The blog "Know your native land" is a virtual journey for children around the Pskov region and is the embodiment in the Internet space of the main materials of the project of the Pskov Centralized Library System "Know your native land!".
This project was developed and implemented in the libraries of the Centralized Library System of Pskov in 2012-2013. - Library - Center for Communication and Information, Children's Ecological Library "Rainbow", Library "Spring" named after. S.A. Zolottsev and in the innovation-methodical department of the Central City Library.
The main goal of the project is to give an idea about the historical past of the Pskov region, its present, about the people (personalities) who glorified the Pskov region, about the richness and originality of the nature of the Pskov region.
The project brought together librarians, participants in the educational process and parents with a single goal.
“Cultivating love for the native land, for the native culture, for the native village or city, for the native speech is a task of paramount importance and there is no need to prove it. But how to cultivate this love? It starts small - with love for your family, for your home, for your school. Gradually expanding, this love for the native land turns into love for one's country - for its history, its past and present ”(D.S. Likhachev).
| Pskov. Phot. Peter Kosykh. |
Project implementation partners:
City schools:
· Secondary school No. 24 im. L.I. Malyakova (teacher of the beginning classes Grigoryeva Valentina Ivanovna)
· Secondary school No. 12 named after. Hero of Russia A. Shiryaev (teacher of the beginning classes Ovchinnikova Tatyana Pavlovna)
Border - customs - legal lyceum (teacher of the beginning classes Ivanova Zinaida Mikhailovna)
Pskov Regional Institute for Advanced Studies of Education Workers:
Pasman Tatyana Borisovna - methodologist in history, social science and law of POIPKRO
Pskov State University
Bredikhina Valentina Nikolaevna, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory and Methods of Humanitarian Education, Pskov State University.
Blog editor:
Burova N.G. - head. Department of Information and Communication Technologies of the Central City Hospital of Pskov
At present, despite the fact that the project, which was originally the basis for the creation of this resource, has been completed, our local history blog continues to successfully exist and develop. Being in its essence an information and educational resource and a good help for those who want to get to know Pskov and the amazing Pskov region (especially for children), whether it is the opening of a monument in Pskov or on the territory of the Pskov region, impressions from trips to one of the corners of the Pskov region, the creation of a new local history game library or photo gallery, and, of course, we always inform our readers about the publication of new books about Pskov, designed for young local historians.
The materials of this blog can be used both in school classes and at library events, or they can be read just like that - for self-education!
We are waiting on the pages of our blog for all the guys who are not indifferent to the history of Pskov and the Pskov region, and, in turn, we promise to delight our visitors with new materials. By the way, blog updates can be found in the section
Born May 13, 1221 in the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky. He was the son of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich of Pereyaslavl. In 1225, according to the decision of his father, initiation into the warriors took place in the biography of Nevsky.
In 1228, together with his elder brother, he was transferred to Novgorod, where they became princes of the Novgorod lands. In 1236, after the departure of Yaroslav, he began to independently defend the lands from the Swedes, Livonians, and Lithuanians.
Personal life
In 1239, Alexander married the daughter of Bryachislav of Polotsk, Alexandra. They had five children - sons: Vasily (1245 - 1271, prince of Novgorod), Dmitry (1250 - 1294, prince of Novgorod, Pereyaslav, Vladimir), Andrei (1255 - 1304, Kostroma, Vladimir, Novgorod, Gorodets prince), Daniel ( 1261 - 1303, Moscow prince), as well as daughter Evdokia.
military activity
The biography of Alexander Nevsky is significant for a large number of many victories. So, in July 1240, the famous Battle of the Neva took place, when Alexander attacked the Swedes on the Neva and won. It was after this battle that the prince received the honorary nickname "Nevsky".
When the Livonians took Pskov, Tesov, got close to Novgorod, Alexander again defeated the enemies. After that, he attacked the Livonians (German knights) on April 5, 1242 and also won (the famous Battle of the Ice on Lake Peipsi).
After the death of his father in 1247, Kyiv and "All the Russian Land" went to Alexander's board. Kyiv at that time was devastated by the Tatars, and Nevsky decided to stay in Novgorod.
The prince repelled the attacks of enemies for 6 years. Then he left Novgorod for Vladimir and began to reign there. At the same time, wars with Western neighbors continued. In military campaigns, the prince was helped by his sons - Vasily and Dmitry.
Death and legacy
Alexander Nevsky died on November 14, 1263 in Gorodets and was buried in the Nativity Monastery in the city of Vladimir. By order of Peter I, his relics were transferred in 1724 to the Alexander Nevsky Monastery (St. Petersburg).
Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky is given an exceptional role in the history of Russia. In all his life, Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky did not lose a single battle. He was considered the beloved prince of the clergy, the patron of the Orthodox Church. He can be briefly described as a talented diplomat, commander who was able to protect Russia from many enemies, as well as prevent the campaigns of the Mongol-Tatars.
Nowadays, streets and squares are named after him, monuments have been erected in his honor, Orthodox churches have been erected in many cities of Russia.
Other biography options
Biography test
To remember Nevsky's short biography better, take this test.
ALEXANDER NEVSKIY , the holy Grand Duke of Vladimir, the great defender for the Russian land and the Orthodox faith. The son of Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, grandson of St. Andrei Bogolyubsky and great-grandson of Vladimir Monomakh, St. Alexander Nevsky, was born on May 30, 1220, and under the influence of his pious mother, St. young nails taught every good deed. He spent most of his youth in Novgorod, where, being a prince in 1228, he got acquainted with the sad troubles of an unsettled people's rule and at the same time prepared for those great feats that he was given to perform for the good of the Russian land. By that time, the world position of Russia had already been completely determined, as a country that was destined to remain forever the mighty guardian of Orthodoxy from the ever-increasing encroachments, the popes of Rome, to subjugate the entire Christian world to its illegal power. The popes themselves, standing at the height of their power, when one of them could even proudly say: “the whole West reveres us as an earthly god,” of course, they very much wanted to subjugate the numerous Russian people, who were powerfully advancing onto the historical stage. Some Slavic peoples, like the Poles and Czechs, had already submitted to the papacy, the crusaders had conquered Byzantium, having made all sorts of rampages in it, and now it was Russia's turn. But since it was impossible to hope for his voluntary submission, the popes were not averse to using the "worldly sword." And so, at a beckon from Rome, a crusade was announced (by a bull of December 9, 1237 addressed to the Archbishop of Uppsala), whose first goal was to punish the Finns who were indignant against the Latin propaganda, but also against the Russians. Pope Gregory IX promised forgiveness of sins to all participants in the campaign, and eternal bliss to those who fell in battle. Under the influence of zealous preaching, a large army gathered, moving on ships, accompanied by "honest bishops" and many clergy with a cross instead of a banner, and with the singing of sacred hymns. At the head of the army was the famous Swedish nobleman Birger, an experienced military leader, under whose control the crusading fleet went to the Neva, from where he planned to take Ladoga and directly hit Novgorod. Seeing the formidable danger, the young Novgorod prince Alexander "inflamed his heart" and, having gathered a squad and offered up an ardent prayer in St. Sophia's Cathedral, moved to meet the enemy. “Brothers, he addressed his squad with a short but strong speech: God is not in power, but in truth! Let us remember the words of the psalmist: these are in arms and these are on horses, but we will call on the name of our Lord ... We will not be afraid of many different ones, as God is with us! On July 15, 1240, the prince, like an eagle, flew into the enemy, who had carelessly stopped at the mouth of the Izhora, and inflicted a decisive defeat on him. Alexander received heavenly help in this glorious battle from Saints Boris and Gleb, who appeared to him the day before in a night vision “The Romans are defeated and put to shame,” the Novgorodians joyfully exclaimed, fully understanding what kind of enemy they had to deal with. And this was, indeed, the first glorious rebuff on the part of the Russians to the formidable conquering movement of Latinism to the Orthodox-Russian East, and the culprit of it rightly received the title of Nevsky.
Meanwhile, the movement of the western Latin-Germanic world to the east was revealed from the other side. In the 13th century, the western Baltic coast became a place of intense propaganda by the Germans, who forced the Lithuanians who inhabited it to be baptized by force. For their more successful conversion, the Livonian Order of the Sword-bearers was founded; and, this semi-religious, semi-military order began to conduct successful religious and political propaganda among the local population. Since it had already managed to be influenced by the Russian trading settlements (Kukenois and Gersin), the knights of the order did not fail to destroy these centers of influence they did not want. And then Kukenoys fell first, and then Gersint, and the soul of this whole movement, “the good and faithful shepherd Albert” (bishop of Livonia), offered to destroy the Orthodox church there and rob the holy icons and bells. The storm was getting closer. Yuryev and, finally, Pskov were taken by the "iron people". The pope rejoiced and demanded further conquest. Meanwhile, there was a terrible turmoil in Novgorod, so that his valiant prince Alexander had to retire from it (to the Suzdal land in Pereyaslavl). But when trouble was already approaching Novgorod, the Novgorodians came to their senses and asked the prince to return to them and help them repel the enemy. And the valiant prince, forgetting the offense caused to him by the freemen, moved with his retinue against the triumphant enemy. First of all, Pskov was liberated, and then on Lake Peipsi in the famous “Battle on the Ice” (April 5, 1242), Alexander smashed the formidable enemy clad in iron armor on his head. This victory finally undermined the strength of the Livonian Order and the German-Latin world was put a limit in its movement to the Orthodox Russian East. After that, even from the side of the Livonian land, raids were made on the Russian regions, especially when the Teutonic Order joined the Livonian Order. But it was enough for Alexander Nevsky to appear for the danger to be eliminated from this side as well.
But if the struggle against the German-Latin West was hard and difficult, then no struggle against the terrible Asian enemy, the Mongols, was completely impossible. Therefore, Alexander (since 1252, the Grand Duke of Vladimir) adhered to a different policy towards them, trying to humbly avert the disasters that threatened him from the Tatars from the people, and in this respect did a lot to alleviate the fate of the people conquered by the barbarians. For this purpose, he himself went to the horde four times and by his wisdom achieved many reliefs that were most important for the people. And the people highly appreciated this statesmanship of his, and bitterly mourned their beloved prince, when he fell ill on his way back from the horde and died in Gorodets Volzhsky on November 14, 1263. When the sad news about this reached Vladimir, Metropolitan Kirill announced it to the people in touching words: “My dear child, understand that the sun of the Russian land will set,” and all the people, choked with tears, could only exclaim: “We are already perishing!” And, indeed, in his person, the Russian land lost a great ascetic for the faith and the fatherland, who, according to the chronicler, “worked a lot for the Russian land, for Novgorod and Pskov, for all the great reign, giving his life and for the Orthodox faith.” The Church, the true spokesman of the people's conscience, ranked him among the saints.
His imperishable relics, discovered in 1380, by the will of Emperor Peter I were solemnly transferred (1724) to the newly founded capital, where they rest in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra until now in the richest silver reliquary, donated from the pious zeal of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna.
Literature: In addition to the "Lives" and "Tales", which will be discussed below, see the complete collection of Russian chronicles (published by Stroev 1820), as well as quite numerous studies and biographies, from which it can be noted: "The life and work of the Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky in connection with the events in Russia in the 13th century, Op. Kholodny, Tambov, 1883; "Holy Blessed, Grand Duke Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky", Op. M. Khitrova. Moscow, 1893, (richly illustrated with detailed references to literature), in spiritual and secular magazines (for example, "The Wanderer" 1880 June-July), respectively. departments of the History of Russia Karamzin, Solovyov, Ilovaisky, Kostomarov and others, in the History of the Russian Church Macarius, Golubinsky and others.
* A. P. Lopukhin.
Text source: Orthodox theological encyclopedia. Volume 1, column. 437. Edition Petrograd. Appendix to the spiritual magazine "Wanderer" for 1900. Spelling is modern.
(about 1220 - 11/14/1263)
Russian statesman, commander, Prince of Novgorod, Grand Duke of Vladimir from 1252. Son of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (See Yaroslav Vsevolodovich) .
He led the Russian troops that defended the northwestern lands of Russia from being captured by Swedish and German feudal lords. After the landing of the Swedish troops at the confluence of the river. Izhora in the river. Neva A.N. with a small squad, having joined with the Ladoga residents, on July 15, 1240, he suddenly attacked the Swedes and completely defeated their large army, revealing exceptional courage in battle. The Battle of Neva 1240
prevented the threat of an enemy invasion from S. For this battle, he was nicknamed "Nevsky". The victory strengthened the political influence of A.N., but at the same time contributed to the aggravation of his relations with the boyars, as a result of clashes with which A.N. was forced to leave Novgorod. After the Livonian knights invaded Russia, the Novgorodians sent representatives to A.N., in the spring of 1241 he returned and quickly created an army that drove the invaders out of Russian cities (the assault on Koporye and Pskov is an example of the high military art of capturing fortresses). A large cavalry army led by the master of the order came up against A. N., which suffered a decisive defeat on April 5, 1242 on the ice of Lake Peipus (see Battle on the Ice of 1242). In the history of the military art of the Middle Ages, the victory of A. N. on Lake Peipsi was of great importance: the Russian foot army surrounded and defeated the knightly cavalry and foot bollards, long before the infantry in Western Europe learned to defeat the knights. The victory in this battle put A. N. among the largest military leaders of his time. The aggression of the German knights against Russia was stopped. A. N. continued to strengthen the north-western borders of Russia: sending an embassy to Norway, which resulted in the first peace agreement between Russia and Norway (1251), a successful campaign in Finland against the Swedes, who made a new attempt to close the Russian access to the Baltic Sea (1256) . A.N. showed himself to be a cautious and far-sighted politician. He rejected the attempts of the papal curia to provoke a war between Russia and the Golden Horde (See Golden Horde), because he understood the futility of the war with the Tatars at that time. With his skillful policy, A.N. contributed to the prevention of devastating invasions of the Tatars in Russia. Several times he went to the Horde, achieved the release of the Russians from the obligation to act as an army on the side of the Tatar khans in their wars with other peoples. A. N. made many efforts to strengthen the grand ducal power in the country to the detriment of the influence of the boyars, at the same time resolutely suppressed anti-feudal uprisings (the uprising in Novgorod in 1259). He died in Gorodets, returning from the Golden Horde. Canonized by the Russian Church (canonized as a saint). At the end of the 13th century The Life of Alexander Nevsky was compiled, in which A.N. is shown as an ideal warrior prince, defender of the Russian land from enemies. By order of Peter I, the remains of A.N. were transported to St. Petersburg. In pre-revolutionary Russia, the Order of A.N. was established on May 21, 1725. On July 29, 1942, the Soviet military order of Alexander Nevsky was established in honor of A.N. Lit.: Pashuto V. T., The heroic struggle of the Russian people for independence (XIII century), M., 1956; Sutt N.I., Yaroslavl, 1940. S. O. Schmidt.
See also `Alexander Nevsky` in other dictionaries
(c. 1220 - 14.XI.1263) - Russian. state activist, commander, prince of Novgorod (1236-51), grand. Prince of Vladimir from 1252, son of Prince. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. The head of the Russian troops who defended the north-west. the lands of Russia from the capture of the Swedes. and German. feudal lords. After the landing of the Swede. knights at the confluence of the river. Izhora in the river. Neva A.N. with a small retinue, united with the Ladoga residents, on July 15, 1240, suddenly attacked the Swedes and completely defeated their large army, revealing exceptional courage in battle. In the Battle of the Neva in 1240, the troops of A.N. won a major victory, suffering small losses. The threat of an enemy invasion from S. was averted. For this battle, the people nicknamed him "Nevsky". This victory, by increasing the political the influence of A.N., at the same time, contributed to the aggravation of his relations with the boyars, as a result of clashes with the Crimea, A.N. was forced to leave Novgorod. However, after the invasion of the Livonian knights into Russia, the Novgorodians sent a delegation to A.N., in the spring of 1241 A.N. returned and quickly created a strong army, from ...
ALEXANDER NEVSKY (1221? -1263) - Prince of Novgorod in 1236-51, Grand Duke of Vladimir from 1252. Son of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Victories over the Swedes (Battle of the Neva 1240) and the German knights of the Livonian Order (Battle on the Ice 1242) secured the western borders of Russia. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. ALEXANDER Yaroslavich (Feodorovich) NEVSKY - (May 13, 1221? - November 14, 1263), Prince of Novgorod (from 1236), Grand Duke of Vladimir (from 1252). Origin. Beginning of reign Born in the family of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich and Princess Feodosia, daughter of Prince Mstislav Udatny (Udaly). Grandson of Vsevolod the Big Nest. The first information about Alexander dates back to 1228, when Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, who reigned in Novgorod, came into conflict with the townspeople and was forced to leave for Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, his ancestral inheritance. Despite his departure, he left in Novgorod in the care of trusted boyars his two young sons Fedor and Alexander. After the death of Fedor, ALEXANDER becomes the senior ...
ALEXANDER NEVSKIY (1220 or 1221-63), Prince of Novgorod in 1236-51 and Tver in 1247-52, Grand Duke of Vladimir from 1252. Son of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Victories over the Swedes (Battle of the Neva 1240) and the German knights of the Livonian Order (Battle on the Ice 1242) secured the western borders of Russia. Skillful policy weakened the hardships of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
Source: Encyclopedia "Fatherland"
St. Right-Believing Grand Duke (05/30/1220-11/14/1263). Son led. book. Yaroslav Vsevolodovich II.
The circumstances in which he had to reign required extraordinary abilities and qualities, according to the word of Scripture: “Be ...
(1220-1263), Russian statesman, commander, Prince of Novgorod, Grand Duke of Vladimir. Born May 30, 1220 in Vladimir. The son of Grand Duke Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich of Novgorod, from 1236 he independently ruled in Novgorod, a participant in battles with the Swedes, Germans and Lithuanians. After the victory over the Swedes on the banks of the Neva in 1240, he was nicknamed Nevsky. In 1242, he inflicted a decisive defeat on the knights of the Order of the Sword and the Teutonic Order, who invaded Russia, in the battle on the ice of Lake Peipus (Battle on the Ice). Later, he achieved the location of the Mongol Khan Batu, who conquered Russia, and in 1252 received the khan's label for the great reign of Vladimir. He died in Gorodets on November 14, 1263. The Russian Orthodox Church canonized him among the saints. By order of Peter I, the relics of Alexander Nevsky in 1724 were transferred from Vladimir to St. Petersburg.
LITERATURE
Alexander Nevsky and the history of Russia. Novgorod, 1996
ALEXANDER NEVSKY (1220 or 1221 - 1263), Grand Duke> Vladimir from 1252, Prince> Novgorod (1236 - 51), Tver (1247 - 52). Son of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. He inflicted a crushing defeat on the Swedish troops in the Battle of the Neva (1240), for which he was nicknamed "Nevsky". He expelled the Germans from Koporye (autumn 1241) and Pskov (spring 1242). Defeated the German knights in the Battle of the Ice (1242). Rejected the offer of the Pope to accept Catholicism. Skillful policy weakened the hardships of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. The remains of Alexander Nevsky were transferred (1724) from Vladimir to the St. Petersburg Alexander Nevsky Monastery (lavra since 1797).
The name of the warships of the Russian fleet, which at various times were part of it. 1) Battleship of the "Glory of Russia" type, one of a large series of similar 66-gun ships built simultaneously at the shipyards of St. Petersburg and Arkhangelsk. In 1749, after the completion of construction, it became part of the Baltic Fleet. It was built in St. Petersburg under the supervision of the ship's master G.A. Okunev. In 1763, as a result of the explosion of a kruyt-chamber, he died while at the parking lot in Reval (now Tallinn). 2) 66-gun ship of the line. It was completed in 1787. It was built with the participation of the ship's master M.D. Portnova. In 1789, he took part in the fighting of the Baltic Fleet against the Swedish flotilla (at Barezund), supporting the Russian landing with artillery fire. Dismantled in 1814. 3) Frigate of the Black Sea Fleet. It was built in Kherson under the supervision of the ship's master S.I. Afanasiev. Had 50 guns on board. In 1787 he joined the fleet. As part of the forces of the Black Sea Fleet, under the command...
(c. 1220-1263)
holy noble prince (commemorated May 23/June 5, August 30/September 12, November 23/December 6). The greatest commander of Ancient Russia: in the Battle of the Neva with the Swedes (1240) and in the Battle of the Ice with the Teutonic Knights (1242), Russian troops, led by Prince Alexander, defended the northwestern borders of Russia and defended the Russian Orthodox Church from the Catholic crusaders-enslavers. With a skillful policy, he softened the aggressiveness of the Tatars, and in 1261 he achieved the establishment of the diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Golden Horde. In 1263, returning from the Horde, he fell seriously ill, accepted the monastic schema and reposed in the Gorodetsky monastery, not far from Vladimir.
Orthodox Encyclopedic Dictionary. - Moscow. ...
(1221-1263), Prince of Novgorod, Tver, Grand Duke of Vladimir (since 1252), son of Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. He led the Russian troops defending the northwestern borders of Russia from the invasions of Swedish and German feudal lords; skillful policy weakened the hardships of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. He inflicted a crushing defeat on the Swedish feudal lords in the Battle of the Neva in 1240. For this victory he was nicknamed Nevsky. In 1242 he defeated the Crusaders on the ice of Lake Peipus. (Battle on the Ice). In 1256 he made a successful campaign in Finland against the Swedish feudal lords. Canonized by the Russian Church. In memory of A. N.’s victory on the Neva in 1240, Peter I founded the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in St. Petersburg in 1710 (from 1797 Alexander Nevsky ...
Grand Duke of Vladimir and All Russia, 2nd son of Grand Duke Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich, great-grandson of Vladimir Monomakh, b. May 30, 1220; in 1236 he began to reign in Novgorod and immediately decided to curb his main enemies - the Swedes. To this end, he first of all undertook a number of raids on Finland with the Novgorod squad. In vengeance for them, and also prompted by the papal bull, which proclaimed the Novgorodians as allies of the pagans and disobedient to the governor of St. Peter, the Swedes in 1240 undertook a "crusade" against Russia, sending a large army on boats to the Neva under command. Birger. Birger sent A. an arrogant letter: "If you can, resist ...
ALEXANDER NEVSKIY I
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