Disassemble colors as a part of speech. Morphological analysis

Topic: morphological analysis of a noun.

The purpose of the lesson: To consolidate the skill of distinguishing parts of speech, to introduce the order of parsing a noun

Tasks:

To consolidate the skill of distinguishing parts of speech, to introduce the order of parsing a noun

Systematize and generalize theoretical knowledge on the topic of the lesson; introduce the order of morphological analysis of a noun; to form the ability to correctly determine the morphological features of a noun when parsing as a part of speech;

Develop the ability to competently express their thoughts;

Water-motivational stage.

Each part of speech has its own distinctive features, the knowledge of which makes it easier to comprehend the laws of spelling.

Today in the lesson we have to remember the definition of a noun as a part of speech, permanent features of a noun, non-permanent features of a noun, its syntactic role in a sentence.

Compare, they gave me a kitten. They gave me sweets "Kitten".

Why is the word kitten in the accusative case in the 1st sentence, and in the nominative case and in quotation marks in the second sentence?

In which case is “Kitten” a proper name, and in which one is it a common noun?

Are morphological features always constant in nouns?

What do you think the lesson will be about today?

What is the topic of our lesson?

The stage of updating previous knowledge.

Recall the general order of morphological analysis

Morphological analysis of any part of speech consists of three parts:

1. General grammatical meaning;

2. The grammatical meaning of the word being parsed;

3. The syntactic role of the word being parsed.

And the order of morphological analysis of the noun

To make a morphological analysis of a noun, firstly, it is necessary to write out the word in the form in which it is used in the sentence.

Then make a morphological analysis according to the proposed plan:

I. We indicate the part of speech, the general grammatical meaning and the question that the word answers.

II. We indicate the initial form of the word (Im.p., singular).

1. We indicate the permanent morphological features:

Animate or inanimate;

Own or common noun;

declination;

Number (if the word has only one form - singular or plural).

2. We indicate non-permanent morphological features:

Number (if the word changes by numbers).

III. We indicate the syntactic role (which member of the sentence is the noun in this sentence

Exercise

find the nouns in the sentences.

A good book shines brighter than a star.

Book (im.p., sing.); asterisks (r.p., singular)

Name the constant grammatical features of the noun.

Determine the permanent features of the noun.

A mind without a book is like a bird without wings.

Mind - noun, inanimate, m.rod, 2 cl.

The book is a noun, inanimate, gender, 1 cl.

Bird - noun, animate, gender, 1 cl.

Describe the syntactic role of the noun.

The book in happiness decorates, and in misfortune - comforts.

So, thanks to your answers and completed assignments, we can create a morphological portrait of a noun. What does it consist of?

III. information and operational stage.

Learning new material (Carousel strategy)

Using the Carousel strategy, we create a morphological portrait of a noun.

We make a plan of analysis.

Part of speech. General value.

Morphological features:

N.f. (i.p., unit)

Post pr: (naritative / proper, soulful / inanimate, gender, declension).

Non-post. Ex: case, number.

syntactic role.

IV. Reflective-evaluative stage.

What morphological features does the noun have?

What is the role of nouns?

V. Homework:

1. Exercise 1.

Sun glare reflects on a carpet of autumn leaves.

2. Exercise 2.

Make a morphological analysis of the nouns from this sentence.

The weather raged all night, and by morning it began to snow.

1. Independent parts of speech:

• nouns (see morphological norms of nouns);
• Verbs:
• • sacraments;
  • gerunds;
• adjectives;
• numerals;
• pronouns;
• adverbs;

2. Service parts of speech:

• prepositions;
• unions;
• particles;

3. Interjections.

None of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language fall into:

• the words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
• introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.

Morphological analysis of a noun

• the initial form in the nominative case, singular (with the exception of nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
• own or common noun;
• animate or inanimate;
• gender (m, f, cf.);
• number (unit, plural);
• declination;
• case;
• syntactic role in a sentence.

Plan of morphological analysis of a noun

"The baby is drinking milk."

Kid (answers the question who?) - noun;

• initial form - baby;
• permanent morphological features: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
• inconstant morphological features: nominative case, singular;
• in the syntactic analysis of the sentence, it plays the role of the subject.

Morphological analysis of the word "milk" (answers the question of whom? What?).

• initial form - milk;
• constant morphological characteristic of the word: neuter, inanimate, real, common noun, 2nd declension;
• variable morphological features: accusative, singular;
• in a sentence with a direct object.

Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:

"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (Example from: Luzhin's Defense, Vladimir Nabokov)."

Ladies (who?) - noun;

• the initial form is a lady;
• permanent morphological features: common noun, animate, specific, feminine, 1st declension;
• fickle morphological noun characteristic: singular, genitive;
• syntactic role: part of the subject.

Luzhin (to whom?) - noun;

• initial form - Luzhin;
• faithful morphological characteristic of the word: proper name, animated, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
• non-permanent morphological features of a noun: singular, dative case;

Palm (what?) - noun;

• initial form - palm;
• constant morphological features: feminine, inanimate, common noun, concrete, I declension;
• unstable morphos. signs: singular, instrumental;
• syntactic role in context: complement.

Dust (what?) - noun;

• initial form - dust;
• main morphological features: common noun, real, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with zero ending);
• fickle morphological word characteristic: accusative;
• syntactic role: complement.

(c) Coat (Why?) - noun;

• the initial form is a coat;
• constant correct morphological characteristic of the word: inanimate, common noun, concrete, neuter, indeclinable;
• morphological features are unstable: the number cannot be determined from the context, the genitive case;
• syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

The adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers questions What? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the features or qualities of an object. Table of morphological features of the adjective name:

• initial form in the nominative case, singular, masculine;
• constant morphological features of adjectives:
• • rank, according to the value:
  • • - quality (warm, silent);
    • - relative (yesterday, reading);
    • - possessive (hare, mother's);
  • degree of comparison (for qualitative, in which this feature is constant);
  • full / short form (for quality, in which this feature is permanent);
• non-permanent morphological features of the adjective:
• • quality adjectives change according to the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees, a simple form, in superlatives - complex): beautiful-beautiful-most beautiful;
  • full or short form (only qualitative adjectives);
  • genus sign (only in the singular);
  • number (consistent with the noun);
  • case (consistent with the noun);
• syntactic role in the sentence: the adjective is a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.

Plan of morphological analysis of the adjective

Suggestion example:

The full moon rose over the city.

Full (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - complete;
• permanent morphological features of the adjective: qualitative, full form;
• inconstant morphological characteristic: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with the noun), nominative case;
• according to syntactic analysis - a minor member of the sentence, performs the role of a definition.

Here is another whole literary passage and a morphological analysis of the adjective, using examples:

The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, looked into your soul.

Beautiful (what?) - adjective;

• the initial form is beautiful (in this sense);
• constant morphological norms: qualitative, short;
• non-permanent signs: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine;

Slender (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - slender;
• permanent morphological features: qualitative, complete;
• inconstant morphological characteristics of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative;
• syntactic role in the sentence: part of the predicate.

Thin (what?) - adjective;

• the initial form is thin;
• morphological permanent features: qualitative, complete;
• inconstant morphological characteristic of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative;
• syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Blue (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - blue;
• table of constant morphological features of the adjective: qualitative;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics: complete, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative;
• syntactic role: definition.

Amazing (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - amazing;
• permanent signs in morphology: relative, expressive;
• inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive;
• syntactic role in the sentence: part of the circumstance.

Morphological features of the verb

According to the morphology of the Russian language, the verb is an independent part of speech. It can denote an action (to walk), a property (to limp), an attitude (to equal), a state (to rejoice), a sign (to turn white, show off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what have you been doing? or what will it do? Different groups of verbal word forms are characterized by heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.

Morphological forms of verbs:

• the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or invariable form of the verb. Variable morphological features are absent;
• conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
• non-conjugated forms: participles and participles.

Morphological analysis of the verb

• the initial form is the infinitive;
• constant morphological features of the verb:
• • transitivity:
  • • transitive (used with accusative nouns without a preposition);
    • intransitive (not used with a noun in the accusative case without a preposition);
  • returnability:
  • • returnable (there are -sya, -sya);
    • irrevocable (no -sya, -sya);
  • • imperfect (what to do?);
    • perfect (what to do?);
  • conjugation:
  • • I conjugation (do-eat, do-et, do-eat, do-et, do-yut / ut);
    • II conjugation (sto-ish, sto-it, sto-im, sto-ite, sto-yat / at);
    • conjugated verbs (want, run);
• non-permanent morphological features of the verb:
• • mood:
  • • indicative: what did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? what will he do?;
    • conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
    • imperative: do it!;
  • time (in the indicative mood: past / present / future);
  • person (in the present/future tense, indicative and imperative: 1st person: I/we, 2nd person: you/you, 3rd person: he/they);
  • gender (in the past tense, singular, indicative and conditional);
  • number;
• syntactic role in a sentence. The infinitive can be any part of the sentence:
• • predicate: To be a holiday today;
  • Subject: Learning is always useful;
  • addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
  • definition: He has an overwhelming desire to eat;
  • circumstance: I went out for a walk.

Morphological analysis of the verb example

To understand the scheme, we will conduct a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using the example of a sentence:

Crow somehow God sent a piece of cheese ... (fable, I. Krylov)

Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech verb;

• initial form - send;
• permanent morphological features: perfective, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconstant morphological characteristic of the verb: indicative mood, past tense, masculine, singular;

The following online example of the morphological parsing of a verb in a sentence:

What silence, listen.

Listen (what to do?) - verb;

• the initial form is to listen;
• morphological constant features: perfect form, intransitive, reflexive, 1st conjugation;
• inconstant morphological characteristics of the word: imperative, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in the sentence: predicate.

Plan for the morphological analysis of the verb online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:

He needs to be warned.

No need, let him know another time how to break the rules.

What are the rules?

Wait, I'll tell you later. Has entered! (“The Golden Calf”, I. Ilf)

Warn (what to do?) - verb;

• initial form - warn;
• morphological features of the verb are constant: perfective, transitive, irrevocable, 1st conjugation;
• non-permanent morphology of the part of speech: infinitive;
• syntactic function in a sentence: an integral part of the predicate.

Let him know (what is he doing?) - part of speech verb;

• the initial form is to know;
• inconstant morphology of the verb: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
• syntactic role in the sentence: predicate.

Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;

• the initial form is to violate;
• permanent morphological features: imperfective, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• non-permanent signs of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
• syntactic role in the context: part of the predicate.

Wait (what to do?) - part of speech verb;

• initial form - wait;
• permanent morphological features: perfect form, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconstant morphological characteristic of the verb: imperative, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in the sentence: predicate.

Entered (what did?) - verb;

• initial form - enter;
• permanent morphological features: perfective, irrevocable, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
• inconstant morphological characteristic of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
• syntactic role in the sentence: predicate.

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION "VORONEZH STATE UNIVERSITY"

NAME GRAMMAR. MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AT SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY

Educational and methodical manual for universities

Compiled by: Zh.V. Gracheva T.V. Ilyin

Publishing and Printing Center of Voronezh State University

Approved by the Scientific and Methodological Council of the Faculty of Philology on May 13, 2008, Protocol No. 7

Reviewer Dr. Philol. sciences, prof. N.M. Wachtel

The teaching aid was prepared at the Department of the Russian Language of the Faculty of Philology of Voronezh State University.

For the specialty: 031001 - Philology

Introduction ................................................ ................................................. ..............
Part I. Morphological analysis of the noun,
adjective, numeral, pronoun at school ..................................
I. NOUN.................................................................................. .................
§ 1. Order of morphological analysis
noun ................................................................................ ...................
§ 4. Training exercises in morphological
parsing the noun .............................................................. ....
II. ADJECTIVE................................................ ...................
§ 1. The order of morphological analysis of the name of the adjective .....
§ 3. Samples of morphological parsing of a name
adjective ................................................................ ................................
adjective .................................................................. ...................
§ 1. The order of the morphological analysis of the numeral ....................
§ 2. Linguo-methodological commentary .............................................. .
§ 3. Samples of the morphological analysis of the numeral ....................
§ 4. Training exercises for morphological analysis
numeral ............................................................ .................................
§ 1. The order of the morphological analysis of the pronoun ..................................
§ 2. Linguo-methodological commentary .............................................. .
§ 3. Samples of morphological analysis of pronouns ....................
§ 4. Training exercises for morphological analysis
V. PARTIAL MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS..................................................
Part II. Morphological analysis of the noun,
adjective, numeral, pronoun in high school .......................
I. NOUN.................................................................................. ................
§ 1. Order of morphological parsing of a name
noun ................................................................ .........................
§ 2. Linguo-methodological commentary .............................................. .
§ 3. Samples of morphological parsing of a name
noun ................................................................ .........................
§ 4. Training exercises for morphological analysis
noun ................................................................................ ...............

II. ADJECTIVE................................................ .................
§ 1. The order of morphological analysis of the name of the adjective ...
§ 2. Linguo-methodological commentary .............................................. .
§ 3. Samples of morphological analysis of the name of the adjective ...
§ 4. Training exercises for morphological analysis
	adjective .................................................................. .................
III. NUMERAL................................................ ...................
§ 1. The order of morphological analysis of the name of the numeral .......
§ 2. Linguo-methodological commentary .............................................. .
§ 3. Samples of morphological analysis of the name of the numeral ......
§ 4. Training exercises for morphological analysis
	numeral ............................................................ .................................
IV. PRONOUN................................................. ...............................
	The order of the morphological analysis of the pronoun ....................................
	Linguistic commentary ..............................................................
	Samples of morphological analysis of pronouns ..............................
	Training exercises for morphological analysis
	pronouns ................................................. ...................................
Literature................................................. ................................................

Introduction

Educational and methodical manual “Grammar of the name. Morphological analysis at school and university ”is a continuation of the manual on the morphological analysis of the verb, participle and participle, published earlier. In practical classes in the Russian language, a large place is given to grammatical analysis, which allows you to better learn the material for this course, contributes to the development of analytical abilities, activity and independence of thinking, and is a means of consolidating knowledge.

This manual will help students to perform a linguistic grammatical analysis of a word related to a certain part of speech, after studying the theoretical material.

The manual discusses the features of the morphological analysis of the noun, adjective, numeral and pronoun in general educational institutions, a partial morphological analysis of these parts of speech, special attention is paid to complex cases, the order and examples of analysis are given, a detailed linguo-methodological commentary on each item. Mandatory for each part of the manual is a system of exercises to consolidate the material.

The methodological manual aims to help students prepare for teaching and trainee practices and work at school, therefore it can be used in Russian language classes, according to the methods of teaching the Russian language.

Part I. Morphological analysis of the name of a noun, adjective, numeral, pronoun at school

I. NOUN

§ 1. The order of morphological analysis of a noun

II. Morphological features:

1. Initial form (nominative singular).

2. Permanent signs:

a) proper or common noun, b) animate or inanimate, c) gender, d) declension.

3. Variable signs: a) case, b) number.

III. syntactic role.

1. You need to write out nouns together with a preposition, which helps to correctly determine the case. The preposition must be taken in brackets, showing that you are subjecting the noun to morphological analysis:

(to) a flower.

2. When identifying the signs of “own” or “common”, difficulties arise in the analysis of the noun that is part of the phrase. In this case, instead of indicating proper / common noun, the wording is given: it is part of the name expressed by the phrase. Compare:(Platonic) readings³ is a noun, denotes an object: what? reading . The initial form is reading. It is part of its own name (built according to the scheme of the phrase "adjective + noun").

3. When determining the sign of "animate" or "inanimate", it is necessary to rely on questions who? or what? One of the selection criteria is semantic: animate objects are called objects of living nature, inanimate - inanimate. But the main difference is grammatical: for animate nouns, the form of the accusative plural coincides with the form of the genitive plural, and for inanimate nouns, the form of the accusative plural coincides with the nominative plural:

(see) who? what? people, dolls, birds are animate nouns

(see) who? what? peoples, tables, herbs are inanimate nouns.

The logic of the language does not always coincide with the semantization of living and non-living things that is habitual for a person. Yes, the words dead man, dead man, doll, matryoshka,

puppet, jack, ace, trump card, queen, kite (air ) are animate, and corpse, people, crowd, army, flock, character, microbe, bacte-

ria, embryo, pupa, larva(in the scientific style - soulful.), etc. - to the inanimate.

4. Gender is usually determined by word substitution he - she - it or pronouns my - mine - mine, as well as an adjective, pronoun or verb-predicate.

a) a special group is made up of nouns of the general gender (nouns in -a, which can denote both male and female people: slovenly, ignorant, confused, drunkard and etc.

b) nouns denoting both female and male persons ( doctor, professor, poet and so on) are analyzed out of context: they are masculine nouns;

c) by gender, indeclinable nouns are distributed as follows: masculine - the names of males (monsieur), animals (my chimpanzee) and

birds (this flamingo); feminine - female names ( madam), neuter gender - inanimate nouns ( my coat) 1.

d) the gender of proper indeclinable nouns is determined by generic common nouns: the country of the Congo (female), the city of Tbilisi (m.); The Times (female, newspaper); The Times (m.r., magazine);

e) the gender of nouns used only in the plural is not determined ( chess);

f) the type of abbreviations is determined by the type of the keyword: VSU - m.r., university; but if the abbreviation is declined, then the gender is determined by the end: university, university, university, etc. (m. R., although the institution is S. R.).

5. When determining the declension, one should remember: a) the declension of words used only in the plural is not determined;

b) 10 nouns per-mya (flame, stirrup, banner, udder, crown, se-

me, burden, time, name, tribe) and the noun way are dissimilar (they change in 3rd and 2nd declensions);

c) it is necessary to remember about indeclinable nouns (they are outside the declension);

d) nouns of type dining room, embankment, sleeping pills

sya to the adjective type of declension (change as adjectives).

6. Case and number are not constant signs, therefore, before listing them, it is necessary to use the word “used”.

7. Difficulties are caused by the definition of the accusative case. To avoid them, it is necessary to ask a double question: whom? what?

8. The number of indeclinable nouns is set based on their semantics: kangaroos hopped along the path (plural).

§ 3. Samples of morphological parsing of a name

noun

Do not sing, beauty³, with me You are sad songs³ of Georgia³.

Beauty ³ - noun, denotes an object: (who?) Beauty. The initial form is beautiful. Permanent signs: common noun, animate, feminine, 1 declension. Used in the nominative singular. The offer is an appeal.

Songs ³ is a noun. Denotes subject: (what?) songs. The initial form is a song. Permanent signs: common noun, inanimate, feminine, 1 declension. Used in the genitive plural. The offer is an addition.

1 But there are exceptions. Let's note some of them: coffee (m. p., drink), tornado (m. p., hurricane), sirocco (m. p., wind), bengali, Pashto and other names of the languages ​​​​of the peoples of the world (m. p. ), tsetse (female, fly), hummingbird (female bird) avenue (female street), salami (female, sausage), ivasi (female herring), kohlrabi ( f. r., cabbage); suluguni (m. r. cheese) type nouns protege, counterpart, hippie, incognito can be used both in m. p., and in f. R.

Georgia ³ is a noun. Denotes subject: (what?) Georgia. The initial form is Georgia. Permanent signs: proper, inanimate, feminine, 1 declension. It is used in the genitive singular form (there is no plural form). In a sentence is a definition.

§ 4. Training exercises for the morphological analysis of the noun

Write out the nouns from the sentences and make their morphological analysis.

She was not worried about the memories that she was at Satan’s ball, that by some miracle the master was returned to her, that a novel arose from the ashes, that again everything was in its place in the basement in the alley from where Aloisy Mogarych was expelled ( M. Bulgakov). In the diaries of E.S. Bulgakova talks about the difficult fate of the play "Days of the Turbins" at the Moscow Art Theater; the life of the theater in those years is reflected in the “Theatrical novel” by M. Bulgakov, where Stanislavsky also acts as the prototype of the heroes,

and Nemirovich-Danchenko(from the newspaper).

II. ADJECTIVE

§ 1. The order of morphological analysis of the name of the adjective

I. Part of speech. General value. II. Morphological features.

1. Initial form (nominative, singular masculine).

2. Permanent signs: qualitative, relative or possessive.

3. Variable signs: 1) for qualitative ones: a) degree of comparison (comparative and superlative); b) short or long form; 2) all adjectives: a) case, b) number, c) gender (singular).

III. syntactic role.

§ 2. Linguistic commentary

1. The adjective from the sentence is written out together with the noun on which it depends. It is by the noun that some features of the adjective are determined.

2. When identifying the category of adjective names, one should take into account: when the lexical meaning changes, adjectives can move from one category to another:

golden ring (relative); golden character (qualitative);

bear trail (possessive); disservice (qualitative); bear meat (relative).

3. Adjectives with a compound degree of comparison are written out together with words more, less (comparative degree), least,

most, the most, all, everything (superlative).

4. The gender, number and case of an adjective is determined by the noun it depends on.

§ 3. Samples of morphological analysis of the name of the adjective

The yard was rich³, the family was big³ (I. Bunin).

Rich ³ (yard) is an adjective. Indicates the attribute of an object:

yard (what?) rich. The initial form is rich. A constant sign is quality. Used in the full form, in the singular, in the masculine form. In a sentence, it is the nominal part of the predicate.

Big ³ ( family) - adjective. Indicates a sign of an object: family (what?) Big. The initial form is large. A constant sign is quality. Used in the full form, in the singular, in the feminine. In a sentence, it is the nominal part of the predicate.

How good³, how fresh the roses were (I. Turgenev).

Good ³ (roses) is an adjective. Indicates a sign of an object: roses (what?) are good. The initial form is good. A constant sign is quality. Used in the short form of the plural. In a sentence, it is the nominal part of the predicate.

Maria Gavrilovna was brought up on French³ novels and, therefore, was in love. (A. Pushkin)

French ³ (novels) - adjective. Denotes a sign of the subject: on novels (what?) French. The initial form is French.

A constant sign is relative. Used in the plural form of the prepositional case. In a sentence is a definition.

§ 4. Training exercises for the morphological analysis of the name of the adjective

Write out adjectives from the sentences and make their morphological analysis.

Oh, how in our declining years / We love more tenderly and more superstitiously ... / Shine, shine, farewell light / Last love, evening dawn! (F. Tyutchev).

There is in the original autumn / A short but marvelous time - / The whole day stands as if crystal, / And the evenings are radiant (F. Tyutchev).

III. NUMERAL

§ 1. The order of morphological analysis of the name of the numeral

I. Part of speech. General value.

II. Morphological features.

1. Initial form (nominative).

2. Permanent signs: a) simple, complex or compound; b) quantitative, ordinal; fractional, collective).

3. Variable signs: a) case, b) number (if any), c) gender

(if there).

III. syntactic role.

§ 2. Linguistic commentary

1. It is necessary to distinguish numerals from words with a numerical value: numerals can be built in a series of natural numbers ( one two, …

twenty-two… seven hundred five and so on or first, second… twenty-second… seven hundred and fifth ). You cannot put a noun in this row. In addition, the words of other parts of speech with the meaning of number have other morphemes (suffixes, prefixes, roots) characteristic of these parts of speech:

five, five, nickel, five, three times, triple, two, two-story, three-story and so on.

2. It is necessary to write out numerals together with a noun and a preposition, which are included in one phrase with a numeral: (in) the fifth (hour).

3. Depending on the word-formation structure, numerals can be simple - with one root (five), complex - with two roots (fifty, three thousandth) and compound - consist of two or more words (three thousand).

§ 3. Samples of morphological analysis of the name of the numeral

Five years ago I got married. I spent the first³ month here in de-

jealous. (A. Pushkin).

Five ³ ( years) - numeral, indicates the number of items: years (how many?) five. The initial form is five. Permanent signs: simple, quantitative, denotes an integer. Used in the accusative case. The sentence is part of the circumstance.

First ³ (month) - numeral, indicates the order of objects: month (what?) first. The initial form is the first. Constant signs: ordinal. Used in the accusative case, in the singular, in the masculine. The offer is part of an addendum.

There are many tricky pitfalls in the morphological parsing of nouns that are often overlooked. Let's remember the most important thing.

According to their meaning and morphological features, nouns are divided into several categories: proper and common nouns, animate and inanimate.

Proper names are easy to recognize: they name a single object and are capitalized (Petya, Zorka, Riga, Italy, "Spark"), sometimes they form names in the form of phrases (Krasnaya Presnya, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the Great Patriotic War), have only one number. We write out the proper name in its entirety and parse it as one noun.

Nouns have a common grammatical meaning - subject. Questions who? or what? help to distinguish between animate and inanimate nouns. But our ideas about living and non-living things do not always coincide, so we use a hint: we compare cases in the plural. The animate have the same accusative and genitive cases (I see a brother - there is no brother), for the inanimate - accusative and nominative (I see books - there are books).

The subject can be different: a living being, a plant or a person, a period of time, an event or a natural phenomenon, a quality or a process. Groups of concrete (crow, table), material (sugar, hydrogen), abstract (courage, enmity) and collective nouns (crow, people) are not indicated in the school analysis, but play an important role in determining some features. For example, animation or number, gender or case.

Specific nouns are countable, go well with cardinal numbers, are used in the singular and plural.

Real names are food, drinks, materials, fabrics, chemical elements, drugs, they have only the singular (milk, oil) or only the plural (spirits, sawdust), they can be measured, but not counted. In quantitative terms, they have the ending -У in the genitive case: buy honey, a bar of chocolate, give sugar.

Abstract (abstract) nouns denote concepts that have nothing to do with counting, and also do not change in numbers, have suffixes -ISM-, -OST-, -IZN-, -IN-, -OT-, -STV-, -TIY- , -NIY-: heroism, courage, whiteness, silence, kindness, mischief, arrival, education.

Collective names many objects as a whole, are inanimate, have only the singular or only the plural, cannot be counted (foliage, furniture). You can also recognize them by the suffixes -j-, -OT-, -B-, -STV, -ESTV-, -NIK-, -NYAK-: crows, poor people, foliage, students, spruce forest, willow forest.

After indicating the ranks of nouns, we proceed to the gender, which is determined by the form of the nominative case of the singular or by the method of substitution of pronouns OH-SHE-IT; MY, MY, MY. Formally, the gender can also be determined by the endings:

A, -I, zero, -O, -E, a special type like the adjective -OY, -YI, -IY - this is masculine (dad, uncle, doctor, little house, ax handle, sick, district, worker);

A, -I, zero, a special type like the adjective -AYA, -YAYA is feminine (mother, aunt, steppe, living room, front);

Oh, -E, words in -MYA, a special type like the adjective -OE, -EE is the neuter gender (window, sea, time, ice cream, future);

A, -I is a common gender (crybaby, sleepyhead).

Words of the general gender are divided into 3 groups: unofficial names Zhenya, Shura), indeclinable surnames (Zhivago, Hugo) and nouns with the meaning of properties and evaluation of persons in appearance (short man), behavior (bully), intelligence (stupid), morality (miser) , social status (hillbilly). The common gender does not include nouns denoting professions or occupations (teacher, agronomist, director - all masculine).

For indeclinable nouns, the gender is determined by the meaning and dependent words (maestro, lady, hot coffee, warm coat). It is impossible to establish the gender of words in the plural (watch, sleigh).

Declined nouns are divided into three groups. To 1 declension: masculine and feminine with endings -А, -Я; to the second - neuter gender with endings -O, -E, masculine gender with zero ending, to 3rd declension: feminine gender with zero ending.

There is a group of words that are indeclinable (10 words in -MYA and “way”) and indeclinable (foreign words, proper names, compound words and abbreviations for vowels). For words that have only the plural form, and for nouns that have passed from adjectives, with a special type of declension, it is impossible to determine the declension, for example: rakes, gates; animal, injured.

Most specific words change by number: cat - cats, miracle - miracles, man - people, new coat - new coats. But if a noun has only one number form, this is its constant feature.

All cases, except for the nominative, are usually called indirect, since they are used with and without prepositions, and the prepositional case is used only with prepositions. Cases differ in questions and endings.

Nominative (Im.p.): is there anyone? what?

Genitive (R.p.): no one? what?

Dative (D.p.): I will give to whom? what?

Accusative (VP): see who? what?

Creative (T.p.): proud of whom? how?

Prepositional (Pr.p.): I think about whom? how?

Do not confuse cases! Think like this.

In the sentence: It rained all year - the word “rains” is in Im.p., since it is connected with the predicate “were going”, how long did it go? (time period) year - this word is in B.p.

In the sentence: Tomorrow the results of the competition will be announced - the word "results" in Im.p. connected with the predicate "will be announced", the results of what? competition - this word is in R.p.

In the sentence: It is necessary to cure animals - the word "animals" is in R.p. with a predicate expressed by a transitive verb.

In the sentence: After the expiration of the warranty period, the goods cannot be repaired - the word "after the expiration" is in Ex. (thinking about what? about expiration).

If the noun is used in the nominative case, it can be the subject or address, the nominal part of the predicate, or the application. The noun in indirect cases acts as an object, circumstance and definition.

We get acquainted with the plan of morphological analysis of nouns and proceed to the study of examples.

PLAN OF MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NOUN

1. Part of speech and general grammatical meaning.

2. Initial form (Im. p., singular) and morphological features:
Permanent (P.p.):
- rank:
own or common noun,
animate or inanimate;
- genus,
- declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- number,
- case.

3. The syntactic role of the noun.

Sentences selected from funny stories by a children's writer Sergei Volf.

First, we walk along the boulevard.

1. (Along) the boulevard - a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): boulevard
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- m.rod,
- 2 declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- unit,
- D. case.
3. We walk (for what? Where?) along the boulevard (the circumstance of the place).

There flowers grow, similar to dill, trees and the second day a cat meows, which I can’t track down.

1. Flowers - noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): flower
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- m.rod,
- 2 declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- plural,
- Name of case.
3. Flowers grow (what?) (subject).

On the street, we joined hands and walked to the park.

1. (On) the street - a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): street
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- zh.rod,
- 1 declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- unit,
- Ex. case.
3. They took (on what? where?) on the street (a circumstance of the place).

What's wrong with you, Alyosha? she said and touched my forehead.

1. Alyosha is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): Alyosha
Permanent (P.p.):
- own,
- animated;
- m.rod,
- 1 declination,
- has only a single number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- Name of case.
3. (Who?) Alyosha (not a member of the proposal, because the appeal).

Let your boy go to Moscow!

1. (B) Moscow - a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): Moscow
Permanent (P.p.):
- own,
- inanimate;
- zh.rod,
- 1 declination,
- has only a single number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. Release (to what? where?) to Moscow (the circumstance of the place).

But a week ago he took the calculation and went to Siberia to build a new railway.

1. (B) Siberia is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): Siberia
Permanent (P.p.):
- own,
- inanimate;
- zh.rod,
- 3 declension,
- has only a single number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. He left (to what? where?) to Siberia (the circumstance of the place).

Then we drink coffee and eat puff pastries.

1. Coffee is a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): coffee
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- m.rod,
- indestructible
- has only a single number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. We drink (what?) coffee (direct addition).

It is very shameful in our time to believe in any such thing.

1. (B) time is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): time
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- cf.
- diversified
- has only a single number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. believe in time (in what? when?) time (the circumstance of time).

They will sit down, arrange chess and - let's talk about literature.

1. Chess is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): chess
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- no gender
- no inclination
- has only a plural.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. Arrange (what?) chess (direct object).

The yard was already full of children from neighboring houses.

1. Guys - a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): guys
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- no gender
- no inclination
- has only a plural.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. There were a lot of (who?) guys (direct addition).

And the horse stretched out its muzzle and softly, with its lips, took this sugar directly from Sergey Vasilyevich's palm.

1. Sugar is a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): sugar
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- m.rod,
- 2 declination,
- has only a single number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. Took (what?) Sugar (direct addition).

The teacher Lev Evgenievich entered.

1. Teacher is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): teacher
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- animated;
- m.rod,
- 2 declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- unit,
- I. case.
3. Entered (who?) teacher (subject).

You're doing well, but I didn't know you were such a jerk.

1. Balda is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): balda
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- animated;
- common gender
- 1 declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- unit,
- I. case.
3. You (who?) Balda (compound nominal predicate).

Take your dad's shirts to the laundry.

1. (B) laundry - noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Im. p., singular): laundry
Permanent (P.p.):
- common noun
- inanimate;
- zh.rod,
- declined as an adjective.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- unit,
- V. case.
3. You will take it (to what? where?) to the laundry (the circumstance of the place).

Training tasks

Perform a morphological analysis of the indicated nouns.

1) “You see,” he says, “but he remembered my name, it’s nice.

2) But when the guys put on the play "Well, wait a minute" and I saw Svetulya in a hare costume, I lost my head.

3) All day I walked around not myself and was very happy.

4) I am so confused in these reflections.

5) Roach took me normally, more or less often, from Sveta - also wow.

6) There, half a kilometer from the sanatorium, a river was discovered, the grandfather even perked up at first, he took a fishing rod with him, but it quickly became clear that the river was completely tiny, narrow, and most importantly, there was nothing there but minnow.

7) Everyone, as is usually the case at the beginning of the journey, stunned by the departure, sat in their compartments, it was empty and quiet in the carriage corridor, in general (I listened) there was complete silence.

8) Someone squeaked and fumbled in the willow bushes ...

Literature

1. Ilyushina L.A. On the morphological analysis of the noun / Russian language at school and at home. - 2002. - No. 3.

2. Chuglov V.I. On morphological analysis / Russian language at school. - 2002. - No. 3.