badly damaged during the earthquake of 1509 and was later completely rebuilt. In this regard, the Bayazid Mosque has a much greater historical and architectural significance, since the earthquake only partially destroyed its dome. Little is known about the architect who built the Bayezid Mosque. He built a caravanserai in Bursa. However, the style of the mosque shows the influence of early Ottoman and Western architectural techniques. The Bayazid Mosque was designed as a kullie - a large complex that included a madrasah, an elementary school, a public kitchen (imaret) and a hammam. Damaged in 1509, the dome was soon restored. Subsequently, the building of the mosque was renovated in 1573–1574 by the architect Mimar Sinan. The minarets burned separately in 1683 and 1764. The inscription above the entrance to the courtyard of the mosque also tells about the repair work in 1767.
Architecture
Appearance
A courtyard of approximately the same area adjoins the mosque building from the northwest. It is a peristyle with a colonnade. The twenty columns standing in the courtyard are composed of porphyry, ophicalcite and granite and have been found in Byzantine Orthodox churches and ancient ruins. The roof around the courtyard is crowned with 24 small domes. On each side, portals lead into the courtyard, the floor is made of multi-colored marble. The mosque itself has an area of approximately 40 × 40 m², the diameter of the dome is 17 m. The central dome is supported by semi-domes on four sides. The mosque is built entirely of hewn stone; the builders also made use of colored stones and marble recovered from nearby ruined Byzantine buildings.
Interior
The interior of the Bayezid Mosque is modeled after the Hagia Sophia, only on a smaller scale. In addition to the huge central dome, the east and west semi-domes form the central nave, while the north and south extend the side naves, each with four small domes and increasing the length of the mosque, and they are not divided into galleries. The room is illuminated by twenty windows at the base of the dome and seven windows in each semi-dome, in addition to three tiers of windows in the walls. In the western part of the mosque there is a wide long corridor, which protrudes significantly beyond its limits. Initially, in its place were four domed rooms in which wandering dervishes could take shelter. The outbuildings of the mosque were equipped…
Eminonu is, first of all, the area in which the ancient historical monuments of Istanbul are concentrated. The area stretches between the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus and is the beginning of the shopping area, whose streets climb the slopes to the Grand Bazaar. Eminonu North is a hub for all types of urban transport, as well as sea ferries, on which you can make an exciting voyage along the shores of the Bosphorus. In addition, the Sikerdzhi railway station is located here. Eminonu is also a well-developed tourist infrastructure with expensive hotels, where vacationers can enjoy views of the Bosphorus while dining on the terraces. Eminonu is Istanbul's most popular tourist area these days. Let's explore its best sights and visit the most interesting and picturesque places.
Walking around the Eminonu area in Istanbul
Eminonu. Bayezid Square
To feel the spirit and rhythm of the city, go to Bayezid Square. This is a large open square, on the site of which there was once a Byzantine market square - Forum Tauri. The ruins of this market square can be seen on Ordu Caddesi Street. On the square, you will also see the ritual gate to Istanbul University and the medrese of the Bayezid Mosque, now it is the Museum of Calligraphy. Bayazid Mosque was built in 1501-1506. It is very elegant and rightfully one of the most beautiful architectural masterpieces of the Ottomans. In the courtyard of the mosque, columns of red, gray and green marble create a resplendent visual effect.
The creator of the mosque, Yakub Shah, took as a basis the project of the interior of the St. Sophia Cathedral. You will see four massive pillars supporting the central dome, and on the sides there are two semi-domes. The richly decorated mimbar (pulpit with stairs), as well as the magnificent mihrab and balustrade, are all original architectural ideas of the 16th century. To the right of the mimbar is the Sultan's box, which rests on expensive marble columns. Behind the mosque there is a cemetery where you will see the turbe (mausoleum) of Bayezid II. This mosque is one of the oldest Ottoman mosques in Istanbul, which has been perfectly preserved to this day.
Additional Information
- Opening hours: daily from 8:00 to 17:00 hours
How to get to Bayazid Square and Mosque
- High-speed tram T1 (to the stop of the same name). The tram runs from 6:00 am to 12:00 pm. The fare is 4 liras.
Behind the mosque on a small street there is a book market - Sakhaflar Charshisy. This bazaar sells books from Ottoman times. Students from the university also buy textbooks here. On the streets adjacent to the square, there are many different cafes, where it is always very lively.
Unusual excursions in Istanbul
Also interesting
Hamam Chamberlitash in Eminonu
And now to the luxurious baths Hamam Chamberlitash, where you can experience the true pleasure of the Turkish traditional hammam. They were created in 1584 by the widow of Selim II Valide Sultan Nurbanu and have been constantly working since then. Just unbelieveble! The baths, designed by the architect Mimar Sinan, are a remarkable example of Ottoman civil architecture. The baths traditionally have a male and female section. Marble niches and bathtubs are placed around the central steam room. Sunlight streams in from the dome through the star-shaped windows.
For those who first appeared in the Turkish hammam, some recommendations. First, you will be taken to a patio (camekan) with wooden booths. This is where you leave your clothes. You will be given a cotton towel to wrap around your body and slippers. First, you will pass through a cool room (sogukluk) and enter a steam room (hararet). There, you will lie for 15 minutes on a heated marble pedestal - gobek tasi (belly stone). If you want to try the massage, then the attendant will rub your body with a rough mitten (kese), rumple and wash you with soap. Then you can lie in the steam room for as long as you can. Then you need to return to the camekan and get dressed. To truly experience what a Turkish haham is, we advise you to try the massage at least once, but you will need to pay extra for it.
Additional Information
- Opening hours: daily from 6.00 to 24.00
You need to have some change with you, as cloakroom attendants and masseurs love tips.
Eminonu. Rustem Pasha Mosque
You should definitely see another architectural delight of Mimar Sinan - the Rustem Pasha Mosque. It was built for the Grand Vizier Rustem Pasha, who was the son-in-law of Suleiman the Magnificent. Rustem Pasha did not see it completed, unfortunately. Shops were built under the terrace of the mosque, thanks to which the mosque was financed. The shops were located in a double covered gallery, the roof of which is supported by beautiful stone columns with exquisite carvings. If you look closely at the layout of the prayer hall, you will notice that it is an octagon inscribed in a rectangle. 
The main dome is surrounded by four semi-domes and rests on four massive octagonal columns and four pillars. Galleries are located on the northern and southern parts.
After the death of Rustem Pasha, his widow Mihrimah Sultan spared no expense to decorate the mosque. All surfaces of the mosque are covered with unique Iznik tiles, which are distinguished by very unusual geometric and floral patterns. The tiles were created in the palace's own workshops. Pay attention also to the shields under the dome of the mosque, decorated with elegant calligraphic script.
Rules of conduct when visiting a mosque
- Women are advised to cover their heads with a scarf and wear long sleeves. The skirt should cover the legs and fall below the knees. Pants must be loose-fitting.
- It is absolutely unacceptable for men to enter the mosque in a T-shirt and shorts.
- For children under 12 years old, an exception is made - shorts and T-shirts are allowed.
- It is customary to go to the mosque, taking off your shoes at the entrance, that is, barefoot. For shoes, you can take a plastic bag with you so that it is convenient to carry it with you.
- A visit to the mosque is carried out between prayers, so as not to disturb the believers.
- Praying people can be in the mosque at any time, so you should walk carefully and slowly inside. You can not pass in front of the praying people, it is better to go around them from behind. And also you can not talk loudly, or laugh.
- It is allowed to take photographs in mosques, provided that you do not disturb anyone or disturb the order.
- In Muslim countries, it is not customary to photograph women - it is punishable by a fine, as it is considered an insult. Men can be photographed only with their consent.
Additional Information
- Opening hours: from 9 am to sunset. During prayers, visiting the mosque by tourists is prohibited, and Muslims pray 5 times a day.
How to get to the Rustem Pasha Mosque
- High-speed tram T1 of the Kabatash-Baajilar line. The tram runs from 6:00 am to 12:00 pm. The fare is 4 liras.
Suleymaniye Mosque in Eminonu
Another masterpiece of the great architect
Istanbul, as befits the Second Rome, stands on seven hills. Six brothers lined up in a row over the Golden Horn, the seventh - unloved - sheltered at a distance by the Sea of Marmara. Although the urban terrain is now much flattened, the hills of the Second Rome are still regal: almost every one of them is topped by a large imperial mosque or Byzantine church. On the first hill, on the very cape of the peninsula, stands Hagia Sophia. Here, the tourist center of Istanbul is the Sultanahmet district with its Topkapi Palace and the Blue Mosque. Further to the west, the Grand Bazaar spread carpets, and around - the quarters of the Old City. In the heart of each of them is a beautiful mosque, which are beautiful in their own way. The slightly fantasy Blue Mosque, the austere Mehmed Fatih Mosque in its symmetry, the grandiose Suleymaniye, the cozy Laleli. In this chapter, the reader will find a real hajj through the historical mosques of Istanbul.
The exact number of mosques in Istanbul is unknown, the city is growing, and each quarter is supposed to have its own mosque. So now they call the number of more than two thousand Islamic temples. I have been to more than ten of them, the largest and most historically significant, which was something to read about in preparation for the trip. The seven imperial mosques are more of a stamp from other guidebooks than a well-established definition. But this is how they describe a kind of mandatory program for all those interested in the main attractions. Here they are: Sultan Mehmed Fatih the Conqueror Mosque, Bayezid Mosque, Selim Yavuz Mosque, Shehzade Mosque, Suleymaniye Mosque, Sultanahmet Blue Mosque and Laleli Mosque. All of them were built directly by order of the sultans, which unites them. On different days, along a complex broken curve of the route, I went around them all, went inside, photographed the surrounding view and admired the interior decoration. Some of them are always crowded with tourists, whose visit stops only during prayer, in some of them there is no one but a few worshipers.
Muslims do not have a complex ceremony of worship. The mosque is a place for collective prayer and preaching, so it is extremely simple. From the balconies on the pointed towers-minarets, the faithful are called to prayer. Now the muezzins have been replaced everywhere by electronic displays with the schedule of prayers at the doors of mosques and speakers, they are even on the minarets of the supposedly museum Hagia Sophia. The recording is turned on according to the schedule of discordant timers, and at intervals of a minute and a half during the loss adhan all Istanbul is filled with sounds calling to prayer. In front of the entrance to the mosque, there is usually a courtyard with a fountain for ablutions (mandatory before prayer). They pray facing Mecca, so the main place in the mosque is a niche mihrab, showing the direction to Mecca (in Istanbul it is the southeast). It is not customary to stand or sit with your back to the mihrab. To the side of the mihrab - the department - mimbar with which the Friday sermon is read. The mihrab and mimbar are usually the most visible and lavishly decorated parts of the mosque, not all mosques can be approached by non-Muslims, so idle tourists usually have to admire the height of the vaults.
Turkey is a secular state, but remains a Muslim country. The manifestation of any disrespect for Islam, criticism of its shrines and customs are completely inappropriate. Therefore, when visiting mosques, it is customary to cover your shoulders and knees (at the entrance to large mosques there are large scarves that frivolous tourists can wrap themselves in) and take off your shoes (there are shelves and large iron spoons for shoes). The wisest thing is to read these lines and put your own spoon in your backpack. It is because of the mosques that men's shoes with laces are unpopular in Turkey, but are popular with a pull-back heel. Naturally, you can’t make noise and interfere with those praying, although during prayer you will not be allowed into the mosque, but the gatekeeper will politely ask you to wait. It seems that there are mosques that are at the disposal of especially conservative Islamic communities, where tourists are not allowed at all, but I have not come across anything like this anywhere. And once, wishing to go into a Catholic church at the junction of Taksim Square and Istiklal Street, I encountered a very bad look from the doorkeeper at the door surrounded by a collection of various signs with prohibitions on filming, noise, etc. So I didn’t go in, realizing that tourists were not expected here. Mosques are democratic, any tourist can go there not during prayer time from morning until dark. There you can sit down and rest from the road, or even lie down on the carpet, leaning back on the column so that it is more convenient to examine the tiles under the arch. If a Turkish family comes, then small children, having thrown off their shoes, begin to enjoy the expanses covered with soft carpets and run screaming around the center of the Selim Yavuz mosque, as in the photo below. Their parents try to stop them, but the parishioners, with the childish forgiveness characteristic of the Turks, do not pay attention to pranks at all.
But I will start my journey not with the majestic temples listed above, but with a small mosque against their background, but extremely important for the Ottoman statehood. The Eyup Sultan Mosque (Eyüp Sultan Camii) was almost the first built by the Turks after the capture of Constantinople, in 1558, but it, like another ancient mosque - Fatih, was destroyed by an earthquake in 1766. The current - rather beautiful - building was built at the end of the 18th century. The interior is especially good: most of it is not plastered, the masonry of a beautiful warm tone is visible, and in general, the mosque itself is designed in emphatically light colors and is very elegant inside, unlike the somewhat heavy interior decoration of the giants on the hills. Sorry for some blurry inside photo.
The mosque itself is located at the very end of the Golden Horn, behind the Halich bridge, in the Eyüp quarter, quiet and measured, and only the bustle of Turkish pilgrims disturbs its peace. Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, whom the Turks call Eyup Sultan, was one of the first Muslims, the closest friend, companion and personal standard-bearer of the Prophet Muhammad. Eyup died during the Arab siege of Constantinople in the 7th century, and his grave was miraculously discovered by a dervish shortly after the Turkish conquest. The Eyüp Tomb and the Eyüp Sultan Mosque built next to it are the fourth most important Islamic shrine after Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem (and the only one, as far as I can tell, that a curious traveler can see up close if he is not a Muslim).
It is always crowded around it, each of the pilgrims tries to come close to the glass of the "prayer window", taken away by a lattice with Arabic script: it is believed that the prayers said here are necessarily fulfilled. Inside is a sarcophagus surrounded by a lattice of pure silver - a gift from the sultan-poet Selim III. Here, at the tomb, the most important state ceremonies took place. The new sultan was girded here with the sword of Osman, the founder of the Ottoman dynasty. After this analogue of the European coronation, the new monarch of the Sublime Porte became the legitimate heir of Osman and at the same time the successor of the prophet Muhammad. And the huge plane tree near the mosque has seen, apparently, many sultans in its lifetime.
Thousands of pilgrims flocked here, abundant donations were used to decorate shrines, the faithful tried to settle closer to the holy place. Along the coast and on the slopes of the surrounding hills, wooden mansions and dervish cloisters rose, many shops with food appeared, and on the streets next to the pier there was a noisy market from which one could take some soul-saving souvenir as a souvenir. The market is open even now, only moved deeper into the quarter. Pious people tried to acquire a family place in the Eyup cemetery, which stretches in separate terraces from the mosque to the Golden Horn. There are many graves and entire mausoleums, but I must admit that I never thought that it was possible to organize a cafe at the end of the path between the graves. In Turkey, apparently, everything is easier with this.
And now, after the historically first and most sacredly significant mosque, let's go to the seven imperial sisters in the chronological order of their construction. And the first in line will be the mosque of Mehmed the Conqueror, the conqueror of Constantinople. Each newly enthroned sultan, after being girded with a sword in the Eyup mosque, would certainly come to bow to the ashes of the Conqueror in order to inherit his courage and military success. The Mehmed Fatih Mosque (Fatih Sultan Mehmet Camii), built in 1463-1470, collapsed during the already familiar earthquake on May 22, 1766 and was rebuilt in 1766-71 by Sultan Mustafa III (rhythmically the shrines collapsed, yes).
The Mehmed Fatih Mosque is difficult to photograph from a distance; residential buildings, mausoleums and unchanging graves huddle close to it. You should know that the purpose of the construction of all major mosques has never been only the construction of the building itself for prayers. A whole complex of related structures was erected: a madrasah (religious school), a hospital, a hospice, an elementary school, a caravanserai for travelers, a hammam (bath) and even market rows with a kitchen for cooking for all these establishments. All this was embodied in this and other mosques, partially preserved, partially not. By the way, in front of the main entrance to the Fatih Mosque there is a book market with an abundance of pop-historical books on the history of Turkey mixed with religious literature.
According to legend, the Mehmed Fatih Mosque was built by a Christian Greek named Atik Sinan, which means Sinan the Freedman. For the sake of the first imperial mosque, the already very dilapidated by that time, but still grandiose Byzantine Church of the Holy Apostles was demolished - the second most important temple of Byzantium after Hagia Sophia, dozens of Eastern Roman and Byzantine emperors were buried in it. According to the same legend, Mehmed was upset and angry - the dome of the mosque named after him was lower and smaller than the dome of Sofia. And the Conqueror ordered that the hand of the architect be cut off for lack of grandeur. After the execution, Sinan took and ... complained about the Sultan to the city judge-kadia, who, having considered the issue, ruled that the Sultan was ... wrong and the architect had the right ... to cut off the hand of the Sultan in response. Mehmed, having heard the verdict, summoned Sinan as if nothing had happened and ... said that he obeyed the decision of the judge - on, chop. Killed to death by the power of Muslim legal consciousness, the Greek forgave the Sultan and converted to Islam, and the Sultan, in turn, gave the architect a whole street of the city as a possession. Subsequently, until his death, Sinan built hundreds of buildings and mosques in the Ottoman Empire.
Inside the mosque, before the reconstruction, it was a dome resting on four arches with a diameter of 26 meters. After the reconstruction of the 18th century, the project was reworked according to the canons of Hagia Sophia, with a dome of the same diameter resting on four semi-domes on each side, supported by powerful columns. That is, redesigned in accordance with bitter tectonic experience as a more stable structure. The result is an imposing building, whose rather contrasting finish with red, gold and green colors is reminiscent of the original decorations inside the mosques from the heyday of the empire in the 16th-17th centuries: later the tradition changed and the mosques became more white and blue inside.
Inside the mosque, the preacher's pulpit (mimbar) made of multi-colored marble, preserved from the original mosque, is very beautiful.
It is not strange, but in the tomb- turbe Mehmed Fatih is allowed to enter everyone, moreover, no one sits at the entrance of one of the city's main shrines. Even after the abolition of the sultanate, the tombs of the sultans remained objects of real religious pilgrimage, and Atatürk, who was trying to eradicate this cult harmful to the republic, had to close all the mausoleums. Subsequently, they were again opened to visitors and worshipers. Namely, there to pray in the same way as in the mosque.
Inside, the tomb is richly decorated with Izmit tiles, the Ottoman coat of arms and sayings in Arabic. The marble sarcophagus itself is crowned with the obligatory turban.
The next point of the route is the Baezid Mosque of Sultan Bayazid II, built in 1501-1506 near the ruins of the Theodosius Forum, a little away from Mesa, the axial street of the Old City. On this stretch, the street is called Yeniçeriler Caddesi, Janissary Street, because of the Çınaraltı Cafe, which used to be a coffee house, where Janissaries gathered - their barracks were nearby. Alas, but here I was disappointed - the mosque is closed for repairs, only on one side of the complex is a madrasah open, where bearded Turks scurry back and forth.
It remains to be written that the dome of the mosque is 17 meters in diameter, and since the Fatih Mosque has not been preserved in its original construction, the Bayezid Mosque is the oldest of the existing large imperial mosques in Istanbul. It is a bit strange that in Western sources it is reported that the architect's name was Yakub and practically nothing is known about him. Soviet literature on the history of Turkish architecture confidently calls a completely different name - Kemal-ed-din, as an architect. The interior inside partly repeats the same Sophia in a smaller size, the main dome rests on the side aisles, separated by columns and carrying four small domes each, as can be seen in the outside photo. Alas, alas, here is not my photo attached, but taken from Wikia.
In addition, the architect Kemal-ed-din, introducing into the layout of the Bayazid mosque wings covered with domes, connected by arcades with the central part, developed an earlier constructive technique. Having added a vast square courtyard surrounded by a domed colonnade - harim or avlu- in front of the mosque, with a fountain for religious ablutions, he not only introduced another new element to the overall solution, but also accomplished the task of creating a cult complex. Repeated many times afterwards, this element was not accidental, but had a deep meaning. Light colonnades of the courtyard, thin and slender minarets, playing a subordinate role, emphasized the large, undivided forms of the middle part of the complex. Subsequently, this became the canon for Ottoman architecture. Let's proceed to the first example of the canon - the mosque of Sultan Selim.
It is best to approach the mosque not from the side of the Golden Horn, but along the street named after Sultan Selim Yavuz. In front of the mosque there is a huge pit left from Aspar, the largest reservoir in Constantinople, dug on the slope of the fifth hill of the city. This is just a godsend for photographers, from other sides it is unlikely that you will be able to shoot the mosque at a close distance. Now there is a sports ground in the foundation pit, but the southern wall of the cistern is still preserved.
Sultan Selim I Yavuz ("Terrible") had no time to build mosques for himself, he was engaged in the conquest of lands in the East during his entire reign, therefore the Sultan Selim Camii mosque was built in his memory in 1520-1528 by his heir, Suleiman the Magnificent. Little is known about the architect, only his name Aladdin is given and that he was from the Persian Tabriz, the city that the late Sultan conquered. The architect built a rather modest mosque, there is also a courtyard with a portico with columns made of different materials flanked by two minarets.
Inside, the architect clearly took a risk and departed from the scheme of Hagia Sophia, forcing the impressive and noticeably flattened dome with a diameter of about 24.5 meters to rest only on the walls and buttresses visible in the general photograph. However, the temple is still standing and has not suffered from earthquakes. Inside, it is decorated without any frills, but multi-colored windows with glass cut through the thick, almost two-meter walls are very beautiful. This is the quietest and least crowded of the imperial mosques in Istanbul, tourists rarely go there, and there are also few local parishioners outside of prayer time.
It is alleged that the tomb of the Sultan was built not by the architect of the mosque, but by Mimar Sinan himself or the Architect Sinan, a contemporary of Michelangelo and Ivan the Terrible, the greatest architect in the history of the Ottoman Empire, who made an excellent career as a military engineer under Suleiman the Magnificent, and then became the main architect of the state. The next two imperial mosques came out from under his cutter, and the first of them was the Shehzade Mosque (Şehzade Camii) at the intersection of Shehzadebashi and Ataturk Boulevard. It was built in 1543 \u003d 1548 by Suleiman the Magnificent in memory of the Sultan's beloved son, shehzade (prince) Mehmed, who died early, at the age of 22. But more about it and other mosques - already tomorrow, because the size of the post also has its limitations :)
Baezid Mosque (Beyazit; tour. Bayezid Camii, Beyazıt Camii) - one of the great mosques in Istanbul, has two minarets. Located in the old part of the city on Beyazit Square. Adjacent to the mosque are the gates of the Grand Bazaar and the main gate of Istanbul University.
The mosque was built by order of Sultan Bayezid II in -1506. Dome diameter - 17 meters. The minarets are decorated with brick ornaments. Baths and madrassas have been preserved at the mosque.
Story
The mosque was built by order of Sultan Bayezid II in -1506 and became the second major mosque to appear in Constantinople after its conquest in 1453. The first was the Fatih Mosque (1470), but it was badly damaged during the earthquake of 1509 and was later completely rebuilt. In this regard, the Bayezid Mosque has a much greater historical and architectural significance, since the earthquake only partially destroyed its dome.
Little is known about the architect who built the Bayezid Mosque. He built a caravanserai in Bursa. However, the style of the mosque shows the influence of early Ottoman and Western architectural techniques. The Bayazid Mosque was designed as a cullie ( in English. listen)) is a large complex that contained a madrasah, an elementary school, a public kitchen (imaret) and a hammam.
Damaged in 1509, the dome was soon restored. The building of the mosque was further renovated in 1573–1574 by the architect Mimar Sinan. The minarets burned separately in 1683 and 1764. The inscription above the entrance to the courtyard of the mosque also tells about the repair work in 1767.
Architecture
Appearance
A courtyard of approximately the same area adjoins the mosque building from the northwest. It is a peristyle with a colonnade. The twenty columns standing in the courtyard are composed of porphyry, ophicalcite and granite, and have been found in Byzantine Orthodox churches and ancient ruins. The roof around the courtyard is crowned with 24 small domes. On each side, portals lead into the courtyard, the floor is made of multi-colored marble.
The mosque itself has an area of approximately 40 × 40 m², the diameter of the dome is 17 m. The central dome is supported by semi-domes on four sides. The mosque is built entirely of hewn stone; the builders also made use of colored stones and marble recovered from nearby ruined Byzantine buildings.
Interior
The interior of the Bayezid Mosque is modeled after the Hagia Sophia, only on a smaller scale. In addition to the huge central dome, the east and west semi-domes form the central nave, while the north and south extend the side naves, each of which has four small domes and increases the length of the mosque, and they are not divided into galleries. The room is illuminated by twenty windows at the base of the dome and seven windows in each semi-dome, in addition to three tiers of windows in the walls.
In the western part of the mosque there is a wide long corridor, which protrudes significantly beyond its limits. Initially, in its place there were four domed rooms in which wandering dervishes could take shelter. The outbuildings of the mosque were equipped as chapels in the 16th century and now consist of three rooms with an arched passage. At the end of the wings there are two minarets.
nearby area
Behind the mosque there is a small garden containing the turbe (crypts) of Sultan Bayezid II, his daughter Selçuk Sultan and Grand Vizier Mustafa Reşid Pasha. The arcade, below the level of the garden, was built by Mimar Sinan in 1580 and expanded in the 1960s. From the very moment of construction, shops were located here, whose income was supposed to go to the maintenance of the mosque. It is still a trading place. The former public dining room was turned into the State Library "Beyazit" under Sultan Abdul-Hamid II in 1882, now it holds more than 120 thousand books and 7 thousand manuscripts. The former building of the madrasah now houses the Istanbul City Library.
Gallery
Bayezid Camii Dome.JPG
central dome
Interior of Bayezid II Mosque.JPG
right nave
Mosque interior
Calligraphy Above Bayezid II Mosque Door.JPG
Calligraphic inscription above the entrance
İstanbul 5493.jpg
Courtyard
see also
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Notes
Sources
- Freely John Blue Guide Istanbul. - W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. - ISBN 0-393-32014-6. (English)
- Ochsenwald William The Middle East: A History. - McGraw-Hill Humanities, 2003. - ISBN 0-07-244233-6. (English)
Links
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An excerpt characterizing Bayezid (mosque)
In Bald Mountains, the estate of Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, every day they expected the arrival of young Prince Andrei with the princess; but the expectation did not disturb the orderly order in which life went on in the old prince's house. General anshef Prince Nikolai Andreevich, nicknamed in society le roi de Prusse, [King of Prussia,] since the time when Paul was exiled to the village, he lived without a break in his Bald Mountains with his daughter, Princess Marya, and with her companion, m lle Bourienne. [Mademoiselle Bourrienne.] And in the new reign, although he was allowed to enter the capitals, he also continued to live in the countryside without a break, saying that if anyone needs him, then he will reach a hundred and fifty miles from Moscow to the Bald Mountains, and that he nobody and nothing is needed. He said that there are only two sources of human vices: idleness and superstition, and that there are only two virtues: activity and intelligence. He himself was engaged in the education of his daughter and, in order to develop in her both main virtues, until the age of twenty he gave her lessons in algebra and geometry and distributed her whole life in uninterrupted studies. He himself was constantly busy either writing his memoirs, or calculations from higher mathematics, or turning snuff boxes on a machine tool, or working in the garden and observing the buildings that did not stop on his estate. Since the main condition for activity is order, order in his way of life was brought to the highest degree of accuracy. His exits to the table were made under the same constant conditions, and not only at the same hour, but also at the minute. With the people around him, from his daughter to his servants, the prince was harsh and invariably demanding, and therefore, without being cruel, he aroused fear and respect for himself, which the most cruel person could not easily achieve. Despite the fact that he was retired and now had no importance in state affairs, each head of the province where the prince's estate was, considered it his duty to appear to him and, just like an architect, gardener or Princess Mary, waited for the appointed hours of the prince's exit in the high waiter's room. And everyone in this waiter's room experienced the same feeling of respect and even fear, while the enormously high door of the study was opened and the low figure of an old man, with small dry hands and gray drooping eyebrows, sometimes, as he frowning, obscured the brilliance of intelligent and like young shining eyes.
On the day of the arrival of the young, in the morning, as usual, Princess Mary at the appointed hour entered the waiter's room for a morning greeting and crossed herself with fear and recited a prayer inwardly. Every day she came in and every day she prayed that this daily meeting would go well.
The powdered old servant who was sitting in the waiter's room stood up with a quiet movement and announced in a whisper: "You're welcome."
From behind the door came the steady sounds of the machine. The princess timidly pulled at the lightly and smoothly opening door and stopped at the entrance. The prince worked at the machine and, looking around, continued his work.
The huge office was filled with things, obviously, incessantly used. A large table on which lay books and plans, high glass cabinets of the library with keys in the doors, a high table for writing in a standing position, on which lay an open notebook, a lathe, with tools laid out and shavings scattered all around - everything showed a constant, varied and orderly activities. From the movements of a small foot, shod in a Tatar, embroidered with silver, boot, from the firm overlay of a sinewy, lean hand, the prince was still stubborn and enduring strength of fresh old age. Having made several circles, he took his foot off the pedal of the machine, wiped the chisel, threw it into a leather pocket attached to the machine, and, going up to the table, called his daughter. He never blessed his children, and only, offering her a bristly, still unshaven cheek today, said, sternly and at the same time attentively tenderly examining her:
- Healthy? ... well, sit down!
He took a geometry notebook, written in his own hand, and moved his chair with his foot.
- For tomorrow! he said, quickly finding a page and marking from paragraph to next with a hard fingernail.
The princess bent down to the table over the notebook.
“Wait, the letter is for you,” the old man suddenly said, taking out an envelope, inscribed with a woman’s hand, from a pocket attached above the table, and throwing it on the table.
The princess's face was covered with red spots at the sight of the letter. She took it hastily and leaned close to him.
From Eloise? asked the prince, showing his still strong and yellowish teeth with a cold smile.
“Yes, from Julie,” said the princess, looking timidly and smiling timidly.
“I’ll skip two more letters, and read the third one,” the prince said sternly, “I’m afraid you write a lot of nonsense. Read the third.
- Read at least this, mon pere, [father,] - answered the princess, blushing even more and handing him a letter.
“Third, I said, third,” the prince shouted shortly, pushing away the letter, and, leaning on the table, pushed the notebook with geometry drawings.
“Well, madam,” the old man began, bending close to his daughter over the notebook and placing one hand on the back of the chair on which the princess was sitting, so that the princess felt herself surrounded on all sides by that tobacco and senilely pungent smell of her father, which she had known for so long . “Well, madame, these triangles are similar; if you please, the angle abc...
The princess looked in fright at her father's shining eyes close to her; red spots shimmered over her face, and it was evident that she did not understand anything and was so afraid that fear would prevent her from understanding all further interpretations of her father, no matter how clear they were. Whether the teacher was to blame or the student was to blame, but every day the same thing was repeated: the princess's eyes were cloudy, she did not see, did not hear anything, she only felt the dry face of her strict father near her, felt his breath and smell, and only thought about how she could leave the office as soon as possible and understand the task in her own space.
The old man lost his temper: with a roar he pushed back and forth the chair on which he himself was sitting, made efforts to control himself so as not to get excited, and almost every time he got excited, scolded, and sometimes threw the notebook.
The princess made a mistake.
- Well, what a fool! the prince shouted, pushing the notebook away and quickly turning away, but he immediately got up, walked around, touched the princess's hair with his hands and sat down again.
The Sultan Mosque of Bayazid (Baezida) is the oldest in Istanbul. It is located in Bursa. It was built in the early 1500s at the direction of Sultan Bayezid II, who was the heir to the conqueror of the city of Constantinople. The building impresses with its size and beauty, original architecture.
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The mosque is located on the square of the same name. The religious ensemble includes all the traditional components, including a hammam and a hospital.
The architectural style is early Ottoman, turning into classical. The courtyard is decorated with marble, inside the courtyard there is a fountain. This is a slightly gloomy place that exudes an atmosphere of mystery. The main dome, supported by two additional ones, has a diameter of almost 17 meters. Interestingly, the distance between the minarets is 100 meters. Porphyry, granite and marble were used as building materials. Once a mosque was intended for merchants, dervishes, pilgrims.
If you are interested in the history of Constantinople, stop by. There are a lot in Istanbul, and each building is different and unique. And the famous Turkish ones amaze with luxury and elegance.
There is a library in the caravanserai and the minaret. The madrasah houses the local museum of calligraphy. The architectural ensemble is complemented by several centuries-old cypress trees, comfortably located in the garden near the mosque.
From the south there are several graves, including the tomb of Bayezid II. The mosque today houses a museum of medicine. One of the diverse and amazing museums:, etc.
It is better to see once than hear a hundred times - that is why we suggest you take a look at the photos of the mosque. 
The square can be reached by tram number T1 to the stop of the same name. From the eastern part of Istanbul, it is better to take a ferry with a transfer to a tram at
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