How many things could Caesar do at the same time. Gaius Julius Caesar - great politician and commander

On a couple:
Teacher: - Alexander, how can you write and listen to music at the same time?
Alexander: -By the way, it has long been proven that music stimulates brain activity and helps to assimilate material.
Teacher: - Yes, I also saw a program in which they said that thanks to music, the cows on the farm had excellent milk yields ...

XX: need to organize at home

XX: what is half duplex communication?
YY: This is a sequential mode - when one speaks, the second must listen. They cannot listen/talk to each other at the same time.
XX: need to organize at home

Where did proverbs come from?
Never wondered where some of the expressions that have already become
sayings? People hear a catchy expression somewhere, remember it,
use themselves ... And off we go. Now sayings are born in
mainly from the replicas of the heroes of popular films and statements
politicians. In the past, the situation was about the same, except for the fact that
There was no TV or movies. Many sayings came to us from ancient Rome,
where oratory was at its best - respectively, and linguistic
many pearls were born. However, over time, many sayings
lost some of the words, as a result of which their meaning has changed somewhat.
A textbook example: not everyone knows that the Roman proverb "In
healthy body - a healthy mind "was completely sounded like this:" In a healthy body -
a healthy mind is a rare success." :)
Below we will talk about the famous saying that "Caesar can do
three things at once". Recently I found out where this phrase came from. After all, it seemed
would, scientists proved that a person, due to the peculiarities of the structure of the brain,
can only engage in one type of intellectual property at a time
activities: i.e., say, writing and speaking at the same time
impossible. Neither one nor the other will really work. And then Caesar, on you,
three things at once can ... How? Genius?
... In ancient Rome, gladiator fights were not just entertainment, they
carried an important religious message. In fact, these were
sacrifices to the gods. Therefore, those who did not go to fights were looked at
rather askance - something like in Russia they look askance at those who do not drink vodka
drinks :) Gaius Julius Caesar was just one of those whom gladiator fights did not
interested. Probably because he couldn't stand the sight of blood, more like
because after all the wars he conducted, gladiator fights looked
just like backyard football after the World Cup. However, as
"life consul" he was forced to attend the battles. Populism in
those years were much cooler than now :) In order not to waste time, Caesar in
his box was engaged in work with correspondence. (At that time the head
states received as many paper letters as we all now
comes electronic, but there was no spam then :)) So, when
one of the close people reproached Caesar - how can he at the same time
watch fights, and write letters? - Gaius Julius invariably answered, not tearing
eye from the letter that "Caesar can do not only two, but even three
things at the same time - and watch fights, and write letters, and talk."
This is how the EXCUSE eventually became a SAYING.

(Information taken from the book "Life of 12 Caesars" by the ancient author Gaius
Suetonius Tranquill).

Gaius Julius Caesar - greatest commander and statesman of all times and peoples, whose name has become a household name. Caesar was born on July 12, 102 BC. As a representative of the old patrician family of Julius, Caesar plunged into politics as a young man, becoming one of the leaders of the popular party, which, however, contradicted family tradition, since the members of the family of the future emperor belonged to the optimates party, which represented the interests of the old Roman aristocracy in the Senate. In ancient Rome, as well as in modern world, politics were closely intertwined with family relationships: Caesar's aunt, Julia, was the wife of Gaius Maria, who in turn was the then ruler of Rome, and Caesar's first wife, Cornelia, is the daughter of Cinna, the successor of the same Maria.

The development of Caesar's personality was influenced by the early death of his father, who died when the young man was only 15 years old. Therefore, the upbringing and education of a teenager fell entirely on the shoulders of the mother. And the famous Roman teacher Mark Antony Gnifon, the author of the book “On the Latin Language”, was the home mentor of the future great ruler and commander. Gnifon taught Guy to read and write, and also instilled a love for oratory, instilled in the young man respect for the interlocutor - a quality necessary for any politician. The lessons of the teacher, a real professional of his time, enabled Caesar to truly develop his personality: to read the ancient Greek epic, the works of many philosophers, to get acquainted with the history of the victories of Alexander the Great, to master the techniques and tricks of oratory - in a word, to become an extremely developed and versatile person.

The surrender of the Gallic leader Versirengetorix to Caesar. (Painting by Lionel Royer. 1899)

However, the young Caesar showed particular interest in the art of eloquence. Before Caesar, there was an example of Cicero, who made his career largely thanks to his excellent command of oratory - his amazing ability to convince listeners that he was right. In 87 BC, a year after the death of his father, in the year of his sixteenth birthday, Caesar dressed in a one-color toga (toga virilis), which symbolized his maturity.
The matured Caesar began his career by becoming a priest of Jupiter, the supreme god of Rome, and asked for the hand of Cornelia. The consent of the girl allowed the young politician to receive the support you need in power, which will become one of starting points that predetermined his great future.

However, the political career of the young Caesar was not destined to take off too quickly - Sulla seized power in Rome (82 BC). He ordered Guy to divorce his young wife, but, having heard a categorical refusal, deprived him of the title of priest and all his property. Only the patronizing position of Caesar's relatives, who were in the immediate environment of Sulla, saved his life.

However, this sharp turn in fate did not break Caesar, but only contributed to the formation of his personality. Deprived of priestly privileges in 81 BC, Caesar begins a military career, going to the East to take part in his first military campaign under the command of Minucius (Mark) Therma, the purpose of which was to suppress pockets of resistance to power in the Roman province of Asia (Malaya Asia, Pergamon). During the campaign, the first military glory came to Caesar. In 78 BC, during the storming of the city of Mytilene (the island of Lesvos), he was awarded the “oak wreath” sign for saving the life of a Roman citizen.

However, Caesar decided not to devote himself exclusively to military affairs. He continued his political career, returning to Rome after the death of Sulla. Caesar spoke at the trials. The speech of the young speaker was so captivating and temperamental that crowds of people from the street gathered to listen to him. So Caesar multiplied his supporters. Although Caesar did not win a single judicial victory, his speech was recorded, and the phrases diverged into quotations. Caesar was truly passionate about oratory and constantly improved. To develop his oratorical talents, he went to Fr. Rhodes to learn the art of eloquence from the famous rhetorician Apollonius Molon.

In politics, Gaius Julius Caesar remained loyal to the party of the populares, a party whose loyalty had already brought him certain political successes. But after in 67-66 years. BC. the Senate and consuls Manilius and Gabinius endowed Pompey with enormous powers, Caesar in his public speeches began to increasingly speak out for democracy. In particular, Caesar proposed to revive the forgotten procedure for conducting a trial by the people's assembly. In addition to democratic initiatives, Caesar was a model of generosity. Having become an aedile (an official who oversaw the state of the city infrastructure), he did not skimp on decorating the city and organizing mass events - games and spectacles, which won him immense popularity among the common people, for which he was also elected a great pontiff. In a word, Caesar sought to strengthen his popularity among citizens in every possible way, playing an increasing role in the life of the state.

62-60 BC can be called a turning point in the biography of Caesar. During these years, he served as governor in the province of Farther Spain, where for the first time he truly revealed his outstanding managerial and military talent. Service in Farther Spain allowed him to get rich and pay off debts that did not allow him to breathe deeply for a long time.

In 60 B.C. Caesar returns in triumph to Rome, where a year later he is elected to the post of senior consul of the Roman Republic. In this regard, the so-called triumvirate is formed on the Roman political Olympus. Caesar's consulate suited both Caesar himself and Pompey - both claimed a leading role in the state. Supporters of Pompey, who disbanded his army, which triumphantly suppressed the Spanish uprising of Sertorius, were not enough, a kind of composition of forces was needed. Therefore, the union of Pompey, Caesar and Crassus (the winner of Spartacus) was most welcome. In short, the triumvirate was a kind of union of mutually beneficial cooperation of money and political influence.

The beginning of Caesar's military career was his Gallic proconsulship, when Caesar received a large military force that allowed him to launch his invasion of Transalpine Gaul in 58 BC. After victories over the Celts and Germans in 58-57. BC. Caesar proceeds to conquer the Gallic tribes. Already in 56 BC. e. the vast territory between the Alps, the Pyrenees and the Rhine came under the rule of Rome.
Caesar rapidly developed success: he crossed the Rhine and inflicted a number of defeats on the Germanic tribes. The next dizzying success of Caesar was two campaigns in Britain and its complete subjugation to Rome.

Caesar did not forget about politics. While Caesar and his political companions - Crassus and Pompey - were on the verge of a break. Their meeting took place in the city of Luca, where they reaffirmed the validity of the agreements adopted, distributing the provinces: Pompey got control of Spain and Africa, Crassus - Syria. The powers of Caesar in Gaul were extended for the next 5 years.

However, the situation in Gaul left much to be desired. Neither thanksgiving prayers, nor the festivities organized in honor of Caesar's victories could tame the spirit of the freedom-loving Gauls, who did not abandon their attempts to get rid of Roman rule.

In order to prevent an uprising in Gaul, Caesar decided to pursue a policy of mercy, the basic principles of which formed the basis of all his future policies. Avoiding excessive bloodshed, he forgave the repentant, believing that the living Gauls, who owed him their lives, were more necessary than the dead.

But even this did not help prevent the impending storm, and 52 BC. e. was marked by the beginning of the Gallic uprising under the leadership of the young leader Vircingetorix. Caesar's position was very difficult. The number of his army did not exceed 60 thousand people, while the number of rebels reached 250300 thousand people. After a series of defeats, the Gauls switched to the tactics of guerrilla warfare. Caesar's conquests were in jeopardy. However, in 51 B.C. e. in the battle of Alesia, the Romans, though not without difficulty, defeated the rebels. Vircingetorix himself was captured and the uprising began to subside.

In 53 BC. e. a fateful event for the Roman state occurred: Crassus died in the Parthian campaign. From that moment on, the fate of the triumvirate was predetermined. Pompey did not want to comply with previous agreements with Caesar and began to pursue an independent policy. The Roman Republic was on the verge of collapse. The dispute between Caesar and Pompey for power began to take on the character of an armed confrontation.

At the same time, the law was not on the side of Caesar - he was obliged to obey the Senate and renounce his power claims. However, Caesar decides to fight. "The die is cast" - said Caesar and invaded Italy, having only one legion at his disposal. Caesar advanced in the direction of Rome, while the hitherto invincible Pompey the Great and the Senate surrendered city after city. Roman garrisons, originally loyal to Pompey, joined Caesar's army.

Caesar entered Rome on April 1, 49 BC. e. Caesar carried out a number of democratic reforms: a number of punitive laws of Sulla and Pompey were canceled. An important innovation of Caesar was the empowerment of the inhabitants of the provinces with the rights of citizens of Rome.

The confrontation between Caesar and Pompey continued in Greece, where Pompey fled after the capture of Rome by Caesar. The first battle with the army of Pompey at Dyrrhachia was unsuccessful for Caesar. His troops fled in disgrace, and Caesar himself almost died at the hands of his own standard-bearer.

Cleopatra and Caesar. Painting by the painter Jean-Léon Gérôme (1866)

The next battle of Pharsalus, which took place on August 9, 48 BC. e., became much more successful for Caesar, ending with the complete defeat of Pompey, as a result of which he was forced to flee to Egypt. Caesar began to subjugate Greece and Asia Minor. Now Caesar's road lay in Egypt. However, Pompey no longer posed any threat to Caesar - he was killed by the Egyptians, who felt in which direction the wind of political change was blowing in the world.

The Senate also felt global changes, which completely went over to the side of Caesar, declaring him an indefinite dictator. But, instead of taking advantage of the favorable political situation in Rome, Caesar delved into the solution of Egyptian affairs, carried away by the Egyptian beauty Cleopatra. Caesar's active position on domestic political issues resulted in an uprising against the Romans, one of the central episodes of which was the burning of the famous Library of Alexandria. However, Caesar did not leave his interventionist intentions, and Cleopatra ascended the throne, and Egypt came under Roman protection. This was followed by nine months, during which Caesar, smitten by the beauty of Cleopatra, leaving all state and military concerns, stayed in Alexandria.

However, Caesar's carefree life soon ended. A new turmoil was brewing in Rome and on the outskirts of the empire. The Parthian ruler Farnak threatened the possessions of Rome in Asia Minor. The situation in Italy also escalated - even the previously betrayed veterans of Caesar began to rebel. The army of Pharnaces August 2, 47 BC. e. was defeated by the army of Caesar, who informed the Romans of such a quick victory with a short message: “I have come. Had seen. Won."

And in September 47 BC. e. Caesar returned to Rome, his mere presence was enough to stop the unrest. Returning to Rome, Caesar celebrated a magnificent triumph, dedicated to the victory in four operations at once: Gallic, Farnak, Egyptian and Numidian. Caesar's generosity was unprecedented: 22,000 tables were laid in Rome with refreshments for citizens, and the games, in which even war elephants participated, surpassed in entertainment all the mass events ever hosted by the Roman rulers.

Vasily Surikov. Assassination of Julius Caesar. Around 1875

Caesar becomes dictator for life, he is given the title "emperor". The month of his birth, July, is named after him. Temples are erected in his honor, his statues are placed among the statues of the gods. The oath form "in the name of Caesar" becomes obligatory during court hearings.

Using great power and authority, Caesar develops a new code of laws ("Lex Iulia de vi et de majestate"), reforms the calendar (appears Julian calendar). Caesar plans to build a new theater in Rome, a temple of Mars, and several libraries. In addition, preparations began for campaigns against the Parthians and Dacians. However, these grandiose plans of Caesar were not destined to come true.

Even the policy of mercy, steadily pursued by Caesar, could not prevent the emergence of those dissatisfied with his power. So, despite the fact that the former supporters of Pompey were forgiven, for Caesar this act of mercy ended badly.

Rumors spread among the Romans about Caesar's desire for further absolutization of power and the transfer of the capital to Asia Minor. Many of those who considered themselves undeservedly deprived in the distribution of ranks and ranks, as well as citizens sincerely concerned about the fate of the Roman Republic, formed a conspiracy, the number of participants in which reached about 60 people. So Caesar suddenly found himself in political isolation.

On March 15, 44 BC, two days before the date of his march to the East, at a meeting of the Senate, Caesar was killed by conspirators led by former supporters of Pompey. The plans of the killers were realized in front of numerous senators - a crowd of conspirators attacked Caesar with daggers. According to legend, noticing among the killers his faithful supporter of the young Brutus, Caesar doomedly exclaimed: “And you, my child!” (or: "And you, Brutus") and fell at the feet of the statue of his sworn enemy Pompey.

Literature:
Grant M. Julius Caesar. Priest of Jupiter. - M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2005.
Plutarch. Comparative biographies. Julius Caesar. M., 1964. T. 3.
Utchenko S. L. Julius Caesar. M., 1984.
Freeman Philip Julius Caesar. - St. Petersburg: AST, Astrel, 2010

I asked myself this question while studying the latest newfangled planning techniques.

Time management gurus argue passionately on this issue - some argue that multitasking is a way to get more done, others object that it is impossible to do several things at once with high quality.

Whom to believe more?

My conclusion from own experience such - it all depends on each individual person, his character and temperament. For example, women are more multitasking - driving a car, painting lips and talking on the phone - this is our purely "girly" feature.

If you can quickly and without losses perform several important tasks at once - this is a cool skill, you can and should use it!

For example, I belong to that very breed of Julio Caesars, who are simply bored with doing one thing. But at the same time, it is sometimes very difficult for me to focus on an important task in order to bring it to the end. This is a serious shortcoming, which you have to work on already in manual mode.

So, multitasking is a cool thing, if you follow a few simple rules:

1. Try to combine activities from different areas - for example, physical and mental activity - listening to audiobooks during your morning run, washing dishes and thinking through plans for the day, talking on the phone and dusting. This is purely female advice, based on the ability to use two hemispheres of the brain at once. And it helps a lot in the daily routine.
2. One of the tasks performed must necessarily be a skill brought to automatism. That is, when performing it, you should not think at all WHAT and HOW you are doing - the hands themselves perform the necessary manipulations. Then you can safely add one more thing.
3. Use "helpers". For example, cooking dinner and negotiating with a client via Skype at the same time is my daily practice. Thanks to such a miracle device as a multicooker.
4. One of the things you do is always a priority. That is, if you notice that you are worn out, you need to leave secondary things and bring the main thing to the end. Typically, this is a task with a time limit or one on which the work of others depends. You cannot fail to fulfill it.
5. Evaluate the results at the end of the work. Are you satisfied with the quality of performance? If you could only do one of the two things, would it be better done?
6. And finally, my personal rule is not to combine games and activities with a child and work. It is better to captivate the baby with something interesting and do their own thing than, shouting over crying and indignation, trying to do everything at once.

The Assassination of Caesar (Carl Theodor Piloty, 1865). Photo: Wikipedia

Today's date, March 15, is significant in that Gaius Julius Caesar, an ancient Roman statesman and politician, commander, was killed on this day. A lot of rumors and legends live for centuries about this historical figure, some of which we will present here.

Place where Caesar died

For example, many mistakenly believe that Caesar was killed in the Senate building. However, this is not true. The Senate burned down before Caesar took the reins of government into his own hands. He gave the order to build a new curia, but during his lifetime he never saw it. The Senate was completed already under Octavian Augustus, and the building that has survived to this day was erected during the reign of Emperor Diocletian.

Due to the fact that there was no specific place for the meetings, they were always held in different rooms. Moreover, this practice continued after the curia appeared. On the day Caesar was assassinated, the place for the meeting was chosen next to the "new building" - the Theater of Pompey. It was here that the conspirators attacked the "emperor". During the reign of Augustus, the place of Caesar's murder was considered cursed and was walled up, and a public lavatory was built nearby.

Bust found at the bottom of the Rhone, identified with Caesar. Photo: Wikipedia

Were there last words Caesar "And you, Brutus?"

It is believed that Caesar called out these words when he saw that Mark Junius Brutus also drew his weapon and was preparing to strike. This phrase has become catchy, however, apparently, it was invented and immortalized by William Shakespeare in his play "Julius Caesar". The Greek philosopher and biographer Plutarch, who describes in detail the murder of a Roman politician, does not report any phrases thrown by Caesar to Brutus: head toga and framed himself for blows. The historian and writer Suetonius also expressed doubt that Caesar said something to Brutus: “And so he was struck by twenty-three blows, only at the first he let out not even a cry, but a groan, although some suggest that Mark who rushed at him He said to Brutus: “And you, my child!”

Caesar's name was Kai

Such a variant of honoring the so-called prenomen, or the personal name of Gaius Julius Caesar, is indicated in the set different sources. This and fiction(for example, in the "Golden Calf" by Ilf and Petrov). However, this pronunciation of the name is incorrect. The reasons for incorrect pronunciation may lie in the following. Initially, the sounds [k] and [g] in written Latin were not distinguished in any way. In addition, the alphabet from which the Latin later developed did not contain the letter [g]. When literacy began to spread among the Romans, and the volume of written information increased, a tail was attached to C so that similar sounds could be distinguished. At the same time, the capital letter C was used as the initial of the names Guy and Gnei (C and CN). The Romans were very reluctant to change what had already become traditional. And if they abbreviated the name Augustus as AVG, then the name Guy was still abbreviated as C. This could cause the Roman commander to be incorrectly named.

Gaius Julius Caesar dictates his sayings. Pelagio Palagi, 1813

Caesar could do several things at the same time

It is believed that Gaius Julius Caesar could do several things at the same time. Suetonius, in his biography of Augustus, writes that during circus performances, Caesar "read letters and papers or wrote answers to them." Plutarch notes, with reference to a certain Oppius, that Caesar could, during a campaign, sitting on a horse, dictate texts for different letters to several scribes. Pliny the Elder in Natural History informs us that “he could write or read and at the same time dictate and listen. He could dictate to his secretaries four letters at a time, and on the most important issues; and if he was not busy with anything else, then seven letters each. Scientists have proven that a person is not able to do several things at the same time, like electronic computers. It also describes nothing more than skillful switching from one task to another, the correct prioritization.

Caesar - a descendant of the ancient gods

Caesar was very fond of mentioning that the Julius family, to which he belongs, goes back to the most ancient Roman goddess of love and beauty, Venus. Caesar considered Aeneas, the progenitor of Romulus and Remus, to be his ancestor. Aeneas was allegedly the son of the Greek goddess of love Aphrodite and the nephew of King Priam, the last ruler of the fallen Troy. This "fact" Caesar used for personal gain.

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