How to turn on WiFi on a laptop yourself: a detailed guide. Wi-Fi connection on phones and smartphones

Insert an internet cable into the WAN (or Internet) port of your router (aka router).

Connect the router to the computer: insert one end of the network cable into any of the LAN ports of the router, and the other end into the PC network card connector. Instead of a cable, you can use a wireless connection, but it is better not to do this during the setup phase.

Plug the router into an outlet. If your device has a power button, press it. Then wait one or two minutes for the router to boot up.

2. Check the internet

If your router was pre-configured by the provider or received the settings in automatic mode, then the Internet can work in a few seconds after connecting the router to the PC.

To check, launch a browser and try opening several sites. If there are no problems accessing web resources, you can skip the fourth paragraph of the article.

In the address bar of your browser, enter 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.0.1 and press Enter. One of these IP addresses should lead to the router's settings menu. If both options do not work, find the correct IP address in the documentation for your router model and try entering it.

When the settings login page appears in the browser window, the system may request a username and password. Most often, during the initial connection, one word is suitable for both fields - admin. Less often, router manufacturers use a combination as a standard password. 1234 .

If necessary, you can find the login information in the instructions for the router or on the provider's website. Well, or try an alternative.

4. Set up an internet connection

If the Internet is still not working, the router needs special settings. Which parameters you need depends on the specific device model and Internet service provider. There is no universal configuration. To get the instructions you need, check the provider's website or request it from the support service.

Once you've got a setup guide for your model, follow its prompts. If in the process you set up both an Internet connection and a home Wi-Fi network, you can skip the fifth paragraph of the article.

To Wi-Fi, it is important to choose the right security settings.

In the settings menu, find the section responsible for the wireless network (see the documentation for your router model). Here, be sure to set a strong password (you will need it to connect your devices to the router via Wi-Fi) and select WPA2-PSK as a means of protection.

6. Change the password to enter the router settings

Just in case, it is better to restrict outsiders' access to the router's settings menu. If the router is still protected by the default password, replace it with your own.

Find the settings section that is responsible for the security (see the documentation for your router model) of the device, and enter a new strong password here. Save your changes.

If your computer has a Wi-Fi module, after completing the settings, the network cable can be pulled out of the PC and connected to the router via a wireless connection.

7. Install the router in the optimal location

Ideally, the router is in the center of the zone in which you use Wi-Fi. Thus, the signal will be equally available to all connected devices.

The fewer walls, furniture, and other obstacles between the receiver device and the router, the better the wireless network works.

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In this article, we will analyze such a question - how to set up wifi windows 7. The setup process itself requires special knowledge of a personal computer.

№	Name:	Description:
1	Setting up the wired internet wizard	190 thousand Bel. rub. with departure, this is the final price, do not believe? Check it out!(yes, it’s not more than 190 thousand Belarusian rubles for all services, why ask so cheaply? Our service strives to make computer assistance services the most accessible (ideally free, tell me, it can’t be, but we can argue that to make sure of this, follow our news in social groups. Plus, a prerequisite for us is registration on the site and joining our social groups, by doing this, you help us develop and over time we will make our services even more accessible!)
2	Wireless Internet Wizard Setup - Wi-Fi	Also, no more than 190 thousand Bel. rub.(creating a wi-fi point, setting up and checking operation)
3	Solving other issues in the field of the Internet and networks	The cost is negotiated individually

So, let's begin.

Introduction to wifi setup

In addition to the device itself with wi-fi, to access the Internet via wi-fi, there must be an access point. It's just that Wi-Fi itself is a wireless network for data transfer, by itself it does not provide access to the Internet.

So, for starters, we need to take care of the availability of an Internet access point, to which we will connect through our wi-fi connection.

How are things with setting up wi-fi in public places?

If you are in a public place, then the access point should already be easier, for example, in some cafe or library. You just have to connect to it. You can do this if you ask the administrator of this institution if there is an Internet connection here.

What do you need to do at home to set up wi-fi?

If you are at home, then you need a modem router with support for a wi-fi connection (such an H201L / H208L prom connection, such an mt pon at 4 prom connection or another). Let's say that everything is there, it remains only to connect directly to the wi-fi network.

And so we press "Start" - "Control Panel":

On the new page, go to the line "Network and Internet":

In this window, go to the "Network and Sharing Center":

We have opened the main window about the network connection settings. Here we can configure and change all network connections such as a simple LAN or wi-fi connection. In our case, we go to the "Change adapter settings" submenu in the left column of this window.

In the window that appears, there is a label "Wireless Network Connection". Right-click on it and select Connect/Disconnect. So we turned on the search for available wi-fi networks.

Now in this window you need to select the desired wi-fi network. All these networks have their own name. So, choose either your home to which you gave the name, or choose a public network whose name you also know.

Why choose only a well-known one, but because usually a password is required to enter, which you know either from your network, or it is a public network and there is no password on it, usually there is no password in cafes, libraries, McDonald's and other mass public places.

And so, with the left mouse button, we click from the list of networks on the one you need, in our case it is called “berlazar”:

After that “connection”, the connection will begin and after a couple of seconds you will be prompted to enter a password (if any). Enter the password you have. Click Ok. And after a couple of seconds you will connect to the Internet via a wi-fi connection.

If everything is done correctly and the connection was successful, then you will notice the word "Connected".

Advantages of a wireless wi-fi connection

Of course, an important feature and at the same time a big plus of such a connection is that you do not have to sit in one place (if you work on a laptop or other portable device), but you can easily move, for example, to another room. The range of the wi-fi network from the point of connection to the Internet is somewhere up to 100m (but this is without barriers, such as walls, and it’s really about 10 meters).

But this distance depends on various partitions, walls and other physical obstacles. So, you can experiment with the connection range.

This is how, in general, the question of how to set up wifi on windows 7 is easily solved, if you have any difficulties, then we will help you, our masters will set up the connection quickly and inexpensively.

When all the components for connecting to the Internet have already been purchased, you can begin to connect. So, setting up a wi-fi wireless network depends on the main device, represented by a personal computer, laptop. Setting up the World Wide Web directly depends on the operating system of a personal computer.

Any wi-fi camera for Windows is also launched, after taking into account the features of the equipment provided. The system selected by the user must have a window in which a special network connection management item is displayed.

If you need to establish a wireless connection in Windows xp, then you should consider the difference between the current product of the computer companies and previous versions.

Setting up a wireless wi-fi network in Windows xp is considered more complicated than in windows 7.

windows xp. First, the user must select the "Network Connections" option from the "Start" menu of the control panel. Then find "wireless connection" and click on it. After enabling this command, communication is established, but you should view the available wireless networks by selecting the appropriate item.

In order for the main device to work in a given direction, "Change network preference order" is required. When a new window appears, you can already put a marker next to "Use Windows to configure the network" and click on "Advanced". Next, you will again have to return to "Change network preference order" and uncheck "Key provided automatically". Then the network details are entered, and OK is pressed to confirm.

Wireless network access for Windows 7

Setting up a wireless wi-fi network in Windows 7 begins with the "Control Panel", in which "Advanced system settings" are selected.

Then go to the "Computer Name" tab and click the "Change" option.
After this action, a window appears on the monitor with the names of the computer or domain. The personal work device itself must have a unique name. If this name had to be changed, a restart of the computer is required.

Setting options for Internet connection in Windows 7

Next, click on the wired connection icon, which is located on the lower right side of the monitor. This is where the "Network and Sharing Center" appears. It must be selected by pressing the confirmation key. From the list that appears, select the "Add" option and create a "Computer-computer" network. To continue click "Next".

In the fields with names and network parameters, enter data if necessary. Then confirm the action and turn on Internet connection sharing. The windows 7 wi-fi wireless network will start working immediately after clicking "Close".

Connecting Windows 8 to WiFi

Initially installed settings on personal computers or laptops do not always allow you to connect to a wireless network without problems. After all, the windows 8 operating system may not see the wireless adapter, although it is always present.

Setting up a wireless wi-fi network in Windows 8 usually starts by clicking the division icon with an asterisk. After that, a list of suggested wireless networks appears on the monitor. One of them should be selected by typing the required security code. The above action is confirmed with the "Next" button.

When it comes to your home network, it's best to choose shared. When connected normally, the asterisk next to the division icon disappears and the reception level begins to be displayed.

Implementation of Wireless Reception by the Tenth Version

Operating system Windows 10 differs from previous versions in additional settings that include the use of touch screens. It also automatically updates the necessary drivers. Because of this additional feature, setting up a wireless wi-fi network in Windows 10 is not too difficult. The user just needs to click on the icon in the lower right corner of the monitor and decide on the available network.

WiFi connection on Windows 10

It is also possible to automatically select a connection by checking the box next to the corresponding item. If the wi-fi adapter is not connected, then on the considered marker with divisions, instead of an asterisk, a cross is displayed. This is easy to fix by pressing a specific button.

Most often, the wireless network is protected by a password, which must be entered in the window that appears upon connection and confirmed.

On modern computers and laptops, there is already a built-in special radio receiver responsible for sending and receiving information at a distance without the use of wires. For this reason, wi-fi connection settings occur without much difficulty.

System administration

• recovery mode

Introduction

I think I won’t be mistaken if most of us have an Internet connection like this: there is some fairly high-speed wired channel to the apartment (now gigabit is not uncommon), and in the apartment it is met by a router that distributes this Internet to clients, giving them "black" ip and performing address translation.

Quite often, a strange situation is observed: with a high-speed wire, a very narrow wifi channel is heard from the router, which does not load even half of the wire. At the same time, although formally Wi-Fi, especially in its ac version, supports some huge speeds, when checking, it turns out that either Wi-Fi connects at a lower speed, or connects, but does not give out speed in practice, or loses packets, or all together.

At some point, I also encountered a similar problem, and decided to set up my Wi-Fi in a human way. Surprisingly, it took about 40 times longer than I expected. In addition, it somehow happened that all the Wi-Fi setup instructions that I found converged to one of two types: the first suggested putting the router higher and straightening the antenna, while reading the second, I lacked an honest understanding of spatial multiplexing algorithms .

Actually, this note is an attempt to fill a gap in the instructions. I will say right away that the task has not been fully resolved, despite decent progress, the connection stability could still be better, so I would be glad to hear the comments of colleagues on the described topic.

Chapter 1:

So the problem statement

The Wifi router offered by the provider has ceased to cope with its duties: there are long (30 seconds or more) periods when the ping to the access point does not pass, very long (about an hour) periods are observed when the ping to the access point reaches 3500 ms, there are long periods when the connection speed with the access point does not exceed 200 kbps.

Scanning the range using the inSSIDer windows utility produces the picture presented at the beginning of the article. There are 44 Wifi SSIDs in the 2.4 GHz band and one network in the 5.2 GHz band in the district.

Solution Tools

Celeron 430 self-assembly computer, 2b Ram, SSD, fanless, two wireless network cards based on Ralink rt2800pci chip, Slackware Linux 14.2, Hostapd from Git as of September 2016.

Assembling the router is beyond the scope of this post, although I note that the Celeron 430 performs well in fanless mode. I note that the current configuration is the latest, but not final. Perhaps there are still improvements to be made.

Decision

In fact, the solution would, in a good way, be to run hostapd with minimal configuration changes. However, experience confirmed the truth of the saying “it was smooth on paper, but forgot about the ravines” so well that it took the writing of this article to systematize knowledge about all the non-obvious details. Also, I initially would like to avoid low-level details for the sake of harmony of presentation, but it turned out that this is impossible.

Chapter 2

A bit of theory

Frequencies

Wi-Fi is a standard for wireless networks. From the point of view of OSI L2, the access point implements a switch type hub, but most often it is also combined with an OSI L3 switch of the “router” type, which leads to a fair amount of confusion.

We will be most interested in the OSI L1 level, that is, in fact, the environment in which the packets go.

Wi-Fi is a radio system. As you know, a radio system consists of a receiver and a transmitter. In Wi-Fi, the access point and the client device perform both roles in turn.

The Wi-Fi transmitter operates on a certain frequency. These frequencies are numbered, and each number corresponds to a certain frequency. Important: despite the fact that for any integer there is a theoretical correspondence to this number of a certain frequency, Wi-Fi can only work in limited frequency bands (there are three of them, 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz, 5.7 GHz), and only on some of the numbers.

A complete list of correspondences can be found in Wikipedia, but it is important for us that when setting up an access point, you need to specify which channel the carrier frequency of our signal will be on.

An obscure detail: not all Wi-Fi standards support all frequencies.

There are two Wi-Fi standards: a and b. "a" is older and operates in the 5GHz band, "b" is newer and operates in the 2.4GHz band. At the same time, b is slower (11 mbit instead of 54 mbit, that is, 1.2 megabytes per second instead of 7 megabytes per second), and the 2.4 GHz band already accommodates fewer stations. Why this is so is a mystery. It is doubly a mystery why there are practically no standard access points in nature.

(Image borrowed from Wikipedia.)

(Actually, I'm being a little disingenuous, because a also supports the 3.7 GHz frequency band. However, I haven't seen a single device that knows anything about this band.)

Wait, you ask, but there are also 802.11g, n, ac - standards, and they seem to just beat the unfortunate a and b in speed.

But no, I will answer you. The g standard is a belated attempt to bring speed b to speed a, in the 2.4 GHz band. But why, you answer me, did you even remember about b? The answer is because even though the ranges of both b and g are called 2.4, they are actually slightly different, and the range of b is one channel longer.

The standards n and ac have nothing to do with ranges at all - they regulate the speed, and nothing more. Standard point n can be either "in the base" a (and operate at 5 GHz), or "in the base" b and operate at 2.4 GHz. I don’t know about the ac standard point, because I haven’t seen it.

That is, when you buy an access point n, you need to look very carefully at what ranges this n works in.

It is important that at one time one Wi-Fi chip can only work in one range. If your access point claims that it can work in two at the same time, as, for example, free routers from popular providers Virgin or British Telecom do, then it actually has two chips.

Channel Width

Actually, I have to apologize because I said earlier that one range is longer than another without explaining what "longer" is. Generally speaking, not only the carrier frequency is important for signal transmission, but also the width of the coded stream. Width - this is what frequencies above and below the carrier the existing signal can climb. Usually (and fortunately in Wi-Fi), the channels are symmetrical, centered on the carrier.

So in Wi-Fi there can be channels with a width of 10, 20, 22, 40, 80 and 160 MHz. At the same time, I have never seen access points with a channel width of 10 MHz.

So, one of the most amazing properties of Wi-Fi is that despite the fact that the channels are numbered, they intersect. And not only with neighbors, but even with channels through 3 from yourself. In other words, in the 2.4 GHz band, only access points operating on channels 1, 6, and 11 do not intersect with 20 MHz streams. In other words, only three access points can work side by side so as not to interfere with each other.

What is an access point with a channel width of 40 MHz? The answer is - and this is an access point that occupies two channels (non-overlapping).

Question: and how many channels with a width of 80 and 160 MHz fit in the 2.4 GHz band?

Answer: No one.

The question is, what affects the width of the channel? I do not know the exact answer to this question, I could not check it.

I know that if the network intersects with other networks, the connection stability will be worse. Channel width of 40 MHz gives more crossovers and worse connection. According to the standard, if there are other working access points around the point, the 40 MHz mode should not be enabled.

Is it true that twice the channel width gives twice the bandwidth?
It seems to be, but it is impossible to verify.

Question: If my access point has three antennas, is it true that it can create three spatial streams and triple the connection speed?

Answer: unknown. It may turn out that out of the three antennas, two can only send, but not receive packets. And the signal speed will be asymmetrical.

Question: So how many megabits does one antenna give?

Answer: You can see here en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11n-2009#Data_rates
The list is strange and non-linear.

Obviously, the most important parameter is the MCS index, which determines the speed.

Question: Where do these strange speeds come from?

Answer: There is such a thing as HT Capabilities. These are optional chips that can slightly correct the signal. Chips are very useful: SHORT-GI adds a little speed, about 20 Mbps, LDPC, RX STBC, TX STBC add stability (that is, they should reduce ping and packet loss). However, your hardware may simply not support them and still be quite “honest” 802.11n.

Signal strength

The easiest way to deal with poor communications is to fry more power into the transmitter. Wi-Fi has a transmission power of up to 30 dBm.

Chapter 3

The solution of the problem

From all of the above vinaigrette, it would seem that the following conclusion can be drawn: Wi-Fi can implement two “modes” of functioning. “Improving speed” and “Improving quality”.

The first, it would seem, should say: take the most unoccupied channel, channel width 40 MHz, more antennas (preferably 4), and add more Capabilities.

Second - remove everything except the basic n-mode, turn on more power, and turn on those Capabilities that add stability.

Recalling once again the proverb about ravines, we will describe what kind of uneven terrain awaits us when trying to implement plans 1 and 2.

Ravine zero

Although the Ralink rt2x00 family chipsets are the most popular n-compatible chipsets and are found both in high-end (Cisco) and low-end (TRENDNET) cards, and moreover, they look exactly the same in lspci, they can have radically different functionality, in particular, support only the 2.4 band, only the 5GHz band, or support incomprehensibly limited parts of both bands. What is the difference is a mystery. It's also a mystery why a card with three antennas only supports Rx STBC in two streams. And why don't they both support LDPC.

First ravine

There are only three non-overlapping channels in the 2.4 band. We have already spoken on this topic and I will not repeat myself.

Second ravine

Not all channels allow you to increase the channel width to 40 MHz, moreover, what channel width the card agrees to depends on the card chipset, card manufacturer, processor load and weather on Mars.

The third and largest ravine

Regulatory domain

If the fact that the Wi-Fi standards themselves are a noble vinaigrette was not enough for you to be happy, then rejoice that every country in the world seeks to infringe and restrict Wi-Fi in all sorts of different ways. In the UK, things are still not so bad, unlike, say, the USA, where the Wi-Fi spectrum is regulated to the point of impossibility.

So, the regulatory domain may require restrictions on the power of the transmitter, on the ability to launch an access point on the channel, on acceptable modulation technologies on the channel, and also require some “spectrum pacification” technologies, such as DFS(dynamic frequency selection), radar detection (which each regdomain has its own, say, in the Americas almost everywhere offered by the FCC, in Europe it’s different, ETSI), or auto-bw (I don’t know what it is). At the same time, with many of them, the access point does not start.

Many regulatory domains simply ban certain frequencies altogether.

You can set the regulatory domain with the command:

Iw reg set NAME
The regulatory domain can be omitted, but then the system will be guided by the union of all restrictions, that is, the worst possible option.

Fortunately, firstly, data on regulatory domains is publicly available on the core website:

And you can search for them. In principle, it is probably possible to patch the kernel so that it ignores the regulatory domain, but this would require rebuilding the kernel, or at least the crda regulatory daemon.

Fortunately, the iw phy info command displays all the capabilities of our device, taking into account (!) the regulatory domain.

So, how do we fix the state of our Wi-Fi?

First, let's find a country in which Channel 13 is not banned. A path of at least half the frequency will be empty. Well, there are quite a few such countries, although some, without prohibiting it in principle, however, prohibit either the high speed mode n on it, or the creation of an access point in general.

But one channel 13 is not enough for us - because we want a larger signal-to-noise ratio, which means we want to launch a point with a signal strength of 30. We are looking for-looking in CRDA, (2402 - 2482 @ 40), (30) 13 channel, width 40 MHz, signal strength 30. There is such a country, New Zealand.

But what is it, at 5 GHz, DFS is required. In general, this is theoretically a supported configuration, but for some reason it does not work.

An optional task that can be completed by people with advanced social skills:

Gather signatures / movement in support of accelerated relicensing of Wi-Fi bands in the ITU (well, or at least in your country) in general towards expansion. This is quite real, some deputies (and candidates for deputies), thirsting for political points, will be happy to help you.

This is ravine number 4

The access point may not start with DFS, without explanation. So, which regulatory domain should we choose?

There is one! The freest country in the world, Venezuela. Its regulatory domain is VE.

A full 13 channels of the 2.4 band, with a power of 30 dBm, and a relatively relaxed 5 GHz band.

Asterisk challenge. If you have a complete disaster in your apartment, even worse than mine, there is a separate, bonus level for you.

Regulatory domain "JP", Japan, allows you to do a unique thing: run an access point on the mythical channel 14. True, only in mode b. (Remember, I said that there are still small differences between b and g?) So if everything is really bad for you, then channel 14 can be a salvation. But then again, it is physically supported by a few client devices and access points. Yes, and the maximum speed of 11 Mbps is somewhat discouraging.

Copy /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf into two files, hostapd.conf.trendnet24 and hostapd.conf.cisco57

We trivially edit /etc/rc.d/rc.hostapd to run two copies of hostapd.

In the first one, we indicate channel 13. True, we indicate the signal width of 20 MHz (capability 40-INTOLERANT), because, firstly, this way we will be theoretically more stable, and secondly, “law-abiding” access points simply will not start at 40 MHz from -because of the clogged range. Set capability TX-STBC, RX-STBC12. We cry that capabilities LDPC, RX-STBC123 are not supported, and SHORT-GI-40 and SHORT-GI-20, although they are supported and slightly improve speed, but also slightly reduce stability, which means we remove them.

True, for amateurs, you can patch hostapd so that the force_ht40 option appears, but in my case it makes no sense.

If you are in a strange situation when access points turn on and off, then for special gourmets you can rebuild hostapd with the ACS_SURVEY option, and then the point itself will first scan the range and select the least “noisy” channel. Moreover, in theory, it should even be able to move at will from one channel to another. However, this option did not help me, alas :-(.

So, our two points in one case are ready, we start the service:

/etc/rc.d/rc.hostapd start
The points are starting successfully, but ...

But the one that works on the 5.7 range is not visible from the tablet. What the hell is this?

Ravine number 5

The damned regulatory domain works not only on the access point, but also on the receiving device.

In particular, my Microsoft Surface Pro 3, although made for the European market, basically does not support the 5.7 band. I had to switch to 5.2, but then at least the 40 MHz mode started up.

Ravine number 6

Everything started up. The points started, 2.4 shows a speed of 130 Mbps (would be SHORT-GI, it would be 144.4). Why a card with three antennas only supports 2 spatial streams is a mystery.

Ravine number 7

It started up, and sometimes the ping jumps up to 200, and that's it.

And the secret is not at all hidden in the access point. The fact is that according to Microsoft rules, Wi-Fi card drivers themselves must contain software for finding networks and connecting to them. It's like in the good old days, when a 56k modem had to have a dialer with it (which we all changed to Shiva, because the dialer that came with Internet Explorer 3.0 was too terrible) or the ADSL modem had to have a client PPPoE.

But even those who do not have a standard utility (that is, everyone in the world!), Microsoft took care of it by making the so-called “Wi-Fi auto-configuration”. This auto-configuration cheerfully spits on the fact that we are already connected to the network, and scans the range every X seconds. Windows 10 doesn't even have a "refresh networks" button. Works fine as long as there are two or three networks around. And when there are 44 of them, the system freezes and gives out a few seconds of 400 ping.

"Autoconfiguration" can be disabled with the command:

Netsh wlan set autoconfig enabled=no interface="???????????? ????" pause
Personally, I even made myself two batch files on the desktop “enable autoscan” and “disable autoscan”.

Yes, please note that if you have Russian Windows, then most likely the network interface will have a name in Russian in the IBM CP866 encoding.

Summery

I've rolled out a rather long sheet of text, and I should have ended it with a brief summary of the most important things:

1. The access point can only work in one range: 2.4 or 5.2 or 5.7. Choose carefully.
2. The best regulatory domain is VE.
3. The commands iw phy info, iw reg get will show you what you can do.
4. Channel 13 is usually empty.
5. ACS_SURVEY, 20MHz channel width, TX-STBC, RX-STBC123 will improve signal quality.
6. 40 MHz, more antennas, SHORT-GI will increase the speed.
7. hostapd -dddtK allows you to run hostapd in debug mode.
8. For amateurs, you can rebuild the core and CRDA, increasing the signal strength and removing the restrictions of the regulatory domain.
9. Auto-discovery of Wi-Fi in Windows is disabled with the command netsh wlan set autoconfig enabled=no interface="???????????? ????"
10 . Microsoft Surface Pro 3 does not support the 5.7 GHz band.

Afterword

I found most of the materials used in writing this guide either in google or in mana for iw, hostapd, hostapd_cli.

In fact, the problem IS NOT SOLVED. At times, the ping still jumps to 400 and stays at that level, even for the “empty” 5.2 GHz band. Therefore:

I am looking for a Wi-Fi spectrum analyzer in Moscow, equipped with an operator, with whom I could check what the problem is, and whether it is that there is a very important and secret military institution nearby that no one knows about.

P.S

Wi-Fi operates at frequencies from 2 GHz to 60 GHz (less common formats). This gives us a wavelength of 150mm to 5mm. (Why do we even measure radio in frequencies and not in wavelengths? It's also more convenient!) I, in general, have an idea, buy wallpaper from a quarter-wavelength metal mesh (1 mm is enough) and make a Faraday cage to guarantee isolate yourself from neighboring Wi-Fi, and at the same time from all other radio equipment, such as DECT phones, microwaves and traffic radars (24 GHz). One problem is that it will also block GSM/UMTS/LTE phones, but you can allocate a stationary charging point for them by the window.

I will be glad to answer your questions in the comments.

Turn on the search for Wi-Fi networks on your gadgets, laptops and computers - and you will see how popular wireless access technologies are and how tightly they penetrated into apartments and offices. The range of some routers is sometimes amazing: when searching for networks, you can easily find a network even, for example, on the other side of the street and connect to it. And dual-band routers allow you to avoid collisions and release the air using a higher frequency.

As a rule, laptops, smartphones, TVs and gaming gadgets require an Internet connection. Fundamental differences in connection method have operating systems Windows, Android and iOS. Let's consider them in order.

We connect a laptop and a computer to our router via Wi-Fi

To connect to wifi, you need at least to know the password (the data encryption key in case of network and traffic encryption). Consider connecting a laptop or desktop computer to an already configured and functioning router remotely.

Our goal is to connect to the Internet and to the local network.

We check that:

• The router is connected correctly to the provider and distributes the Internet.
• The Wi-Fi adapter is installed, it functions correctly, the drivers are installed and fresh.

Connecting via WPS

The easiest, no knowledge-requiring way to connect to a router is through WPS. It can be hardware (using a hardware button) or software (using a pin code).

The button is pressed once and not for long (a second press is enough) both on the router and on the WI FI adapter.

After one or two minutes, the router and adapter themselves “negotiate” among themselves about the addresses and encryption password, and the Internet becomes available on the device.

Sometimes a device may not have a WPS button, but still support it. In this case, the WPS PIN is indicated on the label: when setting up a wireless network, the OS will ask you to enter it.

Despite the seeming simplicity of connection, it is deceptive: when activating a Wi-Fi connection using WPS, three procedures are involved:

• generating a key (password);
• generated password encryption
• imposing additional encryption on the channel using a certificate.

Due to the incomplete transparency of this procedure - you do not know the password and connection parameters - it is recommended to use the standard connection option with entering the key.

If the router was not initially configured, then by entering the WPS PIN, you can configure all the network parameters as you wish: its name and key.

Standard option for connecting laptops and computers to a router

Consider how to connect to wireless Internet through a pre-configured router.

All modern laptops are equipped with a Wi-Fi module. But a stationary computer should be equipped with a Wi-Fi adapter.

Pay attention to:

(1): All available wifi networks are visible here. We select our network (2), click (3) Connection to connect to the modem and, accordingly, the Internet.

A window appears asking you to enter a password (security key); and if the key is entered correctly, the icon for a successful Internet connection will appear:

Your computer can successfully use the resources of the local home network and access the Internet through your router.

Connecting smartphones and gadgets to the router

For smartphones and mobile gadgets, connecting to the Internet through a router is an opportunity to save on traffic and, accordingly, money when paying for services to the operator. A 4G network requires more resources and battery power than wireless access, so a smartphone will “live” longer with the Internet from a router without a GSM service provider. Any smartphone equipped with a Wi-Fi module can connect to your router's Wi-Fi.

Consider how to connect when the Internet is configured and distributed by an access point.

Android OS

We will demonstrate step by step how to connect the Internet through a router using the example of a smartphone with Android OS.

1. In the settings of your smartphone, turn on the Wi-Fi module, available networks will be automatically scanned.
2. Select your network from the list.
3. Enter the network key (which was entered at the router setup stage).
4. Upon successful connection, the corresponding signature "Connected" will appear.

If you cannot connect to a network device, restart both the device and your smartphone. Check the settings of your Internet sharing device and try to connect to the wireless network again as described above.

iOS OS

Let's take a step-by-step look at how to connect gadgets with the iOS operating system to the router.

In the "Settings" you should select the "General" section, where you can check the inclusion of the wireless module: when you move the slider to "ON", it automatically searches for networks available for connection. Select your network and enter the password (network key).

If the key is correct, the iPad and iPhone will successfully connect to the Internet.

Connecting to an unknown network device

Above, we discussed how to connect to a home access point, the parameters of which are known. However, there are situations that require connecting to someone else's equipment remotely, without data about the key and connection parameters.

Consider how to connect via Wi-Fi to the router in this case.

Password guessing

Users of home networks, due to inexperience, a small amount of knowledge and laziness, rarely make complex keys. Therefore, the question of how to connect to a wireless network is not difficult to solve: there are a number of dictionary key selection programs. For example, WiFirack.

This program also solves the problem of how to connect to a hidden network that does not broadcast. It is enough to scan the air, check the boxes of those networks to which you are interested in connecting, download the dictionary (you can also use the built-in one) and start the selection.

As a result, a Good.txt file will be created containing the names of the networks and their keys that we managed to pick up.

Password interception and cracking

Programs for capturing and decrypting wireless network packets are also available via the Internet. The essence of the method: even in the absence of correct authentication, the network device exchanges packets with the connected gadget that contain the key in encrypted form. The selection of such a package and their decryption is the way to open the key.

This is a class of programs for advanced users with knowledge in the field of computer security.

One example of this class of software is Airslax.

Works with decryption of WPA/WPA2 traffic and WEP encryption. Below the numbers are:

1. Scanning the air, finding all networks, their signal levels, encryption options and other features.
2. Decryption target selection. The ranking of networks in the list is in ascending order of their signal strength.
3. The process of intercepting the selected network.
4. Disconnecting the client from the point to initiate a re-authentication process: the first 4 packets contain the key in encrypted form.
5. Password guessing for a captured WPA/WPA2 encrypted headshake using a dictionary.
6. Saving results.
7. Automatic WEP key guessing: a large number of DATA packets are collected, and authentication is tried every 5000 DATA packets collected.
8. Points with the possibility of authorization via WPS are scanned here.
9. Using Reaver or Bully, a pin code is selected.
10. Automatic mode of operation.

Security of own network equipment

Having briefly considered the main methods of standard and unauthorized connection, we recall the basic basic requirements for our own equipment.

• Change default usernames and their passwords on the router. Many neglect or forget to perform this simple procedure, leaving a loophole for intruders.
• Enable encryption as hard as possible to decrypt - WPA2. It will significantly complicate and increase the time of hacking; attackers will prefer a simpler network to connect to.
• Restrict access by mac address. Although it is not difficult to change the address of a network card, the restriction on the poppy address is a necessary procedure for protecting the internal security loop.
• Change the Wi-Fi access key at least once every six months. Even if attackers do connect to your network equipment, connecting regularly and repeating the hacking procedure will force them to find a more accessible victim. This will not protect you from unauthorized connections, but will significantly reduce the likelihood of hacking. Safe and fast connections to you!