Native nature in Russian poetry of the 19th century. Poems about the native nature of poets of the 19th century

There is little to see here

Here you need to listen

So that consonance in the soul

They rushed together...

N. Rylenkov

Lesson Objectives:

1. Tutorials:

 to expand students' knowledge about F.I. Tyutchev, A.A. Fet, to consolidate the ability to determine ways to create images using artistic expressive means;

2. Developing:

 develop an interest in poetry;

 help to understand the mood, feelings of poets;

 help create visual images when reading poetry;

3. Educational:

 to cultivate love for the native land, the surrounding nature, the Motherland.

Lesson design

On the board is the topic of the lesson, the epigraph; portraits of poets;

vocabulary work

During the classes:

teacher's word

ChildhoodFyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev were held in Ovstuga - the father's hereditary estate in the Oryol province.
The fate of Fyodor Ivanovich was unusually difficult, a professional diplomat, he lived abroad for 21 years. The poet, by his own admission, expressed his thoughts better in French than in Russian, he wrote all his letters and articles only in French. And all his life he spoke almost exclusively in French, but he could express his most intimate thoughts only in Russian verse. This is how all his poems about nature are written.
Let's listen to Tyutchev's poem "Reluctantly and timidly ...".

Reluctantly and timidly
The sun looks down on the fields.
Chu, it thundered behind the cloud,
The earth frowned.

Warm gusts of wind
Distant thunder and sometimes rain...
Green fields
Greener under a storm.

Here it broke through the clouds
Blue lightning jet -
The flame is white and flying
Bordered its edges.

More often raindrops
A whirlwind of dust flies from the fields,
And thunder rolls
All angry and bold.

The sun looked again
Frowningly on the fields -
And drowned in radiance
All the troubled land

Vocabulary work:

Chu - a call to pay attention to some sounds.

A field is a sown field.

Confused - in a state of agitation.

This poem describes the state of nature during a thunderstorm. The poet vividly paints a picture of her approach.

The first two stanzas depict the expectation of a thunderstorm, the second two - the thunderstorm itself, the fifth stanza depicts the pacification of nature refreshed by a thunderstorm.

Epithets create color images: “green fields / greener under a thunderstorm”, “blue lightning jet”, “white and flying flame”.
The mood is clear from the line: "thunder peals are getting angry and bold."
The comparison “Dust flies from the fields like a whirlwind” gives dynamism, swiftness to the action.
Nature in this poem does not live by itself. Tyutchev needs her images to reveal the inner world of a person.

No less interesting is another poem of the poet.

Leaves.

Let the pines and firs
All winter stick out
In the snow and blizzard
Wrapped up, sleeping, -
Their skinny greens
Like hedgehog needles
Though it never turns yellow,
But never fresh.

We are a light tribe
Bloom and shine
And a short time
We are guests on branches.
All red summer
We were in beauty -
Played with rays
Bathed in dew!

But the birds sang
The flowers have faded
The rays faded
The Zephyrs are gone.
So what do we get for free
Hang and turn yellow?
Isn't it better for them
And we'll fly away!

O wild winds,
Hurry, hurry!

Rip us off

From boring branches!

Rip it off, rip it off

We don't want to wait

Fly, fly!

We fly with you!

Vocabulary work:

Zephyrs - southern warm winds.

Boring - bored.

This poem is written from the perspective of autumn leaves that are eager to fly away with the wind. They oppose themselves to the needles: “Their skinny greens, / Like the needles of a hedgehog, /
Though it never turns yellow, / But it’s never fresh.

The leaves call themselves the "light tribe", which "stay for a short time on the boughs". They rejoice that "the whole red summer they were in beauty, played with rays, bathed in dew." But in the autumn they got bored, so the autumn leaves turn to the violent winds for help and are ready to fly away.
Conclusion: Tyutchev depicts nature not from the outside, not as an observer. He tries to understand the soul of nature, to hear her voice. Tyutchev's nature is a living, intelligent being, "It has a soul, It has freedom, It has love, It has a language."

Teacher's word: Let us turn to the work of another famous poet - Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet.

Group II performance.

ChildhoodAfanasy Afanasyevich Fet spent in the Orel province, a serf nanny followed him, a serf servant taught him to read and write, in the summer he ran with village children through the forest, caught siskins, climbed trees, rode horseback.

From early childhood, Fet, as he himself said, was “greedy for poetry”, he tried to find them everywhere, taught by heart and began to write himself very early.

From the age of 14 he studied first at St. Petersburg, then at Moscow Universities.

He is a tireless dreamer... He was often seen with a gun, on horseback... He gave a lot of energy to the old overgrown pond: he cleaned it, planted trees along the banks, watched the fish... He loved to help the peasants, built a hospital, was always interested in the health of the peasants. children. The poet's estate had a real rose garden, the house was full of flowers, it seems that he could not live without beauty.

He was fond of literature, theater, continued to write poetry throughout his life. He was a subtle observer of nature and knew how to capture what he saw.

When he had accumulated many poems, he showed them to Gogol. Nikolai Vasilyevich liked the poems. He saw in Fet a "mysterious talent."

Fet was one of the most musical poets. The great Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky created several romances to the words of the poet.

Almost half of the poems written by Fet are dedicated to Russian nature - after all, he lived in the village for many years, deeply felt his native nature and loved it very much.

Spruce covered the path with my sleeve.
Wind. In the forest alone
Noisy, and creepy, and sad, and fun,
I do not understand anything.

Wind. All around is buzzing and swaying,
Leaves swirl at your feet.
Chu, there is suddenly heard in the distance
Subtly calling horn.

Sweet call to me herald copper!
Dead sheets to me!
It seems that the poor wanderer came from afar
You warmly greet.

Vocabulary work:

Buzzing (obsolete) - buzzing.

Horn - 1. A musical or signal instrument in the form of a curved pipe with a widening end.

Herald - in the old days: a person who announces official news to the people.

In this poem, Fet captures his impressions of a walk in the autumn forest, where "it is noisy, and creepy, and sad, and fun." He is unable to understand his state: “I will not understand anything,” he admits. And he is glad to hear a subtly calling horn, “the call of the herald of copper is sweet to him.” That's why there are exclamation points at the end of these lines.

This poem awakens our imagination, we feel the wind and how "everything is buzzing and swaying around, the leaves are spinning at our feet."

Conclusion. Fet's poems are surrounded by radiance. Chekhov called them "captivating", Saltykov-Shchedrin - "the most sincere, fresh."

Native nature in the works of Russian poets of the 19th century In poetry, autumn, winter, spring and summer have long meant something more than ordinary seasons. They acquired stable images associated with the awakening of vitality, moods of joy and fun, sadness and sadness. Nature was depicted not just as a background against which a person's life and activities take place, but as part of his soul ... Poems about nature are a reverent story about one's own soul. Poets see Russian nature in different ways, each in his own way, experiencing. Poems about nature - this is a quivering story about complex feelings, helping your own soul. Poets see Russian nature for us to understand why the world is different, each in its own way, experiencing complex things, it is seen that way. feelings, helping us to understand why the world is seen. However, no matter what they write about in their poems, it is like that. Russians. However, whatever Russian poets wrote about in their poems: about the seasons, music and colors of our poets: about the seasons, about the music and colors of our fields, fields and forests, about native and native open spaces, about peasant and forests, open spaces, labor, about peasant - they always thought and remembered the main thing. This is work, the main thing - they always thought about the Motherland, respect for - love and remembered the main thing. This is the Russian word and faith in the great future of the Russian, the main thing is love for the people. Motherland, respect for the Russian word and faith in the great future of the Russian people. Nature is an inexhaustible source of inspiration. In lyrical works, she is animated, endowed with experiences, properties and features of a living being. This attitude to nature has its roots in ancient times. Man perceived the mighty forces of the elements as something alive, capable of feeling, and therefore not so much depicted nature as talked to her. The idea of ​​the unity of man and nature, which distinguishes Slavic folklore, passes into Russian classical poetry of the 18th-20th centuries. The 19th century is the golden age of Russian literature. It was then that A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, F. Tyutchev, A. Fet, Y. Polonsky, I. Nikitin, A. Maikov, I. Surikov, and others worked. It was at this time that unsurpassed masterpieces of the poetic word were written. Russian poets have always been attracted by native nature, devoid of bright, catchy, exotic colors. You are well acquainted with the poems about the nature of the poets of the first half of the 19th century A.S. Pushkin and M.Yu. Lermontov, but the poems of F.I. Tyutchev, A.A. you are just beginning to learn Today we will try to get better acquainted with some poems about nature, written by the poets of the "golden age" Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, (1737 - 1799) Flowers are the last mile Luxurious first-born of the fields. They dull dreams awaken in us more vividly. So sometimes an hour of separation is more alive than a sweet date. The poem is small, but very colorful, tender and a little sad. It is known that autumn for Pushkin is his favorite season. And in this poem he also writes about autumn. The fact that the luxurious flowers of the hot summer have already faded, the "last flowers", autumn ones, remained, and it is they who are dearer to the poet than those "luxurious", because they encourage us to sad memories and dreams. So sometimes the moments of parting are "more alive than a sweet date" In these few lines there are epithets, comparisons, personification. M.Yu. Lermontov 1814 - 1841 Autumn The leaves in the field turned yellow, And spin and fly; Only in the drooping pine forest They keep gloomy greens. The plowman sometimes rests From his midday labors The brave beast involuntarily Hurries to hide somewhere At night the moon is dim and the field Only silvers through the fog The poem "Autumn" is a small landscape sketch, characterized by restraint and precision of language. behind which the pangs of emptiness and loneliness of the lyrical hero are hidden. native harmony frightens a person: a few epithets are negatively charged (“gloomy green”, “overhanging rock”). Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov never considered himself a lyricist, believing that admiration for the beauty of the world around him was the lot of romantic natures who did not have time to know the bitterness of disappointment. Nevertheless, at the initial stage of his work, the poet periodically turned to the theme of his native nature, but at the same time, his landscape lyrics often had a social character. An example of such a work is the poem "Autumn" written in 1828, when the young Lermontov was barely 14 years old. At this time, he was studying at a boarding school, preparing to enter the university. However, at the insistence of his grandmother, from time to time he left his studies and came to the family estate near Moscow, where he spent time reading books and walked a lot in the vicinity of the village. .It was in the family estate that Lermontov was first able to appreciate the beauty of Russian nature, its grandeur and luxury. Even though autumn was never the poet's favorite season, he managed to find in it an amazing charm, consonant with his own state of mind. The first thing that caught Lermontov's eye outside the outskirts of the village was yellowed leaves flying from the trees. But at the same time, the author notes that “they ate gloomy greens in the pine forest.” Dark and damp autumn attracts the poet much more than the gold of falling leaves. And this phenomenon is explained by the personal experiences of Lermontov, who is deprived of the opportunity to communicate with his father, which he regrets very much. It is during this period that an inquisitive and docile boy turns into an impulsive, irritable and very quick-tempered young man who is disappointed with life and does not see the point in it. Therefore, with a slight bitterness, the poet states the fact that "the plowman does not like, among the flowers, to rest sometimes from midday labors." A wild beast, flashing among a thinning forest, strives to quickly find a more reliable shelter for itself, so as not to become an easy prey for a person whose housing is nearby. Alienation, isolation of a person from the fundamental principles is conveyed through the image of a plowman: He no longer likes between flowers, The plowman sometimes rests... in the last lines of the poem, a clear dynamics of natural life outlined at the beginning of the text. The deceptive simplicity of "Autumn" becomes a meaningful sign of a comprehensive meaning. The movements of natural life are artless and light, the emotions are clear. The usual, familiar events that prepare nature for winter are viewed here through a different prism, because the direct experiences of the lyrical hero surpass the events described. Interestingly, the last line of the poem is an involuntary reference to Pushkin's lyrics. Through the fog only silver. Lermontov Through wavy fogs The moon makes its way Pushkin Lermontov's doomed "only" is the abyss that lies between the harmony of Pushkin's worldview and the tragedy of Lermontov's. Pushkin's poetry is experiences caused by impressions from life, and in his successor in poetry, each experience is considered from the point of view of its excitement from the impression. The four-foot trochee conveys the rhythmically pulsing life of nature, which is already ready to live more slowly. The clarity of the cross-rhyming emphasizes the poetic sense of the beauty of nature, albeit frightening and dark, but at the same time simple and understandable. Everything in the poem is moving towards winter: the colors are gradually fading, the beast is hiding, and the lyrical hero also seeks to catch this natural course of events, adapt to it and accept it. The minority of the sound of Lermontov's "Autumn" raises autumn to a symbol of sadness, which underlies all earthly existence. Possessing innate powers of observation, Lermontov managed to notice another characteristic sign of autumn, when "the moon is dim at night", and no longer floods neighboring fields and meadows with its milky light, but only slightly silvers them. Its radiance barely breaks through the thick fog, creating a mystical and sadness-filled picture. But it is she who is so dear and close to the heart of the young poet, who sees the natural end of the life cycle in the extinction of nature, and dutifully accepts what fate has in store for each of us. Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich (1820 - 1892) O first lily of the valley! From under the snow You ask for the sun's rays; What virginal bliss In your fragrant purity! Like the first ray of spring is bright! What dreams descend in it! How captivating you are, gift of the Flaming Spring! So the maiden sighs for the first time About what - it is not clear to herself, And a timid sigh is fragrant With the excess of young life. The poem consists of two parts: in the first, a description of the lily of the valley and the spring awakening of nature, in the second, a comparison of a flower and a young girl. The first part is two quatrains, saturated with figurative and expressive means. The epithets "sunny", "fragrant", "captivating", "igniting" convey the enthusiasm, even the exultation of the lyrical hero. Spring, the awakening of nature, the return of juicy, bright beauty - this ignites the author's gaze, which makes the reader feel something similar. After describing the first lily of the valley, the lyrical hero admires the spring sunbeam, the exclamations "how", "what" raise the emotional intensity, and the line "How captivating you are, a gift of inflaming spring!" In this proposal - and gratitude, and delight, and an echo of the hope for spiritual rebirth - "igniting" spring can ignite the human heart. In the second part, consisting of one quatrain, the author moves on to reflection, comparing a spring flower and a sunbeam with the movement of a young soul. Mostly a flower, this is emphasized by the words "virgin" in the first part and "virgin" in the second. A gentle, pure lily of the valley, emerging from under the snow, giving its fragrance to the whole world, is as touching as a young girl who has just blossomed with her first beauty, who does not yet know what awaits her in life, and trusts everything. Touching and innocence are emphasized by the words "first", "timid", "young". But the hope that is felt in the approach of warmth is always justified - nature blossoms. And the hope of the human soul can melt without a trace ... And the "surplus of young life" will be wasted. This parallel is the philosophical meaning of the work. The poem is written in iambic tetrameter, like most of Fet's other works. This size conveys the cheerfulness, inspiration of the author, admiring nature. The inseparability of the surrounding world and the mood of a person is the leitmotif of the poet's work, and in "The First Lily of the Valley" this idea is revealed to the maximum, it even anticipates the future. Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich (1803 - 1875) Brilliant lyricist, romantic poet. He developed a philosophical line in Russian poetry in a peculiar way. The singer of nature, keenly aware of the cosmos, the finest master of the poetic landscape, Tyutchev painted it spiritually, expressing human emotions. In Tyutchev's poetry there is no impassable line between man and nature, they are almost identical. The world in the eyes of Tyutchev is full of mystery, mystery - somewhere in its substratum chaos “moves”, night hides under the golden cover of the day, death looms in the excess and triumph of life, human love is only a fatal duel threatening death. Autumn evening There is in the lordship of autumn evenings A touching, mysterious charm: An ominous brilliance and variegation of trees, A languid, light rustle of crimson leaves, Foggy and quiet azure Over a sad orphan land, And, like a premonition of descending storms, A gusty, cold wind at times, Damage, exhaustion - and on everything That meek smile of withering, What in a rational being we call the Divine bashfulness of suffering. The poem "Autumn Evening" refers to the period of the early work of F. I. Tyutchev. It was written by the poet in 1830 during one of his short visits to Russia. Created in the spirit of classical romanticism, an elegant, light poem is not just landscape lyrics. Tyutchev comprehends the autumn evening in it as a phenomenon of the life of nature, looking for an analogy to the phenomenon of nature in the phenomena of human life, and these searches give the work a deep philosophical character. "Autumn Evening" is a detailed metaphor: the poet feels the "mild smile of fading" of autumn nature, comparing it with the "divine bashfulness of suffering" in man as a prototype of morality. The poem is written in iambic pentameter, cross-rhyming is used. A short, twelve-line poem is one complex sentence, read in one breath. The phrase "mild smile of fading" combines all the details that create the image of fading nature. Nature in the poem is changeable and many-sided, full of colors and sounds. The poet managed to convey the elusive charm of autumn twilight, when the evening sun changes the face of the earth, making the colors richer and brighter. The brightness of colors (azure, crimson leaves, glitter, variegation of trees) is slightly muted by epithets that create a translucent haze - foggy, light. The poem is saturated with epithets that create a feeling of rich painting: “touching, mysterious charm”, “ominous brilliance”, “... The languid, light rustle of crimson leaves”, // Foggy and quiet azure // Above the sad orphan earth ...”, “intermittent , cold wind”, “gentle smile of fading”. The “cold wind” that blows at times appears before us “as a premonition of descending storms”. In general, the whole poem is a detailed metaphor: the feeling that “the lordship of autumn evenings” evokes in the poet is felt by him as a gentle smile of withering, which is compared with the “divine bashfulness of suffering” in a person. Especially strongly reflects the state of nature and the lyrical hero who empathizes with her, the method of alliteration used by F.I. Tyutchev. We hear the song of falling leaves. In the instant impression of the autumn evening, Tyutchev contained his thoughts and feelings, all the infinity of his own life. Tyutchev compares autumn with spiritual maturity, when a person acquires wisdom - the wisdom to live and appreciate every moment of life. .The color palette of the poem is unusual: the “lightness” of the evenings is combined with the “ominous brilliance” and “variegation of trees”, the “crimson” color of the leaves, and the “foggy” azure. Bright tones seem to be covered with a thin mist. Nature still lives, but the approach of winter sleep is already felt: “... and on everything // That meek smile of fading. The poem is written in iambic pentameter, all three stanzas have a cross-rhyme. The rhyme of the poem is rich: azure - storms, withering - suffering, on everything - we call. In the first stanza, you should probably read: evenings are trees. "Autumn Evening" is a true masterpiece of Russian poetry. Tyutchev's lyrics are permeated with a keen sense of tragedy, intense and passionate thought, marked by a depth of philosophical reflection. The artistic image of nature is concretely visible, marked by the stamp of a romantic feeling. F. I. Tyutchev’s sensitivity to the Russian language, the ability to deeply and accurately convey in his poems the subtlest shades of thoughts and feelings are generally recognized. Tyutchev's nature is humanized: like a living being, it breathes, feels, experiences joy and sadness. Tyutchev perceives autumn as a meek suffering, a painful smile of nature. The poet does not separate the natural world from the human world. .Tyutchev depicts nature not from the outside, not as an observer and photographer. He tries to understand the soul of nature, to hear her voice. Tyutchev's nature is the most living, intelligent being. Trying to penetrate its secrets, he turns to human life for help. Man is a kind of instrument of comprehension of nature. But nature also serves as a tool for understanding man. Apollon Nikolayevich Maikov The field is shaking with flowers... The field is shaking with flowers... Waves of light are pouring in the sky... Spring larks singing Blue abysses are full. My gaze is drowning in the brilliance of half a day... I can't see the singers behind the light... So young hopes Amuse my heart with greetings... And where their Voices come from, I don't know... But, listening to them, their eyes to the sky, Smiling, I draw In 1857, the poet published the poem "The field is shaking with flowers ...", which is a small sketch dedicated to a warm summer day. The landscape opened to Maikov's gaze can hardly be called remarkable. An ordinary field, caressed by the sun's rays, could hardly attract the attention of someone else. But the poet saw something sublime and divine in this peaceful picture, confessing: “My gaze is drowning in the brilliance of half a day.” This feeling of boundless happiness and freedom is reinforced by the singing of larks, with which "the blue abysses are full." The poet does not see the birds, but hears their delightful chirping, which gives the trivial summer landscape a special beauty and audacity. Spring for poets has always been a special time of the year, causing a surge of vitality and emotional excitement. Spring is a time of rebirth and blossoming of nature, new hopes and joy, love and happiness. Nature and man are united in their mood, and this is very subtly and convincingly revealed by lyric poets. A. N. Maykov's poem depicts a picture of spring and the singing of larks. Emphasizes the spaciousness, the freshness of spring: The field is churning with flowers... In the sky light waves are pouring... Spring larks singing Blue abysses are full. The lyrical hero does not see the singers, he only hears their singing, but these songs echo in his heart with new young hopes. ... So young hopes Amuse my heart with greetings ... Joy in the soul, peace, tranquility causes the singing of larks. And where their voices come from, I don't know... But, listening to them, I turn my eyes to the sky, Smiling, I turn. To turn one's eyes to the sky, to think about the eternal, about the immortality of the human soul and how to live life in harmony with nature and the world - this is one of the highest tasks of the human mind. A. N. Maikov connects changes in nature with the mood of a person. .The author is mentally transferred to the ordinary world and immediately finds a surprisingly accurate comparison to his feelings, stating: “So the hopes of the young amuse my heart with greetings ...”. This phrase requires some explanation and decoding. The fact is that Apollon Maikov worked almost all his life as a librarian in the famous Rumyantsev Museum, and young writers often turned to him for help. He not only personally knew the future celebrities, but also watched with excitement their ascent to the literary Olympus. Very few of Maykov's friends knew that he himself wrote poetry, since the poet never sought to advertise his passion. Meanwhile, the first collection of works by this author was awarded the imperial prize, thanks to which the poet was able to visit many cities in Europe. Reading the works of his young friends, Maikov did not feel envy or jealousy. On the contrary, he rejoiced at their achievements even more than at his own victories, believing that a bright future awaited Russian literature. Therefore, the last verse of the poem can be interpreted in two ways, since such novice writers as Turgenev, Belinsky and Nekrasov are represented in the image of larks. The poet admits that he does not know where their voices come from. However, at the same time he notes: “But, listening to them, I turn my eyes to the sky, smiling.” Homework: 1. Learn one poem about the nature of the authors of the 19th century. 2. Give a written analysis of the poem according to plan

In the lesson, students will consider the issue of art's view of nature (painting, music, literature); read poems by poets of the 19th century about nature (F.I. Tyutchev, V.A. Zhukovsky, A.A. Fet, A.K. Tolstoy); will conduct a study of the means of artistic expression that poets use as artists, creating a landscape poetic canvas.

Subject:You are my land, my dear land!

Lesson: Poems about the native nature of Russian poets of the 19th century

Nature is an inexhaustible fertile source of poetry, painting, music, art in general. The landscape is often consonant with the feelings and moods of a person. Native nature is familiar to us, but not everyone is able to see its beauty. People of art can see beauty, new, unusual in the usual. The famous Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky wrote the beautiful music “The Seasons”, in which you can hear the ringing of the bells of a troika running along a frosty road, and autumn sadness, survive the awakening of nature in spring and a hot summer day.

Rice. 1. The edge of the forest. Hood. I. Levitan ()

Artists with the help of brushes and paints convey the beauty of their native nature (Fig. 1).

Landscape (French Paysage, from pays - country, locality) - a genre of fine art (as well as individual works of this genre), in which the main subject of the image is primordial, or to one degree or another transformed by man, nature.

From the word " landscape» happened name lyric genre - landscape. Poets, using different visual means of language, describe nature at different times of the year. However, in poetry, autumn, winter, spring and summer always mean more than ordinary seasons. For example, spring is associated with the awakening and flowering of vitality.

Rice. 2. Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev ()

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803-1873)(Fig. 2)

He is rightfully considered the singer of nature. He was the finest master of poetic landscapes. But in his inspired poems there is no thoughtless admiration of nature. For him, nature is the same animated, “reasonable” being as man.

“She has a soul, she has freedom,

It has love, it has a language,” the poet wrote.

In the famous poem “Spring Waters”, streams - the first messengers of spring - announce the arrival of the holiday of the awakening of nature (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Big water. Hood. I. Levitan ()

spring waters

Snow is still whitening in the fields,

And the waters are already rustling in the spring -

They run and wake up the sleepy shore,

They run and shine and say...

They say all over the place:

"Spring is coming, spring is coming!

We are young messengers of Spring,

She sent us ahead!"

Spring is coming, spring is coming

And quiet, warm May days

Ruddy, bright round dance

Crowds cheerfully for her!..

When we read a poem, we hear the sounds of nature. The waters run, wake up the sleepy shore, they say: "Spring is coming, spring is coming!"

In the last lines, the image of a round dance evokes associations with a folk holiday.

Alliteration is the repetition of identical or homogeneous consonants in a poem, giving it a special sound expressiveness.

In landscape lyrics, alliteration is of great importance, since it can be used to convey the sounds of nature. Here, for example, is how Tyutchev describes a thunderstorm:

spring thunderstorm

I love the storm in early May,

When spring, the first thunder,

As if frolicking and playing,

Rumbles in the blue sky.

The young peals are thundering,

Here the rain splashed, the dust flies,

Rain pearls hung,

And the sun gilds the threads.

Rice. 4. Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky ()

Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky (1783-1852)

V.A. depicted the arrival of spring in his own way. Zhukovsky (Fig. 4).

Elegy (Greek elegeia, from elegos - mournful song) - a type of lyrics that describes an ideal landscape or reasoning of a lyrical hero about the meaning of life.

The heyday of the elegy falls on the era of romanticism. In Russia, the founder of elegies was V.A. Zhukovsky, his elegies "Rural Cemetery", "Evening", "Slavyanka" consist of two parts: the first describes nature, and the second - a reasoning inspired by landscapes.

The coming of spring

Green fields, groves babble,

There is a tremor in the sky of a lark,

Warm rain, sparkling waters, -

Having named you, what to add?

How else to glorify you

Soul life, spring coming?

In a few lines, in simple words, Zhukovsky created a delightful picture of spring nature. We saw fields and groves covered with young greenery. Heard birds singing. And most importantly - felt a surge of strength and joy. The poet compares the coming of spring with the life of the soul. The human soul comes to life in spring along with nature.

Rice. 5. Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet ()

Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (1820-1892)

No less inspired, but again in his own way, Afanasy Fet writes about spring (Fig. 5).

The main wealth of the creative heritage of the remarkable Russian poet A.A. Feta composes landscape lyrics. Nature, with its constant variability, inspired Fet to create hundreds of poems and entire cycles dedicated to the seasons: "Spring", "Summer", "Autumn", "Snow".

These landscape paintings are based on the impressions of the Oryol region, the beauty of the Ukrainian steppes and the gloomy appearance of the Baltic coast, where he served, the landscapes of the Kursk province, where he spent the last years of his life. But the main thing in Fet's poems is not this. The main thing is how the poet perceives and recreates the world around him.

The poet, like an artist, scatters bright colors on the canvas of his poem, admires the effect of light and movement.

Rice. 6. Blue spring. Hood. V. Baksheev ()

This morning, this joy

This power of both day and light,

This blue vault

This cry and strings

These flocks, these birds,

This voice of the waters

These willows and birches

These drops are these tears

This fluff is not a leaf,

These mountains, these valleys,

These midges, these bees,

This tongue and whistle

These dawns without eclipse,

This sigh of the night village,

This night without sleep

This haze and the heat of the bed,

This fraction and these trills,

It's all spring.

Note that in this poem there is no verb. However, this does not prevent the author from conveying the sounds, smells of nature, the movement of spring. We see flocks of birds returning from the south. We hear their cheers. We see running streams and hear their murmur. We hear the buzz of awakened midges and bees. The world is full of sounds and movement. And for the poet, spring is the time for love. And the whole night passes without sleep in dreams of something bright, joyful and beautiful.

Sentences in which there is no predicate are called nominal, and Fet skillfully uses them in his landscape lyrics:

Whisper, timid breath,

trill nightingale,

Silver and flutter

sleepy stream,

Night light, night shadows,

Shadows without end

A series of magical changes

Sweet face.

In smoky clouds purple roses,

reflection of amber,

And kisses, and tears,

And dawn, dawn...

L.N. Tolstoy said about this poem this way: “There is not a single verb in it. Every expression is a picture." Nominative sentences make the poem melodic, specifically point to objects, phenomena that excite the poet. With their help, writers, poets succinctly and accurately draw the time and place of action, the situation, the landscape.

Rice. 7. Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy ()

Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy (1817-1875)

For many poets, the theme of nature is inextricably linked with the theme of the homeland. As in the poem by A.K. Tolstoy " You are my land, my dear land!»

A. K. Tolstoy (Fig. 7) - poet, prose writer, playwright of the 19th century. He was born near St. Petersburg in a landowner's family, spent his childhood in Krasny Rog (in the Bryansk region), he repeatedly returned to these places rich in forests in adulthood, and was buried here.

You are my land, dear land,

Free horse racing

Goy you, my homeland!

Goy you, dense forest!

The whistle of the midnight nightingale,

Wind, steppe and clouds!

Notice how much breadth and space in the words of this poem.

Assonance [fr. assonance letters. consonance] - Reception of sound expressiveness: repetition of vowels or groups of vowels in an artistic (usually poetic) text.

With the help of vowels, Tolstoy creates the feeling that you are standing among these expanses and breathing with all your chest, and joyfully shouting into the distance: “Goy, you, my homeland!”

A.K. Tolstoy often had to be away from his native places. The feelings that he experienced formed the basis of the poem "". Before reading, let's clarify the meaning of some words:

Blagovest - from the words good (good) news - a bell ringing before a church service.

Benevolent - pacifying, bringing good.

Repentance - confession of sins.

I refuse - I refuse.

Rice. 8. Blagovest ()

Among the oak forest

Shines with crosses

Temple five-domed

With bells.

Their call is calling

Through the graves

Buzzing so wonderful

And so sad!

He pulls himself

Irresistible

Calls and beckons

He is native to the land,

I pray and I repent

And I cry again

And I renounce

From the deed of evil;

Wandering far

wonderful dream,

Through the spaces I

I'm flying heavenly

And the heart is joyful

Trembling and melting

As long as the sound is good

Doesn't freeze...

The ringing of bells awakens the image of the native land in the lyrical hero. Wherever the hero is, when he hears this ringing, he always remembers his homeland.

So, both artists, and composers, and poets sought in their work to show the beauty of their native nature, to convey a deep feeling of love for the Motherland. There is no ostentatious beauty in our Russian nature, it is modest and simple, but full of calmness and expanse, sedateness and grandeur. That is why F.I. Tyutchev wrote about Russia, about love for her:

Russia cannot be understood with the mind,

Do not measure with a common yardstick:

She has a special become -

One can only believe in Russia.

1. Korovina V.Ya. Didactic materials on literature. 7th grade. — 2008.
2. Tishchenko O.A. Homework in literature for grade 7 (to the textbook by V.Ya. Korovina). — 2012.
3. Kuteynikova N.E. Literature lessons in grade 7. — 2009.
4. Korovina V.Ya. Literature textbook. 7th grade. Part 1. - 2012.
5. Korovina V.Ya. Literature textbook. 7th grade. Part 2. - 2009.
6. Ladygin M.B., Zaitseva O.N. Textbook-reader on literature. 7th grade. — 2012.
7. Kurdyumova T.F. Textbook-reader on literature. 7th grade. Part 1. - 2011.
8. Phonochrestomathy in literature for the 7th grade to the textbook by Korovina.

1. FEB: Dictionary of literary terms ().
2. Dictionaries. Literary terms and concepts ().
3. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language ().
4. F. I. Tyutchev. Biography and creativity ().
5. V. A. Zhukovsky. Biography and creativity ().
6. A. A. Fet. Biography and creativity ().
7. A. K. Tolstoy ().

1. Remember what means of artistic expression you know. Define the concepts: metaphor, comparison, epithet, personification (in case of difficulty, see the glossary of literary terms).
2. Find examples of personification in the poems that were considered in the lesson. What role does personification play in landscape poetry?

“In poetry, autumn, winter, spring and summer have long meant something more than ordinary seasons. They acquired stable images associated with the awakening of vitality, moods of joy and fun, sadness and sadness. “Nature was depicted not just as a background against which a person’s life and activity takes place, but as part of his soul ...”

Now we will talk about spring - the season that brings renewal to nature. What does spring mean to you? You can close your eyes, pronounce this word clearly, expressively and try to catch what is heard in this word, what is seen. Write the word spring in the left corner of the sheet, and under it the words that arise in your memory in connection with it. I propose the first phrase: at the word spring, I see ...., I imagine ...

Spring is... It turns out that one phenomenon can be told in different ways: the artist conveys the freshness and splendor of spring with colors, the poet uses the expressive means of language, the composer conveys the spring mood of a person, his admiration for the beauty of nature with sounds. And these pictures, like a mosaic, add up to a large and vivid picture of the life of nature, where you can see not just spring, but Spring of light, Spring of water, Spring of the first greenery, Spring of man!

Aleksei Nikolayevich Pleshcheev Already the snow is melting, streams are running, Spring breezes through the window... The nightingales will soon whistle, And the forest will be dressed in leaves! The azure sky is clear, The sun has become warmer and brighter, The time for evil blizzards and storms has passed again for a long time. And the heart beats so strongly in the chest, as if waiting for something, As if happiness is ahead, And the winter has taken away worries! ..

The bird is happy for spring, and the baby is happy for its mother. March is with water, April is with grass, and May is with flowers. March is dry and wet May - there will be porridge and loaf. A lot of snow - a lot of bread, a lot of water - a lot of grass. The cuckoo began to crow - no more frost to be seen. Friendly spring - wait for big water. If a migratory bird flows in flocks - to a friendly spring. Birds nest on the sunny side - the summer will be cold, on the shady side - warm Long icicles - by a long spring. The snow is melting soon, and the water is running together - to the wet summer

Creative task Spring starts from the sky. At first it brightens And with pure blueness Flows down to the gray earth. Spring begins with the cries of merry flocks of sparrows, which incessantly, excitedly repeat about spring. Spring begins with views, Thawed after the cold. Spring begins in the heart, Where there is clear silence. Or maybe its beginning In that first huge puddle? I do not know, but everyone understands: It has begun, spring. O. Lebedushkina What, in your opinion, does spring begin with? Continue this reasoning on the basis of the impressions received from the read poems and personal observations.

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev Autumn comes imperceptibly, insinuatingly. She still does not like the cold name, and at first she is called "Indian Summer", but the bushes have already turned yellow, yellow locks have appeared on the birches. And now the forest becomes bright and colorful, golden autumn comes. F.I. Tyutchev does not hide his admiration for the "wonderful times" and "original autumn".

P. I. Tchaikovsky “The Seasons” Autumn with its beauty inspires not only poets and artists, but also musicians. The musical work expresses the spiritual mood of the composer, who hopes that there will be souls who will sensitively respond to his music. P. I. Tchaikovsky in 1876 wrote "The Seasons" - an album consisting of 12 pieces of music, one of which you will hear. We will listen to the play by P.I. Tchaikovsky “October. Autumn song»

Native nature in the poems of Russian poets of the XIX century

Lyrics is one of the three types of literature, the main content of which is the thoughts, feelings and experiences of the lyrical hero. These experiences can be caused by various reasons: unrequited love, homesickness, the joy of meeting friends, philosophical reflections, contemplation of pictures of nature.

Images of nature are most often found in the verses of Russian poets. And these motifs are always colored with love, admiration, admiration for the forces of the surrounding world.

So, the poem by Ya. P. Polonsky “Two gloomy clouds over the mountains ...” paints a picture of the beginning of an evening thunderstorm.

Nature is strong and powerful: lightning is bright, thunder is strong. Everything around trembles before the elements, even the rock sighs plaintively. The poet uses the technique of personification, endowing the clouds and the rock with human features (the clouds wander, the rock groans and dies). In this way he revives nature.

Despite the image of a formidable element, the lyrical hero has no fear of her, but there is admiration for her strength and power.

In the poem by F. I. Tyutchev “Reluctantly and carried chalk ...” a summer thunderstorm is also described. And again nature is endowed with human qualities: the sun looks, the earth frowns. Before us is the earth and the expectation of the elements. She, like a person, is worried, trembling, waiting for the inevitable. The poem is very bright: everything but the circle is colored green, white, blue. We seem to feel the smell of grass, dusty earth, the first drops of rain, we hear distant peals of thunder, the howling of the wind. The poem is fast paced and fast paced.

Here a jet broke through from behind a cloud of blue lightning -

A white and volatile flame Fringed its edges.

The lyrical hero is not afraid of the elements, but admires her power, admires her strength.

No less expressive is the poem by I. S. Nikitin “Bright twinkling stars ...”. Before us is a quiet light night. All sounds can be distinguished: the rustling of a horse in the gravel, the singing of a corncrake, the rustle of reeds. Sound writing with the help of the consonant "l" gives the poem melodiousness, smoothness, malleability.

The sleepy forest looks into the mirror of the bay;

In the thicket of the silent Darkness lies.

The sound "r", on the contrary, allows you to hear the crackling of branches burning in a fire.

Heard between the bushes Laughter and conversation;

It's hot with mowers A fire is lit.

The lyrical hero seems to be hiding and watching the nightlife of nature. He is careful and careful, does not want to disturb the silence of the night. At such moments, the poet visits inspiration.

All the poems of Russian poets about nature are unusually lyrical, melodious and beautiful. The contemplation of landscapes gives rise to only the best feelings in the poetic soul.

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