What was 50 years ago in English. Alcoholism and possible struggle with it

1964 was an eventful year. People made the first attempts to go on space travel beyond the orbit of the Earth. Tokyo hosted the 18th Summer Olympic Games. The Beatles conquered America, race riots in the US swept big cities and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed into law. Boxer Cassius Clay became Muhammad Ali and world champion. In Cyprus, a civil war broke out between the Turks and Greeks, and the war in Vietnam escalated. Also this year there were strong earthquakes in Japan and Alaska.

Let's see together what the world was like 50 years ago.

(Total 50 photos)

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2. Torchbearers head towards the Olympic Stadium as part of the Olympic torch relay in Tokyo, Japan, October 1964.

3. Astronauts John Young, Frank Borman, Neil Armstrong and Dick Slayton during training for survival in the desert in Reno, Nevada, August 13, 1964.

4. Police try to calm a black man during clashes in Rochester, New York, July 1964.

5. John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr and George Harrison at the airport in New York, February 7, 1964. Beatlemania is a term that originated in the 1960s, describing a state of intense, bordering on insanity, love for the Beatles.

6. Aswan hydroelectric complex - the largest integrated hydraulic system of structures in Egypt on the Nile River. High-rise building underway aswan dam, April 1964.

7. Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro in the form of his favorite Oriente team plays baseball in Varadero, July 5, 1964.

9 Bob Dylan plays bass in a restaurant on June 15, 1964. According to a Rolling Stone magazine poll, he is the second (after The Beatles) most important figure in the history of rock music.

10. American attack aircraft Douglas A-1 "Skyrader" bombs Vietnamese territory, December 26, 1964. In 1964, the United States began a full-scale military intervention in Vietnam.

11. Actor Sidney Poitier is photographed with the Oscar statuette, which he received for best actor in the film Lilies of the Field, at the 36th annual Academy Awards in Santa Monica, California, April 13, 1964.

12. People try to find the surviving things among the rubble of buildings after a magnitude 9.2 earthquake on Fourth Avenue in Anchorage, Alaska, March 30, 1964.

13. Protesters near the US naval base in Sasebo, Japan, against the arrival of the American nuclear submarine Sea Dragon November 12, 1964.

14. Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev at an agricultural fair in Moscow, May 28, 1964. Soon the October Plenum of the Central Committee of 1964, organized in the absence of Khrushchev, who was on vacation, would free him from the party and government positions"for health".

15. British actor Peter Sellers and Swedish actress Britt Acklund leave the registry office in Guildford, England, February 19, 1964.

16. World boxing champion Mohammed Ali and black Muslim leader Malcolm X outside the Trans-Lux newsreel theater on Broadway in New York, March 1, 1964. In 1964, boxing champion Cassius Clay adopted a new Muslim name - Muhammad Ali. Considered one of the most famous and recognizable boxers in the history of world boxing.

17. In 1960, Cyprus gained independence, and in the course of negotiations between England, Greece and Turkey, it was divided into two communities - Turkish and Greek. The growing intercommunal tension led to the formation of armed formations that actually fell under the control of Greece and Turkey, respectively. Pictured: Greek Cypriot recruits, February 23, 1964. On March 4, 1964, UN peacekeeping forces arrived on the island, remaining to this day.

18. An armored car of United Nations troops transports Turkish Cypriot women and children from the village of Kokkina to Lefka in connection with heavy fighting in the area, 9 August 1964.

19. Cypriot schoolgirls during an anti-British demonstration in Nicosia, Cyprus, May 29, 1964. The demonstrators are calling for the withdrawal of British troops from UN forces on the island.

20. Rockets fired from a Turkish Air Force plane hit a Cypriot ship during a battle off the coast of Cyprus, August 9, 1964.

21. NASA technician installs electronic equipment into a test dummy for a new space module in Downey, California on October 30, 1964. This electronics dummy was part of the Apollo manned spaceflight program launched in 1961 to carry out the first manned landing on the moon. The dummy was supposed to help predict how astronauts would react to various gravitational forces on their return from the moon.

22. American boxer Sonny Liston (right) vs. Muhammad Ali, Florida, February 25, 1964. Muhammad Ali's two fights against Sonny Liston for the world heavyweight title were among the most anticipated and controversial fights in boxing history. Almost immediately after the first fight, Clay changed his name to Mohammed Ali.

23. The body of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru is carried to a funeral pyre on the banks of the Jumna River in New Delhi, India, May 29, 1964.

25. Chinese communist leader Mao Zedong examines a rifle during a visit to a military exhibition in Beijing, June 1964.

26. Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Sandy Koufax on a baseball field in San Francisco, California, June 26, 1964.

27. Afghans in the market in Kabul, May 1964.

28. Ernesto Che Guevara - famous Latin American revolutionary, commander of the 1959 Cuban Revolution. He used the nickname Che to emphasize his Argentine origin. This revolutionary played an important role in the development of Soviet-Cuban relations. The picture was taken in 1964.

29. Sir Malcolm Campbell broke the world speed record nine times in various Bluebird cars. His son, Donald, continued the tradition and broke the 400 mph barrier in a Bluebird. In 1964, Donald Campbell set a record - 648 km / h - and was officially listed as the fastest racer on the planet.

30. Nigerians surrounded the car of world boxing champion Muhammad Ali, heading to the hotel from the airport in Lagos, June 1, 1964.

31. Soldiers of the Vietnamese government troops try to get to speak a woman who is suspected of having links with the Viet Cong in the Mekong Delta of South Vietnam, July 14, 1964.

32. Inspector Bill Olsen checks the rides before the start of the summer season at Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York, 1964.

33. Bomber XB-70A "Valkyrie" takes off from Edwards Air Force Base, California, October 6, 1964. The North American XB-70 "Valkyrie" (XB-70 Valkyrie) was conceived by the United States as a high-altitude bomber that was supposed to fly at a speed of 3 times the speed of sound. In total, two aircraft were built, which carried out test flights in the 1960s. The USSR was greatly concerned about the development in the United States of a supersonic strategic bomber with an intercontinental range. Supersonic speed, stratospheric altitude (up to 30,000 meters) made this aircraft practically inaccessible to Soviet air defense.

34. Victims of a 7.6-magnitude earthquake walk along a flooded street in Niigata, Japan, June 16, 1964.

35. American astronaut Captain William A. Anders practices orbital flight skills in Grande Prairie, near Dallas, Texas, July 24, 1964.

36. Arch under construction in downtown St. Louis on June 17, 1964. The arch was opened four years later, on May 25, 1968.

37. Soldiers walk past the bodies of members of the Lumpa church after they were attacked by residents of Senga in Northern Rhodesia, Zambia, August 12, 1964.

38. 36th Vice President and 37th US President Richard Nixon demonstrates his badminton skills to children during his visit to Hong Kong, April 4, 1964.

39. Senior officers of the United States and Canada during the construction of the center of the attack warning system in North America, in Cheyenne Mountain in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, June 4, 1964.

40. Vietnamese soldiers stand in front of a building where a meeting is being held about the war during a demonstration in Saigon, August 27, 1964.

43. An explosion resulting from an accident during a race at Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Indiana, May 30, 1964. Two riders died in this incident.

44. US Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy is surrounded by journalists and supporters after the passage of the Democratic candidate for the US Senate. New York, September 1, 1964.

45. The tunnel under the former bakery used for the mass escape of 57 people from East Berlin, on Bernauer Strasse, West Berlin, October 1964.

48. John Gideon Okello is appointed President of Zanzibar after the overthrow of Sultan Jamshid ibn Abdullah, January 12, 1964.

49. Artist Norman Rockwell talks with astronauts John Young and Virgil Grissom at Cape Kennedy in Florida, September 30, 1964.

50. Fountain of the Continents at the New York World's Fair in 1964.

100 years ago

Alcoholism and possible struggle with it

It turns out that in 1895, 22,431,432 buckets of anhydrous alcohol were drunk in European Russia. If we translate this into vodka with a strength of 40 o (although in the villages vodka is usually diluted and sold no higher than 30 o), then we get that more than 56 million buckets of vodka have been drunk in European Russia alone, excluding Finland, the Caucasus and Siberia. Assuming that the total population here is 100 million, that the proportion between women and men is equal, and that among men the number of people under 20 years old is 50%, we get that every man over the age of 20 drinks more than 2 buckets of vodka a year, not counting wine. and beer, as well as the fact that to this day in many places in Russia, despite the formal prohibition, beer and home brew are freely brewed.

With regard to measures to combat drunkenness, we need to follow the example of Finland. Firstly, in Finland, entering a tavern, no one can drink more than one glass of vodka and two bottles of beer at a time, and vodka is served only with a snack together. To get the right to drink a second glass of vodka, you need to refresh yourself with a walk on the street, and the question of whether the visitor has refreshed himself enough is left to the discretion of the saleswoman. Secondly, no more than 4 bottles are sold for takeaway.

The tail of a pig as an indicator of its health

If the pig feels unwell, if the food is not to her liking, then her tail begins to straighten and takes a horizontal position. The weaker and frailer an animal becomes, the weaker and flabbier its tail becomes.

In a pig in a normal state, the tail is in the form of a curl and indicates that there is nothing to fear for its health. The tail in the form of a double curl serves as an undoubted proof of the unconditional and impeccable health of the animal.

The benefits of electric lighting

Recently, electric lighting has brought tremendous benefits in saving people. The Klyazma River, with its spring flood, unusual this year, has caused a lot of disasters. Not only peasant huts, but also two-story buildings near the town of Orekhov were washed away and completely destroyed. The rescue of the perished was undertaken by specially organized teams, but the onset of darkness almost stopped the help.

Fortunately, on the right bank of the Klyazma is the factory of S. T. Morozov, which has electric lighting. The owner of the factory immediately ordered several arc lamps to be hung along the shore and a small searchlight to be installed. The place of the flood was illuminated all night as during the day, and the beams of the searchlight searched the flood of the raging river for a long distance. As a result, everyone was saved and even part of the property.

50 years ago

Advanced biologists against Mendelism

The August session of VASKhNIL finally exposed the reactionary essence of Weismannism (Mendelism-Morganism), again and again showed its complete bankruptcy both in theory and in practice, and put an end to this metaphysical-idealistic trend in our biological science. From now on, Michurin's doctrine reigns supreme in our country.

Academician T. D. Lysenko defended the Michurin doctrine in the many years of struggle against the Mendelists-Morganists and enriched it with new major scientific discoveries, which were included in the golden fund of advanced Soviet science. The Weismann-Mendelian-Morgan trend in biology is an anti-people, pseudo-scientific and harmful doctrine, it disarms practice, orienting a person to humility before the supposedly eternal laws of nature, to passivity, to aimless "treasure hunting" and the expectation of happy accidents. Mendelian-Morganov's pseudoscience, as is known, was cultivated in our country for about 50 years by a certain group of scientists, until it was utterly defeated by representatives of Michurin's materialistic biology.

Weisman (Mendel-Morgan) genetics is the brainchild of bourgeois society. The latter does not benefit from the recognition of the theory of development, from which, in relation to community development the inevitability of the collapse of the bourgeoisie follows. This theory is revolutionizing the working masses. Bourgeois society prefers the "theory" of the immutability of the old, of the emergence of the new only on the basis of the recombination of the old, on the basis of chance. That is why Mendelian genetics has enjoyed and enjoys such honor in bourgeois countries.

50 years ago, people did not have computers, iPhones and smartphones. Instead of the Internet, people had to spend a lot of time in libraries looking for the right book, and the books themselves were printed using printing presses. Instead of modern telephones, people used a telephone set. Instead of modern robots with machine tools, people had to work more. Instead of music centers, people used reel-to-reel recordings. There were few televisions and they were controlled manually. Most of the electrical appliances that are used in the kitchen were missing, such as a microwave oven, a toaster, an electric kettle. There were no modern washing machines; people washed by hand on a washboard with laundry soap. There were no disposable items for caring for people, such as diapers, syringes, cotton buds. And so 50 years ago, life was laborious, because people did everything with their own hands.

50 years ago, people did not have computers, iPhones and smartphones. Instead of the Internet, people had to spend a lot of time in libraries looking for the right book, and the books themselves were printed using printing presses. Instead of modern telephones, people used a telephone set. Instead of modern robots with machine tools, people had to work more. Instead of music centers, people used reel-to-reel recordings. There were few televisions and they were controlled manually. Most of the electrical appliances that are used in the kitchen were missing, such as a microwave oven, a toaster, an electric kettle. There were no modern washing machines; people washed by hand on a washboard with laundry soap. There were no disposable items for caring for people, such as diapers, syringes, cotton buds. And so 50 years ago, life was laborious, because people did everything with their own hands.

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50 years ago, people didn't have computers, iPhones and Smartphones. Instead of the Internet people had to spend a lot of time in libraries looking for the book, and the books were printed using the printing presses. Instead of the modern phones people have used a telephone. Instead of modern robots with machines more familiar to people. Instead of the musical centers, people have used recording magazine. TV was small and they were driven by hand. Most electrical devices which are used in the kitchen lacked such as microwave, Toaster, electric kettle. doing all their own hands.

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50 years ago people did not have computers, iPhones and smartphones. Instead of the Internet, people had to spend a lot of time in libraries looking for the right book, and the book itself is printed using printing presses. Instead, today's phones, people have used the telephone. Instead, today's robots with machine tools more about the human condition. Instead Stereo people used Bobbin coil forms recording. TV was small and they were controlled manually. Most appliances are used in the kitchen for example, no microwave, toaster, electric kettle. There was no modern washing machines people washed by hand on a washboard with soap. For the care of people did not have to use such items as single diapers, syringes, cotton swabs. And so 50 years ago, life was difficult because the people did all their own hands.

The break was caused, in large part, by reconceptualization. The fact is that since 1938, color photography has become so widespread that it is impossible to fit the material within the framework of one post for each year. Initially, the idea was purely comparative: to imagine life in different countries simultaneously, to compare the pictures of the streets, the appearance of people. In the previous series I had to divide several times the material into two parts "USSR in such and such a year" and "The rest of the world". But now, for the period since 1938, "event" posts will become the main ones, something like the Parfyonov series "Our Era", inspired, in turn, by the American project "Remember Those Years". Separately (sometimes in parallel) there will be weather posts comparing "street life", where the main focus will still be on comparing transport and street infrastructure. Material on the 20th century has already been collected by 90 percent. The third line of weather posts will be devoted to comparing the appearance and lifestyle of people. Actually, I already wrote about this a year ago. I have not yet finally decided whether the hotel posts "USSR in such and such a year will be in color." Until 1938, due to the limited amount of photographic material, there will be approximately the same format, but still the series about "street life" will still go separately (due to the addition of black-and-white and colorized photographs).

So today is 1964. How did the world live exactly half a century ago?
The year as a whole was positive and relatively peaceful, but marked by a number of turning points. This is the beginning of the Vietnam War and the great turmoil, fortuitously called the "Cultural Revolution" in China. Paradoxically, it was in 1964, on the eve of plunging into chaos, that China received its own nuclear weapons and thus finally established itself in the status of the fifth Great Power.
But the most notable event of 1964 was the top coup in the USSR, behind which was a change of eras. Equally 50 years ago, on October 14, 1964, the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU released N.S. Khrushchev from the duties of the 1st Secretary of the Central Committee and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
All the previous months of that year, Nikita Sergeevich was busy with stormy activity, not suspecting what plans the comrades standing behind him were building.
They smile so sweetly in this picture from April 8, 1964 (by Pieter Dieter):

One of the accusations thrown at Khrushchev at the October plenum was too many trips abroad. He really loved to "travel" around the world.

May visit to Egypt:


Of course, Khrushchev did not fly to Egypt to sunbathe, and not even to present Nasser with the star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. At that time, we had a flourishing military-technical and economic cooperation with this Arab republic, a symbol of which was the participation of Soviet specialists in the construction of a new "Miracle on the Nile".

The construction of the high-rise Aswan dam is underway, April 1964:

But Khrushchev is already in Denmark:

One of the symbols of the ended Khrushchev's reign was the famous corn epic - a campaign to introduce this plant in the vast expanses of the USSR, which had powerful information support.

Frenchman Jacques Dupaquier captured this poster in Ukraine during his rally across the USSR in 1964:

America greeted 1964 with great hopes, but not yet recovered from the deep shock caused by the assassination of President Kennedy in November 63rd.

And about. President Lyndon Johnson was elected as the new head of state this year.

Johnson in California, 1964:

The new president will launch into the Vietnam War, which his predecessor so resisted. The occasion will be the infamous Tonkin incident.
More precisely, there were two of them, on August 2 and 4, 1964.
This picture was taken in the Gulf of Tonkin just between them, on August 3:

Americans will also remember the 64th earthquake in Alaska. This is what it looked like in Anchorage:

As already mentioned, in 1964, a campaign called the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" began in the PRC, which will soon result in the defeat of the old party cadres by detachments of the so-called. Red Guards and at the peak will turn into a real civil war with the use (in a number of places) of tanks and artillery. Pictures of this bacchanalia will be in a post about 1966.
Having completely severed relations with the USSR in 1963, Red China remained in almost complete geopolitical isolation. His only ally in Europe was little Albania, which quarreled with Moscow back in 1958.
In 1964, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai paid a friendship visit to Tirana:

A great friend of the Soviet people, one of the founding fathers of the Non-Aligned Movement, died in India.
The body of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru is carried to a funeral pyre on the banks of the Jumna River in New Delhi, India on May 29, 1964:

In Brazil, in 1964, a military coup took place, as a result of which the present reformist Joao Goulart was overthrown and a military-police dictatorship was established in the country until 1985. However, this did not stop people from having fun at the famous carnival in Rio:

Carnival outfits became more and more bold:


(both shots by Willy Rizzo)

The year 1964 is unimaginable without the Tokyo Olympics. It was not just a major sporting event, but the presentation to the world of a new economic superpower that was rapidly rising from post-war ruins to what would later be called the "Japanese economic miracle."
Torchbearers head towards the Olympic Stadium as part of the Olympic torch relay in Tokyo, Japan, October 1964:

For the games, the architect Kenzo Tange built a modernist stadium in Tokyo, which will soon be recorded among the "masterpieces of architecture of the 20th century":

The imagination of the guests who arrived at the games was also struck by the Shinkansen high-speed train.
The first line with 17 stations, 515 km long, which the train covered in two and a half hours, was opened between Osaka and Tokyo in October 1964, just in time for the Olympics:

Since we have touched on the topic of technological progress, it is impossible not to recall the 1964 New York World's Fair:

The USSR of 1964 showed good rates of technical progress. A new car "Moskvich-408" was launched on the market, which was not inferior in design to the best European images of that time and was in demand even among Western European buyers:

For comparison, you can bring another hit of the 1964 season - Nissan Cedric 1900:

And the Czechoslovaks came out with a new Skoda 1000MB:

Well, in America, motorization had already reached its climax by that time, and large cities were covered with a web of multi-level interchanges.
The view of Manhattan in 1964 is like hello to Moscow in 2014:

In general, the 1960s are characterized by a rapid increase in wealth in the countries of the West, the USSR, Eastern Europe and the "new industrial states." It was the time of the birth of what would later be called the "consumer society".
Giant supermarkets became its symbol.
Here is one of these giants in American Rockville in 1964:

The main cultural event of the year was the triumph of the Beatles. The whole world was gripped by "Beatlemania" after the famous tour of the Liverpool Four in the USA in February 64:

The French in 1964 shot the first film from the cult series about Angelique, "Marquise of Angels", in which the charming Michel Mercier debuted:


In the USSR, the show of the series began at the end of 1968, and immediately from the third film "Angelica and the King". A year later, the first film "Angelica - Marquis of Angels" appeared at the box office.

In the same year, the first film of the equally famous (including in the USSR) series about Fantomas with Jean Mare and Louis de Funes in the lead roles was released in France:

Fantomas (French Fantômas, phantom man) is a fictional character, a brilliant criminal who hides his face, one of the most famous anti-heroes in French literature and cinema. As a character Fantomas was created by French writers Marcel Allen and Pierre Souvestre in 1911. Fantômas appears in 32 novels co-written by Allen and Souvestre and 11 novels written by Allen after Souvestre's death.

And Italy has reached the pinnacle of its flourishing film star Sophia Loren. This is what she looked like in 1964:

And Singapore in 1964 was still ahead:

Of course, this is only a little that can be told and shown about that unforgettable year.