Derzhavin "Monument". Linguistic analysis presentation for a lesson in literature (grade 9) on the topic

Lesson #8 L-9

TOPIC: G.R. Derzhavin. The theme of the poet and poetry in the lyrics of Derzhavin

GOALS: to give knowledge about the main themes of lyrics and Derzhavin's poetic innovation; teachwork with a literary text, analyze a lyrical work.

DURING THE CLASSES:

1. Organizational moment.

1. Ready for the lesson.
2. Setting lesson goals.

1. Checking homework.

1. By heart "Lords and Judges".
2. Questions from the class on the biography and work of Derzhavin.

1. Work on the work of Derzhavin "Felitsa"

• What is the history of the creation of the ode? (To answer this question, you can use the notes "Explanations on the writings of Derzhavin", made by the poet at the end of his life.)
• Explain the meaning of the title of the ode.
• Compare Derzhavin's ode "Felitsa" with Lomonosov's "Ode on the day of accession to the throne of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna ...".
• What is common and different in the appearance of the heroines of these works?
• What artistic techniques do poets use to create the central image of each ode?
• Why, despite the same meter, do the odes sound different?
• Compare the vocabulary, syntax and poetic intonations of these works.
• Is there a satirical depiction of reality in the odes?
• Why did Catherine II cry when reading the ode and gave her a high rating?

1. Three "Monuments" in Russian literature.

1. Introductory speech of the teacher:

The theme of the poet and poetry is traditional, cross-cutting in European culture. The poet's monologue about himself is found in ancient poetry. So, Horace's ode “To Melpomene” translated by M.V. Lomonosov served as the basis for the poems of G.R. Derzhavin and A.S. Pushkin about the “monument”. Its main aspects are the process of creativity, its purpose and meaning, the relationship of the poet with the reader, with the authorities, with himself. Thus, among the poets of different eras there was a tradition of lyrical depiction of a “not-made-by-hand” monument, as if summing up the creative activity.

Today in the lesson we will compare the poems of M.V. Lomonosov, G.R. Derzhavin, A.S. Pushkin. Let's see how the theme of the poet and poetry develops in these works, what is the difference between the position of the authors in understanding this topic? Let us compare the artistic means by which the point of view of the poets is expressed.

1. Reading and analysis of poems.

• So, for the first time he turned to the theme of the poet and poetry back in the 1st century BC. e. Ancient Roman poet Quintus Horace Flaccus in his ode to Melpomene.
• There were many translations of Horace's ode. Some of them (M.V. Lomonosov, V.V. Kapnist, A.Kh. Vostokova, S.A. Tuchkova) were undoubtedly known to Pushkin, while others (A.A. Feta, N. Fokkova, B. V. Nikolsky, P.F. Porfirov, V.Ya. Bryusov) appeared after the death of Pushkin.
• In 1747 M.V. Lomonosov translated Horace into Russian.
• Read the arrangement of Horace's ode “To Melpomene” (“Monument”), created by M.V. Lomonosov.
• Determine the theme and main idea of ​​the poem.(The theme of the ode is the role of creativity, poetry in people's lives. What is created by the poet makes him immortal - this is the main idea of ​​the poem).
• In what way does the poet give his poems solemnity and precision?(The two-syllable size - iambic - gives the unrhymed lines of the poem clarity, chasing. Solemnity of sound is given by the words of high style: I will raise, above, increase, fatherland, obstacle, etc., many words and expressions of Greco-Roman origin, from history and mythology: aquilon, Aufid, Aeolian poetry, muse, Delphic laurel, etc.).
• Explain the meaning of these words:(aquilon - northeast wind; Awfid - a river in Italy in the homeland of Horace; Aeolian poems - exemplary, ancient Greek; Alcean lira - the lyre of Alceus = Alcaeus, one of the best ancient Greek poets; muse - goddess, patroness of sciences and arts;Delphic laurel- in the city of Delphi there was a temple of Apollo, the leader of the muses. Laurel was considered a sacred tree).
• In 1796 G.R. Derzhavin addresses this topic, writes the poem "Monument" - this is a free arrangement of Horace's ode. But Derzhavin does not repeat the thoughts of his distant predecessor, but expresses his own point of view on the poet and poetry. The poet believed that people who are not inspired, do not care about art, remain deaf to goodness, indifferent to the joys and sufferings of those around them. Such people
• Not a tear will touch the widows,
  Nor orphans unfortunate moan:
  Let the universe drown in blood
  He would be happy...("Art lover")
• According to Derzhavin, the purpose of art and literature is to promote the spread of education and the cultivation of love for beauty, correct vicious morals, and preach truth and justice. It is from these positions that he approaches the assessment of his work in the poem “Monument”. He likens his work to a “wonderful, eternal” monument. The unhurried, solemn rhythm of the verse (the poem is written in iambic six-foot) corresponds to the importance of the theme. The author reflects on the impact of poetry on contemporaries and descendants, on the poet's right to respect and love of fellow citizens. He expresses confidence that his name will live in the hearts and memory of the “countless peoples” inhabiting the space “from the White Waters to the Black Waters”. The poet connects his immortality with the “family of the Slavs”, that is, with the Russian people:
• ... And my glory will grow without fading,
  How long will the universe honor the Slavs?
• In the "Monument" Derzhavin explains what his services to the "family of the Slavs" and Russian literature are:
• ... the first I dared in a funny Russian style
  Proclaim the virtues of Felitsa,
  In the simplicity of the heart to talk about God
  And tell the truth to kings with a smile.
• Reread Derzhavin's poem "Monument". Determine its topic and main idea.

(The theme is the immortality of the poet in his works, in the memory of people about the creator of famous works. The poet sees his main merit in the fact that he could “speak the truth to kings with a smile”, “talk about God”, “dared” to tell about the virtues of Catherine !! not high, but simple syllable).

• What size is the poem written in, what rhymes does it contain?

(The poem is written in iambic, in each quatrain the first

the line rhymes with the third, the second with the fourth, i.e. cross rhyme).

• What means of artistic representation did the poet use (epithets, personification, comparison, hyperbole)?
• (To give solemnity to poetic speech, the poet uses the words “high style”

- brow, be proud, proclaim, dared, innumerableetc.; various epithets - with a leisurely hand, cardiac simplicity, merit fair, miraculous monument, eternal, fleeting thunder . Hyperbole and comparison at the same time -“metals are higher and harder than pyramids”. A monument is a creation left to posterity, so the comparison with pyramids, metal is clearly figurative, i.e. implying a figurative meaning. All this helps to affirm the idea of ​​the importance of creativity, of the immortality of works of art).

1. Independent analysis of Pushkin's poem "Monument"

• Read the poem out loud.
• What features of the poet's biography are reflected in the poem?
• How does the poet see the limits of his own creative immortality?
• With what words does the creator address the Muse? What is the relationship between them?

1. Filling in the table "Three "Monuments" in Russian literature."

	M.V. Lomonosov	G.R.Derzhavin	A.S. Pushkin
Biography features	“I was not an obstacle to an obscure family.”	“... the first I dared in a funny Russian syllable // About the virtues of Felitsa to proclaim, // In sincere simplicity to talk about God // And speak the truth to the kings with a smile.”	“…I aroused good feelings with my lyre… in my cruel age I glorified Freedom // And called for mercy to the fallen.”
Limits of creative immortality	The poet will live as long as his Fatherland is alive.	"How long will the universe honor the Slavs?"	“... as long as in the sublunar world // At least one piit will live.”
What is the relationship between the poet and the muse	Muse is a high patroness.	Muse is the true friend of the poet.	Muse is a companion in the great field of poetry.

1. Summary of the lesson.

• In which poem, in your opinion, is the author's personal beginning least traced?
• What is it connected with?
• Why for his poem about the duty and appointment of the poet and poetry A.S. Pushkin took as a model a free arrangement of Horace's ode by G.R. Derzhavin, and not a translation more accurate to the original by M.V. Lomonosov?

1. Homework.

1. Chapters "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow".
2. Ind. task "Biography of Radishchev"

G.R. Derzhavin. Poem "Monument"

Almost every poet in his work refers totopic eternity, trying to find the answer to the question, what is the fate of his works. Homer and Horace were famous for such epic odes, and later many Russian writers, among whom was Gavriil Derzhavin. This poet is one of the brightest representatives of classicism, who inherited the European traditions of composing his poems in a “high calm”, but at the same time adapted them to colloquial speech so much that they were understandable to almost any listener.

During his lifetime, Gavriil Derzhavin was favored by Empress Catherine II, to whom he dedicated his famous ode "Felitsa", but his contribution to Russian literature was appreciated by posterity only after the death of the poet, who became a kind of spiritual mentor for Pushkin and Lermontov.

Anticipating such a development of events, in 1795 Gavriil Derzhavin wrote the poem "Monument", which he originally called "To the Muse".This work in its form was sustained in the best traditions of ancient Greek poetry, however, its content was considered by many to be defiant and immodest. Nevertheless, reflecting the attacks of critics, Derzhavin advised them not to pay attention to the pompous style, but to ponder overcontent , noting that he does not praise himself in this work, but Russian literature, which, finally, managed to break out of the tight shackles of classicism and become easier to understand.

Naturally, a huge merit in this belongs to Derzhavin himself, which he mentioned in his poem, noting that he erected a monument to himself that is "harder than metal" and "higher than the pyramid." At the same time, the author claims that he is not afraid of either storms, or thunder, or years, since thisconstruction - not material, but spiritual properties . Derzhavin alludes to the fact that he managed to "humanize" poetry, which from now on is destined to become publicly available.And it is quite natural that future generations will be able to appreciate the beauty of the poetic style, which was previously available only to the elite. Therefore, the poet has no doubt that if not glory, then immortality awaits him. “All of me will not die, but a large part of me, having escaped from decay, will begin to live after death,” the poet notes. At the same time, he emphasizes that the rumor about him will sweep throughout the Russian land.

It was this phrase that promptedindignation of opponents of the poet a, who attributed excessive pride to Derzhavin.However, the author had in mind not his own poetic achievements, but new trends in Russian poetry, which, as he foresaw, would be picked up by a new generation of writers. And it is their works that will gain wide popularity among various segments of the population due to the fact that the poet himself will be able to teach them “in heartfelt simplicity to talk about God and speak the truth to kings with a smile.”

It is noteworthy that in his assumptions about the future of Russian poetry, whose forehead will be crowned with the "dawn of immortality", Gavriil Derzhavin turned out to be right. It is noteworthy that shortly before his death, the poet was present at the final exam at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum and listened to the poems of the young Pushkin, whom he "went down to the grave and blessed." It was Pushkin who was destined to become the successor of the poetic traditions that were laid down in Russian literature by Derzhavin. It is not surprising that the famous Russian poet, imitating his teacher, subsequently created the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands”, which echoes Derzhavin’s “Monument” and is a continuation of the multifaceted debate about the role of poetry in modern Russian society.

A source :

The theme of the poet and poetry in the lyrics of G. R. Derzhavin. The poem "Monument" (1795)

Lesson Objectives:

Didactic: find out what place the theme of the poet and poetry occupies in Russian literature of the 18th century; get acquainted with the history of the creation of the poem "Monument" by G.R. Derzhavin; find out what the poet sees as the task of his creativity in the poem; compare views on poetry in Derzhavin's poem and in M.V. Lomonosov's translation of Horace's ode "To Melpomene"; see how the work of G. R. Derzhavin influenced subsequent generations of poets.

Correction-developing : develop the skills of dialogic and monologue speech, improve the skill of expressive reading of a poetic work.

Educational: develop motivation for learning.

During the classes.

Organizing time.

Introduction by the teacher.

For many centuries, people have thought about the meaning of human life.

What do you think is the meaning of human life? (D.z)

(Already now you are faced with the question: which road to take, how not to make a mistake in choosing a profession, because your future depends on it. It is very important to find your place in life, an occupation you like, not to live in vain.)

3. Actualization of knowledge.

In what form do poets express their thoughts, feelings, views on life and man? (Poetic, through poetry)

The theme of the appointment of the poet and poetry was addressed in ancient times. Which of the ancient Roman poets touched on this topic in his work? (Horace's ode "To Melpomene") This theme was one of the main ones in Russian literature of the 18th century. And in the work of G. R. Derzhavin, she occupies an important place. He showed the role of his poetry in the poem "Monument". In 1796, almost half a century later, G. R. Derzhavin turned to this source and wrote a free version of Horace's ode. But Derzhavin does not repeat the thoughts of his distant predecessor, but expresses his point of view on the poet and poetry.

People liked to compare Derzhavin with Horace. A.S. Pushkin saw them together

Pets of the young graces

With Derzhavin later

Sensitive Horace

Is two.

Derzhavin knew Horace from German translations as early as the 1770s. Among Derzhavin's poems, one can count at least 15 transcriptions and translations from Horace. With Horace, Derzhavin associated 2 significant works in which he assessed his work: "The Swan" and "Monument".

Expressive reading of a poem

What words are incomprehensible in Derzhavin's poem?

(Guys explain the meaning of words from the compiled dictionary; there is a comment on the desks)

4. Work on the analysis of the poem.

- What features of the poet's biography are reflected in the poem?

« How out of obscurity I became known for that ...”, “That I was the first to dare to proclaim the virtues of Felitsa in a funny Russian syllable”, “And speak the truth to the kings with a smile.”

WITH How is the monument compared in Derzhavin's poem?

(“metals are higher and harder than pyramids”).

- Why with them? (Fortress, eternity)

A monument is a creation left to posterity, so comparison with pyramids, metal implies a figurative meaning.

- What thought helps to validate these comparisons?

(All this helps to affirm the idea of ​​the importance of creativity, of the immortality of works of art).

And what epithets does Derzhavin use when talking about the monument?

("wonderful, eternal")

- The poet is convinced that the power of poetry is more powerful than the laws of nature and time. What lines say this?

“Neither his whirlwind, nor thunder will break the fleeting,

And time will not crush him.”

(His monument is not subject to whirlwinds, thunders, time).

How does Derzhavin see the strength of fame?

(“And my glory will grow without fading,

How long will the universe honor the Slavic race")

- How do you understand these words?

(He sees the strength of glory in respect for the Fatherland, considers himself a national Russian poet)

What does the poet take credit for?

« that I am the firstdared in a funny Russian syllable ... "

Why did the poet choose the verb "dared"?

What did the poet dare to do? (" Ovirtues Felitsy to proclaim")

- What did the genre of ode require? (Talking about the greatness of monarchs, glorifying their deeds, creating a kind of “ceremonial image.” Derzhavin saysabout virtues Felitsa-Catherine 2!

- Remember the ode "Felitsa". What virtues are we talking about? (Pay tribute to her energy, efficiency, ability to forgive weaknesses, simplicity, justice).

- "And tell the truth to the kings with a smile."

Derzhavin sees his merit in maintaining human dignity and sincerity. He is one of the few who allowed himself to directly criticize certain actions of the queen, nobles.

Therefore, Derzhavin looks at the poet as a servant and champion of truth.

Derzhavin also sees his merit in making the Russian syllable "funny."- Choose synonyms for this word. (fun, simple, sharp)

- To whom are the last stanzas of the poem addressed?

(To the Muse)

- What is the meaning of this word?

- Muse - Goddess - patroness of arts and sciences

Muse - Source of poetic inspiration

Muse - The very inspiration, creativity.

5. Summing up.

And in 1836 the Russian poet A.S. Pushkin will write the poem "Monument" and take as a basis a free arrangement of the ode by Horace Derzhavin. The “Monument” of G.R. Derzhavin will become the pedestal of the “Monument” of A.S. Pushkin.

6. Homework. Prove the validity of the words of G.R. Derzhavin “I erected a wonderful, eternal monument to myself ...”

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Slides captions:

The theme of the poet and poetry in the lyrics of G.R. Derzhavin "Monument" Grade 9

"Monument" Gavriil Derzhavin I erected a wonderful, eternal monument to myself, It is harder than metals and higher than pyramids; Neither its whirlwind nor thunder will break the fleeting one, And the flight of time will not crush it. So! - all of me will not die, but a large part of me, Having escaped from decay, after death will begin to live, And my glory will increase without fading, As long as the universe honors the Slavic race. A rumor will spread about me from the White Waters to the Black Waters, Where the Volga, the Don, the Neva, the Urals pour from the Riphean; Everyone will remember that among innumerable peoples, How out of obscurity I became famous for that, That I was the first to dare in a funny Russian syllable About the virtues of Felitsa to proclaim, In hearty simplicity, talk about God And speak the truth to kings with a smile. O muse! be proud of a just merit, And whoever despise you, despise those yourself; With an unconstrained unhurried hand Crown your forehead with the dawn of immortality. 1795

Linguistic analysis of the poem by G. R. Derzhavin "Monument" Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, (1743-1816), Russian poet, statesman

Explain the title of the poem by G. R. Derzhavin “Monument” The poem is called “Monument”, because it represents the author’s reflection on his own life, summing up its results, and awareness of his own role in the lives of other people.

Determine the theme of the poem (what is it about?) The author understands that all people are mortal, but, summing up his own life, he realizes that with his work he erected a monument to himself - “wonderful, eternal”; he himself, the man, will die, but his name will not be forgotten, because he will live in the works he created

What mood prevails in the poem? Calm solemnity prevails in the poem: the author realizes his own significance and understands that nothing can shake it

Describe the composition of the poem: how many parts can be distinguished in it? What is said in each part? Three parts can be distinguished in the poem "Monument": 1) (the first line of the first stanza): the introduction of a lyrical theme - "I erected a monument to myself." 2) (from the 2nd line of the first stanza and stanza No. 2, 3, 4): the development of a lyrical theme - a description of the eternal "monument" - one's own afterlife and the cause of immortality. 3) (stanza No. 5): the muse can be calm: nothing will diminish her greatness and immortality.

Describe the system of artistic images of the poem The central artistic image of the poem is the lyrical hero himself. He mentions those images that are somehow connected with him: people who will remember the poet after his physical death, Felitsa (the heroine of the ode of the same name, the prototype of which is Empress Catherine II), who made him famous (here the poet touches on the relationship between the poet and power ), muse.

Describe the artistic time of the poem The poem presents the time of three plans: - the past (the author erected a monument to himself with his work, he recalls how he became famous); - the present (the author's monologue - his memories of the past and thoughts about the future are pronounced now, in the present tense); - the future (the author's reflection on his own posthumous life). We can say that the artistic time of the poem is permeated with eternity: the monument erected by the poet, "time will not crush the flight."

Describe the artistic space of the poem The artistic space of the poem is unusually wide: the lyrical hero is sure that he will be known "from the White Waters to the Black Waters, / Where the Volga, Don, Neva, the Urals pour from the Riphean." His glory will live as long as "as long as the universe will honor the Slavic race", "everyone will remember that among innumerable peoples."

Describe the figurative and expressive means of the poem (epithets, metaphors, comparison) The figurative system, the mood of the poem are created by: - ​​epithets: a wonderful, eternal monument; fleeting thunder; among nations without number; funny Russian syllable; hearty simplicity; merit is just; a relaxed hand is unhurried. - metaphors: “I erected a monument to myself” (meaning I left a memory of myself); "time flight" (time is compared with a flying bird); “a big part of me, / Having escaped from decay, will live after death” - people will remember the author; "dawn of immortality" (memory). - comparison: a monument "it is harder than metals and higher than the pyramids."

Describe the techniques of poetic syntax (inversion, gradation) - Inversion (reverse word order): a wonderful monument, eternal; he is firmer; thunder is fleeting; flight time; will not crush him; part of me is big; how long the universe will honor the Slavs; among nations without number; speak the truth; fair merit; who will despise; unhurried hand; your forehead. - Gradation (gradual increase, increase in the degree of manifestation of the sign): "I erected a wonderful, eternal monument to myself." All these methods of poetic syntax give the poem a special emotional sound and serve to reveal the author's idea.

Describe the poetic vocabulary of the poem (antonyms, archaisms) - Antonyms: “I will not die” - “but will live”; glory "will grow without fading"; "From the White Waters to the Black"; “out of obscurity, I became famous for that.” - Archaisms: "how long" (obsolete - "until when?"), "universe" (instead of "universe"), "White waters and Black" (archaism - instead of the White Sea and the Black Sea), "everyone" (instead of “everyone”), “innumerable” (instead of “innumerable”), “dared” (high - “boldly strive for something noble, high, new), “despise” - neglect; "brow" - forehead. The lexical means used give the poem a special expressiveness.

Determine the size and method of rhyming of the poem Poetic size - iambic six-foot. The rhyming method is a steam room (abab).

Expand the idea of ​​the poem (what did the author want to say?) With his poem, G. R. Derzhavin wanted to say that we are all mortal, but you can leave a memory of yourself - such that descendants will remember you for many years.

"Monument" M.V. Lomonosov I erected a sign of immortality to myself Above the pyramids and stronger than copper, What a stormy aquilon cannot erase, Neither many centuries, nor caustic antiquity. Not at all will I die; but death will leave my great part, as I end my life. I will grow everywhere in glory As long as the great Rome owns the light. Where Aufid roars with fast jets, Where Davnus reigned among the common people, My Fatherland will not be silent, That an obscure family was not an obstacle to me, To bring Aeolian verses to Italy And the first to ring the Alcean lyre. Be proud of righteous merit, muse, And crown your head with a Delphic laurel. A.S. Pushkin I erected a monument to myself not made by hands, The folk path will not overgrow to it, He ascended higher as the head of the recalcitrant pillar of Alexandria. No, all of me will not die - the soul in the cherished lyre will survive my ashes and run away from decay - And I will be glorious, as long as at least one piit is alive in the sublunar world. The rumor about me will spread throughout the whole of Great Russia, And every language that exists in it will call me, And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now the wild Tunguz, and the Kalmyk friend of the steppes. And for a long time I will be so kind to the people, That I aroused good feelings with my lyre, That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom And called for mercy for the fallen. By the command of God, oh muse, be obedient, Do not be afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown, Accept praise and slander indifferently, And do not dispute the fool.

Comparative table M.V. Lomonosov G.R. Derzhavin A.S. Pushkin Features of the biography The boundaries of creative immortality What is the relationship between the poet and the muse

"Three "Monuments" in Russian Literature". M.V.Lomonosov G.R.Derzhavin A.S.Pushkin Features of the biography “The noble family was not an obstacle for me.” “... the first I dared in a funny Russian syllable // About the virtues of Felitsa to proclaim, // In sincere simplicity to talk about God // And speak the truth to the kings with a smile.” “…I aroused good feelings with my lyre… in my cruel age I glorified Freedom // And called for mercy to the fallen.” Limits of creative immortality The poet will live as long as his Fatherland is alive. "How long will the universe honor the Slavs?" “... as long as in the sublunar world // At least one piit will live.” What is the relationship between the poet and the muse? The muse is a high patroness. Muse is the true friend of the poet. Muse is a companion in the great field of poetry.

Class: 9

Goals:

• compare the works of M.V. Lomonosov, G.R. Derzhavin, A.S. Pushkin on the appointment of the poet and poetry (on the example of one poem);
• to trace how the theme of the poet and poetry develops in their work and how the position of the authors differs in understanding this topic.

Tasks:

• develop the skills of comparative analysis of poems;
• to teach to systematize, highlight the main thing, generalize;
• enrich the vocabulary, work on mastering the artistic means of the language by students.

Forms and methods of work: frontal, group, individual; verbal (story, expressive reading, conversation), practical (analysis of the poem).

Equipment: portraits of poets, collections of poems, task cards.

You are right, Singer: you will live;
You erected an eternal monument:
He can't be crushed
Neither thunder nor whirlwind fleeting.

K.F. Ryleev "Derzhavin"

During the classes

one). Teacher's word.

The theme of the poet and poetry is traditional, cross-cutting in European culture. The poet's monologue about himself is found in ancient poetry. So, Horace's ode “To Melpomene” translated by M.V. Lomonosov served as the basis for the poems of G.R. Derzhavin and A.S. Pushkin about the “monument”. Its main aspects are the process of creativity, its purpose and meaning, the relationship of the poet with the reader, with the authorities, with himself. Thus, among the poets of different eras there was a tradition of lyrical depiction of a “not-made-by-hand” monument, as if summing up the creative activity. Today in the lesson we will compare the poems of M.V. Lomonosov, G.R. Derzhavin, A.S. Pushkin. Let's see how the theme of the poet and poetry develops in these works, what is the difference between the position of the authors in understanding this topic? Let us compare the artistic means by which the point of view of the poets is expressed.

2). Reading and analysis of poems.

a) So, for the first time he turned to the theme of the poet and poetry back in the 1st century BC. e. Ancient Roman poet Quintus Horace Flaccus in his ode to Melpomene. There were many translations of Horace's ode. Some of them (M.V. Lomonosov, V.V. Kapnist, A.Kh. Vostokova, S.A. Tuchkova) were undoubtedly known to Pushkin, while others (A.A. Feta, N. Fokkova, B. V. Nikolsky, P.F. Porfirov, V.Ya. Bryusov) appeared after the death of Pushkin.

In 1747 M.V. Lomonosov translated Horace into Russian.

• Read the arrangement of Horace's ode “To Melpomene” (“Monument”), created by M.V. Lomonosov. Determine the theme and main idea of ​​the poem.

(The theme of the ode is the role of creativity, poetry in people's lives. What is created by the poet makes him immortal - this is the main idea of ​​the poem).

• In what way does the poet give his poems solemnity and precision?

(The two-syllable size - iambic - gives the unrhymed lines of the poem clarity, chasing. Solemnity of sound is given by the words of high style: I will raise, above, increase, fatherland, obstacle, etc., many words and expressions of Greco-Roman origin, from history and mythology: aquilon, Aufid, Aeolian poetry, muse, Delphic laurel, etc.).

Explain the meaning of these words: (aquilon- northeast wind; Awfid- a river in Italy in the homeland of Horace; Aeolian poems- exemplary, ancient Greek; Alcean lira- the lyre of Alceus = Alcaeus, one of the best ancient Greek poets; muse- goddess, patroness of sciences and arts; Delphic laurel- in the city of Delphi there was a temple of Apollo, the leader of the muses. Laurel was considered a sacred tree).

b) In 1796 G.R. Derzhavin addresses this topic, writes the poem "Monument" - this is a free arrangement of Horace's ode. But Derzhavin does not repeat the thoughts of his distant predecessor, but expresses his own point of view on the poet and poetry. The poet believed that people who are not inspired, do not care about art, remain deaf to goodness, indifferent to the joys and sufferings of those around them. Such people

Not a tear will touch the widows,
Nor orphans unfortunate moan:
Let the universe drown in blood
He would be happy... ("Art lover")

According to Derzhavin, the purpose of art and literature is to promote the spread of education and the cultivation of love for beauty, correct vicious morals, and preach truth and justice. It is from these positions that he approaches the assessment of his work in the poem “Monument”. He likens his work to a “wonderful, eternal” monument. The unhurried, solemn rhythm of the verse (the poem is written in iambic six-foot) corresponds to the importance of the theme. The author reflects on the impact of poetry on contemporaries and descendants, on the poet's right to respect and love of fellow citizens. He expresses confidence that his name will live in the hearts and memory of the “countless peoples” inhabiting the space “from the White Waters to the Black Waters”. The poet connects his immortality with the “family of the Slavs”, that is, with the Russian people:

... And my glory will grow without fading,
How long will the universe honor the Slavs?

In the "Monument" Derzhavin explains what his services to the "family of the Slavs" and Russian literature are:

... the first I dared in a funny Russian style

In the simplicity of the heart to talk about God
And tell the truth to kings with a smile.

• Reread Derzhavin's poem "Monument". Determine its topic and main idea.

(The theme is the immortality of the poet in his works, in the memory of people about the creator of famous works. The poet sees his main merit in the fact that he could “speak the truth to kings with a smile”, “talk about God”, “dared” to tell about the virtues of Catherine !! not high, but simple syllable).

• What size is the poem written in, what rhymes does it contain?

(The poem is written in iambic, in each quatrain the first line rhymes with the third, the second with the fourth, i.e. cross rhyme).

• What means of artistic representation did the poet use (epithets, personification, comparison, hyperbole)?

(To give solemnity to poetic speech, the poet uses the words "high style" - brow, be proud, proclaim, dared, innumerable etc.; various epithets - with a leisurely hand, cardiac simplicity, merit fair, monument wonderful, eternal, thunder fleeting. Hyperbole and comparison at the same time - “metals are higher and harder than pyramids”. A monument is a creation left to posterity, so the comparison with pyramids, metal is clearly figurative, i.e. implying a figurative meaning. All this helps to affirm the idea of ​​the importance of creativity, of the immortality of works of art).

• Individual message about the influence of Derzhavin's poetry on the younger generation of contemporaries (based on the ode of K.F. Ryleev "Derzhavin").

v) A year before his death, as if summing up his poetic activity, comprehending his own creative path, Pushkin wrote the poem "Monument" (1836). V.F. Khodasevich believed that this poem was a belated response to Delvig's lyceum poem "Two Alexanders", where Delvig predicted that Alexander I would glorify Russia as a statesman, and Alexander Pushkin as the greatest poet. However, the beginning of the 19th century will later be called the Pushkin era, and not the era of Alexander I.

According to its theme and construction, the poem by A.S. Pushkin is close to Derzhavin's poem of the same name, but Pushkin retreated from his former images. The plot of the poem is the fate of Pushkin, comprehended against the background of the historical movement. The poem keeps traces of heavy thoughts about the cruelty of the century, about relations with the tsar and high-society circles, about the fact that in poetry he, Pushkin, defeated the autocracy. The poem is full of bitter presentiment of imminent death and faith in the power of the poetic word, boundless love for Russia, the consciousness of a fulfilled duty to the people. Who gives the poet the right to immortality? The poet himself, with his work, erects during his lifetime a “non-hand-made monument”, because he is the voice of the people, their prophet. The poet is proud that his poetry was free and appealed to freedom: "... in my cruel age, I glorified freedom ...". Pushkin affirms the unity of popular and personal ideals, he did not write for the sake of a “crown”, poetry is a disinterested service in the name of humanity. The poet was convinced that the muse must strictly follow the truth, faithfully serve freedom, beauty, goodness and justice. This is the eternal and unchanging essence of truly folk art.

• Expressively read Pushkin's poem "Monument". Determine the topic and main idea.

(The theme of the poet and poetry, the problem of poetic glory, poetic immortality: overcoming death through glory).

• What is the genre specificity of the poem?

(The genre is an ode, this is dictated by tradition: the verses are written as a kind of imitation of Derzhavin's poem, which, as we have already said, is a reworking of Horace's ode, known to the Russian reader from Lomonosov's translation.

Epigraph Pushkin borrowed from Horace "I erected a monument ...").

• Name the means of poetic expression in Pushkin's ode.

(Epithets: monument miraculous, soul in cherished lyre, in my cruel age, head recalcitrant;

Metonymy:

That I have good feelings lira awakened...

Synecdoche:

And every language that is in it will call me,
AND proud grandson Slavs and Finns, and now wild
Tungus and friend of the steppes Kalmyk.

Personification: By the command of God, O muse, be obedient ...).

• Find Slavicisms in Pushkin's poem. What tone do they give to the poem?

(The choice of words, intonation are distinguished by solemnity, sublimity, thanks to Slavicisms: raised up, head, corruption, piit, the language that is in it(i.e. the people), dictate other. In terms of intonation, "Monument" is a solemn speech of a national poet-citizen, asserting his right to historical immortality).

4). Research. Let's compare the poems of Horace, Derzhavin and Pushkin by stanzas.

• What do these poems have in common?

(The same number of stanzas - 5, the same number of lines in each stanza).

• Compare poems line by line.

1 stanza. How does Derzhavin characterize his “Monument”? What new, in comparison with Derzhavin's poem, meaning arises with Pushkin's words “a monument not made by hands”, with the mention of the “folk path” and comparison with the Alexandrian Pillar?

(Already in the first stanza, Pushkin emphasizes the nationality of his work. The poet “erects” himself a “non-hand-made monument”, which is higher than the “Alexandrian pillar”, that is, the column erected in honor of Alexander I on Palace Square in St. Petersburg).

2 stanza. With what facts and phenomena of social life does each of the poets connect the idea of ​​the duration of his fame?

Horace:“... until then I will grow with fresh glory, as long as the high priest with the silent maiden rises to the Capitol” (literal translation).

Derzhavin:

“And my glory will grow without fading,
How long will the universe honor the Slavic race ... "

Pushkin:

“And I will be glorious as long as in the sublunar world
At least one piit will live.”

(Pushkin speaks of his historical immortality and prophetically predicts the future wide popularity of his poetry among all the peoples of Russia).

4 stanza. What merits of his work did each of the poets determine his right to fame?

Horace : “Because I was the first to bring the song of Italy to the Aeolian voice…”

Derzhavin :

“... the first I dared in a funny Russian syllable
Proclaim the virtues of Felitsa,
Talk about God in simplicity of heart
And tell the truth to kings with a smile…”

Pushkin:

“... I awakened good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified freedom
And he called for mercy on the fallen.”

(Pushkin claims that he deserved the right to immortality, to the recognition and love of the people, firstly, by the high humanity of his work: “I aroused good feelings with my lyre; secondly, by my struggle for freedom: “in my cruel age I glorified freedom ”, and in one version of this line he called himself a follower of Radishchev: “following Radishchev, I glorified freedom”; thirdly, by the defense of the Decembrists: “and called for mercy for the fallen”).

5 stanza. For all three poets, the poem ends with an appeal to the muse. What is new in Pushkin's lines compared to Derzhavin's?

(In the last stanza, Pushkin, addressing the muse, calls on her, “not fearing offense, not demanding a crown”, to accept praise and slander indifferently and follow her own vocation).

• So, what are the similarities and differences between the poetic positions of the authors? What is the originality of Pushkin's understanding of the role of the poet and the purpose of poetry?

(“Monument” by Derzhavin is a kind of “report” on the work done: about achievements in the “funny Russian style” and “educational” conversations with the tsars about the truth. Pushkin’s poem is cosmic in its scale - it is addressed to the entire “sublunar world”, posthumous glory the poet is identified with eternal life: “No, all of me will not die, the soul is in the cherished lyre // My ashes will survive and run away from decay ...” Derzhavin’s division into “poet” and “citizen” is canceled in it - a creative credo and human duty for Pushkin He did not teach people, did not preach, but awakened “good feelings” in their souls, striving to awaken to life that goodness that is in every soul – the only thing that art can and should appeal to. Freedom, a call for mercy - these are the "good feelings" that Pushkin's lyre awakens).

5). Final work by groups

The first group analyzes “I erected a sign of immortality for myself…” M.V. Lomonosov, the second group - “Monument” by G.R. Derzhavin, the third group - “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...” A.S. Pushkin.

Analysis plan (same for all groups)

1. Expressively read the poem.

2. What features of the poet's biography are reflected in the poem?

3. How does the poet see the limits of his own creative immortality?

4. With what words does the creator address the Muse? What is the relationship between them?

The result of the discussion may be the completion of the following table:

	M.V. Lomonosov	G.R.Derzhavin	A.S. Pushkin
Biography features	“I didn’t have an obscene family as an obstacle.”	“... the first I dared in a funny Russian syllable // About the virtues of Felitsa to proclaim, // In sincere simplicity to talk about God // And speak the truth to the kings with a smile.”	“…I aroused good feelings with my lyre… in my cruel age I glorified Freedom // And called for mercy to the fallen.”
Limits of creative immortality	The poet will live as long as his Fatherland is alive.	"How long will the universe honor the Slavs?"	“... as long as in the sublunar world // At least one piit will live.”
What is the relationship between the poet and the muse	Muse is a high patroness.	Muse is the true friend of the poet.	Muse is a companion in the great field of poetry.

• Conversation on:

In which poem, in your opinion, is the author's personal beginning least traced? What is it connected with?

Why for his poem about the duty and appointment of the poet and poetry A.S. Pushkin took as a model a free arrangement of Horace's ode by G.R. Derzhavin, and not a translation more accurate to the original by M.V. Lomonosov?

6. Summing up the lesson.

So, conclude how the theme of the poet and poetry developed in the work of M.V. Lomonosov, G.R. Derzhavin, A.S. Pushkin and how the position of the authors differs in understanding this topic.

Bibliography

1. Kuchina T.G., Ledenev A.V. Control and verification work on literature in grades 9-11. M., Bustard, 2000, pp. 23-24.

2. Turyanskaya B.I. Literature in 9th grade. Lesson after lesson. - M., Russian Word, 2002, pp. 42-43.

3. We read. We think. We argue. A book for independent work of students on literature in the 9th grade / Ed. G.I. Belenky /, M., Enlightenment, 1996, pp. 115-117.